Alcock, P.G. Venus Rising: South African Astronomical Beliefs, Customs and Observations (P.G. Alcock, 2014).
Antognini, Joe. “Episode 29: The Astronomy of Saharan and Sub-Saharan Africa.” The Songs of Urania Podcast. May 10, 2023. https://songofurania.com/episode/029
Atsma, Aaron J. “Kallisto.” Theoi Project. [n.d.] https://www.theoi.com/Heroine/Kallisto.html
Atsma, Aaron J. “Star Myths.” Theoi Project. [n.d.] https://www.theoi.com/greek-mythology/star-myths.html
Boldman, Brian. “An Analysis of Angel Hair, 1947-2000.” International UFO Reporter 26(3), Fall 2001: pp. 9-20, 36.
Burnham, Robert Jr. Burnham’s Celestial Handbook: An Observer’s Guide to the Universe Beyond the Solar System: Volume Three: Pavo Through Vulpecula (Dover Publications, 1978).
Caraceni, Alba. “The Reason Steak And Eggs Is A Go-To Dish For Astronauts Heading To Space.” Food Republic. April 28, 2025. https://www.foodrepublic.com/1833869/steak-eggs-space-astronauts/
Clark, Jerome. The UFO Book: Encyclopedia of the Extraterrestrial (Visible Ink Press, 1998).
Clegg, Andrew. “Some Aspects of Tswana Cosmology.” Botswana Notes and Records 18, 1986: pp. 33-37.
Coffey, Donavyn. “How many people have died in space?” LiveScience. June 12, 2023. https://www.livescience.com/space/how-many-people-have-died-in-space
“comet.” Oxford Reference. [n.d.] https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095626574
“Comets.” Royal Museums Greenwich. [n.d.] https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/space-astronomy/comets
Craft, Peg. “Ballooning Spiders.” Missouri Department of Conservation. October 10, 2021. https://mdc.mo.gov/blogs/discover-nature-notes/ballooning-spiders-0
De Luca, Max. “The Eye in the Tuscan Sky: The Day a UFO Sighting Stopped a Fiorentina Match.” These Football Times. April 21, 2020. https://thesefootballtimes.co/2020/04/21/the-eye-in-the-tuscan-sky-the-day-a-ufo-sighting-stopped-a-fiorentina-match/
Duffey, Eric. “Aerial dispersal in spiders.” In P. A. Selden (ed.), Proceedings of the 17th European Colloquium of Arachnology, Edinburgh 1997 (British Arachnological Society, 1998): pp. 187-191.
Evans, Barry. “Orion and the Pleiades.” North Coast Journal of Politics, People & Art. January 12, 2023. https://www.northcoastjournal.com/life-outdoors/orion-and-the-pleiades-25694962
Fansler, Dean S. Filipino Popular Tales (American Folk-lore Society, 1921).
Frazer, J.G. “Some Popular Superstitions of the Ancients.” Folklore 1(2), June 1890: pp. 145-171.
“Gagarin's traditions.” The European Space Agency. [n.d.] https://www.esa.int/About_Us/50_years_of_ESA/50_years_of_humans_in_space/Gagarin_s_traditions
Ginzberg, Louis. Legends of the Jews, Volume 4 (The Jewish Publication Society of America, 1913).
Grassi, Francesco. “1954: UFO e bambagia silicea su Firenze.” Query Online. November 10, 2014. https://www.queryonline.it/2014/11/10/1954-ufo-e-bambagia-silicea-su-firenze/
Gray, Tara. “A Brief History of Animals in Space.” National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 1998. https://web.archive.org/web/20090320214230/https://history.nasa.gov/animals.html
Guzeva, Alexandra. “Just how superstitious are Russian cosmonauts?” Russia Beyond. February 7, 2019. https://www.rbth.com/science-and-tech/329954-cosmonauts-superstitions-traditions
Haboucha, Reginetta. Types and Motifs of the Judeo-Spanish Folktales (Taylor & Francis, 2021).
Haliburton, R.G. “Primitive Traditions as to the Pleiades.” Nature XXV, November 1881-April 1882: pp. 100-101.
Hilberg, Rick. “The ‘Angel Hair’ File.” Altered Perceptions Magazine. June 2019. https://www.apmagazine.info/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1332:the-angel-hair-file-june2019&catid=2&Itemid=44
“The History of the Magical Flying Carpets.” Ancient Origins Reconstructing the Story of Humanity’s Past, Ancient Origins, 11 June 2016, www.ancient-origins.net/myths-legends/history-magical-flying-carpets-006064.
Hobbs, Zoe. “How many people have gone to space?.” Astronomy. November 8, 2023. https://www.astronomy.com/space-exploration/how-many-people-have-gone-to-space/
Hollingham, Richard. “The strangest space launch rituals.” BBC. June 9, 2014. https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20140610-the-strange-rituals-of-cosmonauts
Horta, Paulo Lemos (ed.), and Yasmine Seale (trans.). The Annotated Arabian Nights (Liveright, 2021).
Howell, Elizabeth. “Russia's Space Traditions! 14 Things Every Cosmonaut Does for Launch.” Space.com. June 6, 2018. https://www.space.com/40809-russian-space-launch-traditions.html
Johnson, Donald. “The Worldwide UFO Wave of 1954.” National Investigations Committee on Aerial Phenomena. [n.d.] https://www.nicap.org/reports/waveof1954.htm
Klesius, Mike. “One More For The Checklist.” Smithsonian Magazine. September 2010. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/air-space-magazine/one-more-for-the-checklist-53110865/
Koenig, Duane. “Comets, Superstitions, and History.” Quarterly Journal of the Florida Academy of Sciences 31(2), June 1968: pp. 81-92.
Kunth, Daniel and Elena Terlevich. StarWords: The Celestial Roots of Modern Language (Springer Praxis Books, 2024).
Lewis, Tanya. “Peanuts, Blackjack and Pee: Strangest Space Mission Superstitions.” Wired. August 10, 2012. https://www.wired.com/2012/08/space-mission-superstitions/
Parks, Jake. “How many astronauts have died in space?.” Astronomy. September 25, 2023. https://www.astronomy.com/space-exploration/how-many-astronauts-have-died-in-space/
Pearlman, Robert Z. “Cosmic Traditions: One-Year Space Crew Marks Flight with Russian Spaceflight Customs.” Space.com. March 27, 2015. https://www.space.com/28956-one-year-space-mission-russian-traditions.html
Martínez, Alonso. “Felicette: How France launched the first cat into space 60 years ago.” El País. October 18, 2023. https://english.elpais.com/science-tech/2023-10-18/felicette-how-france-launched-the-first-cat-into-space-60-years-ago.html
Mingren, Wu. “The History of the Magical Flying Carpets.” Ancient Origins. June 11, 2016. https://www.ancient-origins.net/myths-legends/history-magical-flying-carpets-006064
Morton, Ella. “Why Russian Astronauts Pee on a Bus Tire Before Launching Into Space, and Other Pre-Flight Rituals.” Atlas Obscura. July 29, 2015. https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/why-russian-astronauts-pee-on-a-bus-tire-before-launching-into-space-and-other-preflight-rituals
Muller, Brad. “Chaff in Weather Radar Imagery.” Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Meteorology. [n.d.] https://wx.erau.edu/faculty/mullerb/Wx365/Chaff/chaff.html
Munce, Megan Fan. “Baby spiders are falling from the sky in white clumps around the Bay Area.” San Francisco Chronicle. October 5, 2023. https://www.sfchronicle.com/climate/article/baby-spiders-falling-sky-white-clumps-18407244.php
Murphy, Alan. “The losing hand: tradition and superstition in spaceflight.” The Space Review. May 27, 2008. https://www.thespacereview.com/article/1137/1
Murphy, Brian. The Root of Wild Madder: Chasing the History, Mystery, and Lore of the Persian Carpet (Simon & Schuster, 2006).
Norris, Ray. “The world’s oldest story? Astronomers say global myths about ‘seven sisters’ stars may reach back 100,000 years.” The Conversation. December 21, 2020. https://theconversation.com/the-worlds-oldest-story-astronomers-say-global-myths-about-seven-sisters-stars-may-reach-back-100-000-years-151568
Opie, Iona, and Moira Tatem (eds.). A Dictionary of Superstitions (Oxford University Press, 1990).
“Origin and history of zodiac.” Etymonline. [n.d.] https://www.etymonline.com/word/zodiac
Padula, Richard. “The day UFOs hovered over Fiorentina's Stadio Artemio Franchi.” BBC Sport. January 4, 2013. https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/20917594
Padula, Richard. “The day UFOs stopped play.” BBC News. October 24, 2014. https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-29342407
Palmer, Susan J. Aliens Adored: Rael’s UFO Religion (Rutgers University Press, 2004).
“The Pleiades.” GreekMythology.com. [n.d.] https://www.greekmythology.com/Myths/Figures/The_Pleiades/the_pleiades.html
“The Pleiades: Cultural Stories of the Seven Sisters.” Night Sky Tourist. February 6, 2023. https://nightskytourist.com/pleiades/
“The Pleiades: Humanity’s Oldest Story?” Museum of Science. December 5, 2024. https://www.mos.org/article/pleiades-humanitys-oldest-story
“Point at the Stars and get a Wart.” USC Digital Folklore Archives. May 13, 2023. https://folklore.usc.edu/point-at-the-stars-and-get-a-wart/
Romeo, Jess. “The Long History of Comet Phobia.” JSTOR Daily. September 3, 2020. https://daily.jstor.org/the-long-history-of-comet-phobia/
Roud, Steve. The Penguin Guide to the Superstitions of Britain and Ireland (Penguin Books, 2006).
Rice, Tony. “Space travel has own traditions and supersitions [sic].” WRAL News. February 10, 2012. https://www.wral.com/weather/blogpost/10715530/
Rybachuk, Maria. “The Babylonian Influence on Ancient Greek Astrology.” Greek Reporter. October 11, 2023. https://greekreporter.com/2023/10/11/babylonian-influence-ancient-greek-astrology/
S., Katia. “The Myth of Ursa Major and Callisto.” Greek Myths & Greek Mythology. March 20, 2011. https://www.greekmyths-greekmythology.com/ursa-major-in-greek-mythology/
Schulz, Vera-Simone. “Portraits, Photographs, and Politics in the Carpet Medium: Iran, the Soviet Union and Beyond.” Konsthistorisk Tidskrift/Journal of Art History, 83(3), 2014: pp. 244–265.
“Science Diction: The Origin Of The Word ‘Comet.’” NPR. December 17, 2010. https://www.npr.org/2010/12/17/132141801/science-diction-the-origin-of-the-word-comet
Shamoun, Sam. “Solomon’s Flying Carpet.” Fables and Legends of the Quran. [n.d.] https://www.answering-islam.org/Quran/Sources/Legends/flying_carpet.htm
Shatner, William. “William Shatner: My Trip to Space Filled Me with “Overwhelming Sadness” (EXCLUSIVE).” Variety, 6 Oct. 2022, variety.com/2022/tv/news/william-shatner-space-boldly-go-excerpt-1235395113/
“The Signs of the Zodiac Greek Mythology.” Greek Legends and Myths. [n.d.] https://www.greeklegendsandmyths.com/signs-of-the-zodiac.html
“South African star myths.” Royal Museums Greenwich. [n.d.] https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/space-astronomy/south-african-star-myths
“Soyuz 1.” Space Safety Magazine. [n.d.] https://www.spacesafetymagazine.com/space-disasters/soyuz-1/
“Star Lore (Working List).” Centre for Astronomical Heritage (CfAH). [n.d.] https://cfah.org.za/resources/starlore-workinglist/
“Starry Superstitions.” StarNameRegistry.com. October 3, 2017. https://star-name-registry.com/blog/item/starry-superstitions#
“Stellar jewels: the Pleiades.” Royal Museums Greenwich. [n.d.] https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/space-astronomy/what-are-pleiades
Stothers, Richard. “Unidentified Flying Objects in Classical Antiquity.” The Classical Journal 103(1), 2007: pp. 79-92.
“Strange Craft Litters French Town With Thread-Like Substance.” Civilian Saucer Investigation Quarterly Bulletin 1(2), Winter 1953: pp. 4-5.
Stringfield, Leonard H. Inside Saucer Post…3-0 Blue: CRIFO Views the Status Quo, a Summary Report (Civilian Research, Interplanetary Flying Objects, 1957).
“Superstition Brazil — from Warts on the Fingers to the Eighth Month.” Aventura do Brasil. November 25, 2019. https://www.aventuradobrasil.com/blog/superstition-brazil-from-warts-on-the-fingers-to-the-eighth-month/
Warner, Elizabeth. Russian Myths (University of Texas Press, 2002).
Warner, Marina. Stranger Magic: Charmed States and the Arabian Nights (The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2012).
“What Are JPL’s Lucky Peanuts?” National Aeronautics and Space Administration. October 15, 2021. https://science.nasa.gov/missions/what-are-jpls-lucky-peanuts/
“Why do astronauts watch ‘White Sun of the Desert’ before launch?” Space. October 6, 2023. https://medium.com/@deep.space/why-do-astronauts-watch-white-sun-of-the-desert-before-launch-9cbdc74a2f94
Wilde, Dana. “Life and death on silk balloons.” Centralmaine.com. June 7, 2017. https://www.centralmaine.com/2017/06/07/life-and-death-on-silk-balloons/
Wilson, Evie. “Exploring the Significance of Stars in Mythology.” Sent Into Space. December 21, 2022. https://www.sentintospace.com/post/stars-and-mythology
Winsham, Willow. Treasury of Folklore: Stars & Skies (Batsford, 2023).
Zerello, Amy. “This Is The Real Meaning Behind Common Omens and Urban Legends.” Reader’s Digest. September 2, 2023. https://www.rd.com/list/6-superstitions-and-omens/
Zielinski, Sarah. “A brief history of animal death in space.” ScienceNews. September 7, 2014. https://www.sciencenews.org/blog/wild-things/brief-history-animal-death-space
Sources from Legends 76
Aitken, Ted. “Baldoon Mystery Unsolved After Years.” The Windsor Star. 5/20/1933, p.21. https://www.newspapers.com/image/501156961/?match=1&terms=Baldoon.
“The Anishinaabe (Ojibwe, Saulteaux).” Gladue Rights Research Database. 2024. https://gladue.usask.ca/anishinaabeg.
“Baldoon Mystery.” Wallaceburg Museum. n.d. https://www.wallaceburgmuseum.ca/baldoonmystery.
“The Baldoon Settlement.” The Historical Marker Database. Updated 5/27/2025. https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=272487.
Barrett, Harry B. Lore & Legends of Long Point. Patterson’s Creek Press, 2000. Digital. https://archive.org/details/lorelegendsoflon0000barr/mode/2up.
Bell, Charles N. The Selkirk Settlement and the Settlers: A Concise History of the Red River Country From its Discover, Including Information Extracted From Original Documents lately Discovered and Notes Obtained From Selkirk Settlement Colonists. Winnipeg: The Commercial, 1887. Digital. https://qspace.library.queensu.ca/server/api/core/bitstreams/8842ffbd-49a5-4614-aa7d-8959b017a995/content.
“Binstead.” Canada’s Historic Places. n.d. https://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=3681.
Campey, Lucille, H. The Silver Chief: Lord Selkirk and the Scottish Pioneers of Belfast, Baldoon and Red River. Toronto: Natural Heritage Books. 2003. E-book.
Colombo, John Robert. The Big Book of Canadian Ghost Stories. Toronto: Dundurn Press, 2008. Digital. https://archive.org/details/bigbookofcanadia0000colo_v7a4/mode/2up.
Colombo, John Robert. Mysteries of Ontario. Toronto: Hounslow Press, 1999. Digital. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Mysteries_of_Ontario/YGFLAQ-Cu6sC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=john+troyer+witch&pg=PA137&printsec=frontcover.
Coyne, James H. “David Ramsay and Long Point in Legend and History.” Proceedings and Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, Ser. 3, Vol. 13. Ottawa: Jas. Hope & Son, 1920. pp.111-126. Digital. https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.$b228312&seq=7&q1=Coyne.
Dobson, Cathy. “Eerie Baldoon Mystery Story Refuses to Give Up the Ghost.” The Sarnia Journal. 4/11/2022. https://www.thesarniajournal.ca/top-story/eerie-baldoon-mystery-story-refuses-to-give-up-the-ghost-7972076.
Fehr, Rick. “Baldoon Mystery.” PSI Encyclopedia. Updated 11/13/2024. https://psi-encyclopedia.spr.ac.uk/articles/baldoon-mystery.
Ferguson, Bekah. “Folktale: The Haunting of Binstead House, PEI.” Storyteller Bekah Ferguson. 10/7/2022. https://www.bekahferguson.com/the-haunting-of-binstead-house-pei/.
Fowke, Edith. Folklore of Canada. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1976. Digital. https://archive.org/details/folkloreofcanada00fowk/mode/2up.
Fowke, Edith. Legends Told in Canada. Toronto: Royal Ontario Museum, 1994. Digital. https://archive.org/details/legendstoldincan0000unse/mode/2up.
Jones, Peter. History of the Ojebway Indians: With Especial Reference to Their Conversion to Christianity. London: A. W. Bennett, 1861. Digital. https://archive.org/details/bp_1459181/mode/2up.
MacLean, Andrew. “The Ghost of Binstead Manor.” Backyard History. 10/23/2024. https://backyardhistory.ca/articles/f/the-ghost-of-binstead-manor?blogcategory=Strange+Tales.
MacLean, Andrew. “The Ghost of Binstead Manor.” Telegraph-Journal. 10/26/2024, p.B6. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1137052165/?match=1&terms=Binstead%20Haunting.
McDonald, Neil T. The Baldoon Mystery. Wallaceburg: W. Colwell. n.d. Digital. https://archive.org/details/baldoonmystery00mcdo/mode/2up.
Mann, Frank. A History of Wallaceburg and Vicinity: 1804 to the Present. 4/7/1968. Digital. https://images.ourontario.ca/Partners/CKPL/CKPL0027462931T.PDF.
Mitts, Dorothy M. “The Belledoon ‘Mysteries.’” The Times Herald. 3/9/1958, p.4. https://www.newspapers.com/image/209601838/?match=1&terms=Belledoon.
Morrison, Arthur. The Shadows Around Us: Authentic Tales of the Supernatural. Glasgow: Simpkin & Marshall, 1891. E-book. https://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks15/1500011h.html#ch8.
Myers, F. W. H. “On Recognised Apparitions Occurring More Than a Year After Death.” Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research. Vol. VI, 1889-90, pp.13-65. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and Co., Limited, 1890. Digital. https://archive.org/details/proceedingsofsoc06soci/mode/2up.
Peters, Hammerson. “Legends of Prince Edward Island.” Mysteries of Canada. 9/1/2022. https://mysteriesofcanada.com/pei/legends-of-prince-edward-island/.
Philips, Lisa and McDougall, Allan K. “The Baldoon Mysteries.” Phantom Past, Indigenous Presence: Native Ghosts in North American Culture and History. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2011, pp.117-150. Digital. https://archive.org/details/phantompastindig0000unse/mode/2up.
Ramsay, Sterling. Folklore: Prince Edward Island. Charlottetown: Square Deal Publications, 1976. Digital. https://archive.org/details/folkloreprinceed0000unse/mode/2up.
Reaney, James. “Troyer, John.” Dictionary of Canadian Biography, Vol. 7. 1988. http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio.php?id_nbr=3702.
Riddell, William Renwick. Old Province Tales Upper Canada. Toronto: Glasgow, Brook & Company, 1920. Digital. https://archive.org/details/oldprovincetales00ridduoft/mode/2up.
“A Strange Apparition That Was Seen in a House.” The Times-Transcript. 1/2/1890, p.3. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1105941101/?match=1&terms=Binstead%20Manor.
Taylor, Harold. “Young Earl of Selkirk founded Baldoon Settlement.” The Windsor Star. 6/17/1933, p.23. https://www.newspapers.com/image/501158901/?match=1&terms=Baldoon.
Telfer, Geordie. Mysterious Ontario: Myths, Murders, Mysteries and Legends. Edmonton: Quagmire Press, 2011. Digital. https://archive.org/details/mysteriousontari0000telf/mode/2up.
“Witch Doctor John Troyer.” Stories From Norfolk’s History. n.d. https://norfolklore.com/history/troyer_02/.
“You Asked Us About Mysterious Events in Baldoon.” The Hamilton Spectator. 11/4/1972, p.132. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1008944387/?match=1&terms=Belledoon.
Sources from Lore 302
Amin, Osama Shukir Muhammed. “Shanidar 1 at the Iraq Museum.” World History Encyclopedia. March 21, 2019. https://www.worldhistory.org/image/10264/shanidar-1-at-the-iraq-museum/
“Ann Eliza Struck.” Ancestry. [n.d.] https://www.ancestry.com/genealogy/records/ann-eliza-struck-24-1kkgrc7
Atsma, Aaron J. “Apollon.” Theoi Project. [n.d.] https://www.theoi.com/Olympios/Apollon.html
Barclay, George Lippard. The Poison Fiend: Life and Conviction of Lydia Sherman: The Modern Borgia (Barclay & Co., 1873).
Bendici, Raymond. “The Derby Poisoner: The story of Lydia Sherman, a mass murderer.” New Haven Register. January 10, 2015. https://www.nhregister.com/connecticut/article/The-Derby-Poisoner-The-story-of-Lydia-Sherman-a-11358691.php
Bestetti, Reinaldo B., Rosemary F. Daniel, Tufik M. Geleilete, and Ana Luiza N. Almeida. “From Shamans to Priests of Sekhmet: A Review of the Literature in Search for the Origins of Doctors in Ancient Egypt.” Cureus. August 19, 2024. https://www.cureus.com/articles/218519-from-shamans-to-priests-of-sekhmet-a-review-of-the-literature-in-search-for-the-origins-of-doctors-in-ancient-egypt#!/
Biggs, Sarah J. “Not Always Bad News Birds: The Caladrius.” British Library Medieval Manuscripts Blog. April 12, 2013. https://blogs.bl.uk/digitisedmanuscripts/2013/04/not-always-bad-news-birds-the-caladrius.html
Blum, Deborah. The Poisoner’s Handbook: Murder and the Birth of Forensic Medicine in Jazz Age New York (Penguin Books, 2010).
Bowles, David. Feathered Serpent, Dark Heart of Sky: Myths of Mexico (Cinco Puntos Press, 2018).
“Brat Bríde: A Healing Tradition of Brigid’s Eve.” Irish Pagan School. January 31, 2024. https://irishpagan.school/brat-bride/
“Chloroform Burns Point To Murders.” The New York Times. February 8, 1915. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1915/02/08/100138052.html?pageNumber=1
Coletta, Sue. Pretty Evil New England: True Stories of Violent Vixens and Murderous Matriarchs (Globe Pequot, 2020).
“Confesses Giving Poison To Three Persons Following Her Indictment.” The Republican-Tribune [Union, MO]. August 28, 1928. https://www.newspapers.com/image/168917309/
“The Connecticut Borgia.” The Boston Daily Globe. May 18, 1878. https://www.newspapers.com/image/428230138/
Ermenc, Christine. “Amy Archer-Gilligan: Entrepreneurism Gone Wrong in Windsor.” Windsor Historical Society. July 16, 2018. https://windsorhistoricalsociety.org/amy-archer-gilligan-entrepreneurism-gone-wrong-in-windsor/
Erwin, James W., and Vicki Berger Erwin. Notorious Missouri: 200 Years of Historic Crimes (The History Press, 2021).
“Escaped Murdered Poisoned Himself Sleuth Discovers.” The Hartford Courant. May 6, 1923. https://www.newspapers.com/image/370394060/
“Farmer’s Wife Admits Three Poison Murders.” Buffalo Courier Express. August 29, 1928. https://www.newspapers.com/image/977312968/
“Find No Trace of Mors After Escape From Poughkeepsie.” The Yonkers Herald. May 12, 1916. https://www.newspapers.com/image/676647551/
Fine, Stan. “Opinion: The murder farm.” McDonald County Press. October 3, 2024. https://mdcp.nwaonline.com/news/2024/oct/03/opinion-the-murder-farm/
Gonlin, Nancy, and David M. Reed, eds. Night and Darkness in Ancient Mesoamerica (University Press of Colorado, 2021).
Gorman, James. “Ancient Bones That Tell a Story of Compassion.” The New York Times. December 17, 2012. https://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/18/science/ancient-bones-that-tell-a-story-of-compassion.html
Harrison, Marissa A. Just as Deadly: The Psychology of Female Serial Killers (Cambridge University Press, 2023).
“Indorse Queer Tale Of Killing The Aged.” The New York Times. February 6, 1915. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1915/02/06/106729662.html?pageNumber=1
Jones, Ann. Women Who Kill (Feminist Press, 2009).
Jordan, Michael. Dictionary of Gods and Goddesses, Second Edition (Facts on File, 2004).
“Killed 8 In Home, He Tells Perkins.” The New York Times. February 3, 1915. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1915/02/03/100136617.html?pageNumber=9
Lally, Jude. “The Imbolc Ritual of the ‘Brat Bride.’” Ancestral Mothers of Scotland & Gather the Keeners. January 29, 2025. https://judelally.substack.com/p/the-imbolc-ritual-of-the-brat-bride-583
“Lydia Sherman.” Find a Grave. [n.d.] https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/8890048/lydia-sherman
“Lydia Sherman. Closing Scenes of Her Trial.” New York Herald. April 26, 1872. https://www.newspapers.com/image/329421698/
“Lydia Sherman. Confession of the Arch Murderess of Connecticut.” New York Herald. January 13, 1873. https://www.newspapers.com/image/329398728/
“Lydia Sherman: The Derby Poisoner.” ConnecticutHistory.org. March 22, 2023. https://connecticuthistory.org/lydia-sherman-the-derby-poisoner/
“Lydia Sherman, the Derby Poisoner, Commits the ‘Horror of the Century.’” New England Historical Society. 2024. https://newenglandhistoricalsociety.com/lydia-sherman-the-derby-poisoner-commits-the-horror-of-the-century/
“Lydia Sherman. Her Arraignment at New Haven.” New York Herald. April 17, 1872. https://www.newspapers.com/image/329418187/
“Lydia Sherman. Lucretia Borgia Matched.” New York Herald. April 16, 1872. https://www.newspapers.com/image/329417957/
“Lydia Sherman’s Capture.” Bradford Opinion. June 16, 1877. https://www.newspapers.com/image/661301510/
“May Confirm Identity Of Mors By Teeth.” The Yonkers Herald. May 11, 1923. https://www.newspapers.com/image/676818006/
McLeish, Kenneth. Myth: Myths & Legends of the World Explored (Facts on File, 1996).
Montes-Santiago, Julio. “The lead-poisoned genius: saturnism in famous artists across five centuries.” Progress in Brain Research 203, 2013: pp. 223-240.
“Mors Escapes From Asylum.” The New York Times. May 12, 1916. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1916/05/12/301859432.html?pageNumber=9
“Mors Killed As Act Of Kindness, He Says.” The New York Times. February 12, 1915. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1915/02/12/100138877.html?pageNumber=6
“Murdered Her Boarders When Keeping Them Involved Loss.” Meriden Morning Record. June 19, 1919. https://www.newspapers.com/image/675655905/
Pearce, JMS. “Medicine in Greek mythology.” Hektoen International. Winter 2019. https://hekint.org/2019/02/08/medicine-in-greek-mythology/
Perrin, Lisa. The League of Lady Poisoners (Chronicle Books, 2023).
Popper, Joe. “A Darkness ‘Round The Bend: Fragments of Murder in Another Time.” Bertha Gifford. [n.d.] http://www.berthagifford.com/index.html
“Reported Confession of Mrs. Lydia Sherman.” The Daily Post [Pittsburgh, PA]. January 9, 1873. https://www.newspapers.com/image/87637496/
Robinson, Paul H., and Sarah M. Robinson. Crimes That Changed Our World: Tragedy, Outrage, and Reform (Rowman & Littlefield, 2018).
Ryan, Bill. “Whatever Went Wrong With Amy?” The New York Times. March 2, 1997. https://www.nytimes.com/1997/03/02/nyregion/whatever-went-wrong-with-amy.html
Schechter, Harold. Butcher’s Work: True Crime Tales of American Murder and Madness (University of Iowa Press, 2022).
Schechter, Harold. Fatal: The Poisonous Life of a Female Serial Killer (Pocket Star, 2003).
“Search For Dangerous Spy.” The Buffalo Enquirer. May 29, 1918. https://www.newspapers.com/image/326184828/
Seifert, Christine. Toxic Wives: Murder, Media and the Poison Panic in America (Exposit, 2023).
“Skeleton Believed To Be That Of Dr. Mors.” The New York Times. May 6, 1923. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1923/05/06/105860970.html?pageNumber=2
“Some Old Irish Customs of St Brigid’s Day by Dr. Marion McGarry.” YouTube, uploaded by National Museum of Ireland. January 20, 2022. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e2gunw4rf3g
“Suspects Torrington Man of Murdering 8.” The Hartford Courant. July 20, 1919. https://www.newspapers.com/image/367400315/
Thompson, C.J.S. Magic and Healing (Rider & Company, 1947).
Tilley, Lorna. “The bioarchaeology of care.” The Archaeological Record 12, 2012: pp. 39-41.
“Twenty Murders Alleged In Windsor Home For Aged.” Meriden Daily Journal. May 9, 1916. https://www.newspapers.com/image/675617421/
Uth, Alexandra. “Ninhursag (deity).” EBSCO. 2022. https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/social-sciences-and-humanities/ninhursag-deity
“Vituperative Letters Written By Mrs. Gilligan—Extortion Of Money.” The Hartford Daily Courant. May 9, 1916. https://www.newspapers.com/image/369106493/
Wilhelm, Robert. “The Poison Fiend.” Murder by Gaslight. July 24, 2021. https://www.murderbygaslight.com/2011/10/poison-fiend.html
Wright, Gregory. “Brigid.” Mythopedia. November 29, 2022. https://mythopedia.com/topics/brigid
Yoshitani, Yoshi. Beneath the Moon: Fairy Tales, Myths, and Divine Stories from Around the World (Ten Speed Press, 2020).
Sources from Legends 75
Alexander, Kathy. “The Lost Dutchman Mine, Arizona.” Legends of America. March 2023. https://www.legendsofamerica.com/az-lostdutchman/
“Blackbeard’s Treasure on Plum Point NC.” Fleming’s Bond. November 14, 2013. https://flemingsbond.com/blackbeards-treasure-on-plum-point-nc/
Boyle, Dennis. “The Law of Lost Treasure and Treasure Hunting.” Boyle & Jasari. January 3, 2023. https://www.boylejasari.com/the-law-of-lost-treasure-and-treasure-hunting/
Brown, Ralph O. “Superstition Range Hides Fate Of Seeker After Fabled Gold.” The Fresno Bee. July 16, 1931. https://www.newspapers.com/image/701101574/
“Buried Treasure.” The Age [Melbourne, AUS]. June 13, 1936. https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=gexjAAAAIBAJ&sjid=S5UDAAAAIBAJ&pg=7104,4738446
Bushnell, Mark. “Then Again: Soldiers on the run through Vermont resorted to drastic means for survival.” VTDigger. July 21, 2019. https://vtdigger.org/2019/07/21/then-again-soldiers-on-the-run-through-vermont-resorted-to-drastic-means-for-survival/
Calnek, Harry. “Four die in search for Captain Kidd treasure.” Saskatoon Star-Phoenix. August 18, 1965. https://www.newspapers.com/image/508674696/
Campbell, Randolph B. “Mike.” “Knights of the Golden Circle.” Texas State Historical Association. October 25, 2023. https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/knights-of-the-golden-circle
Cizmar, Martin. “Fool's Gold: Prospectors Have Looked for the Lost Dutchman's Gold for a Century, But Jesse Capen Figured He Could Find It. He Probably Died Trying.” Phoenix New Times. April 22, 2010. https://www.phoenixnewtimes.com/news/fools-gold-prospectors-have-looked-for-the-lost-dutchmans-gold-for-a-century-but-jesse-capen-figured-he-could-find-it-he-probably-died-trying-6432604
Coble, Christopher. “If I Find Treasure, Can I keep It?” FindLaw. March 21, 2019. https://www.findlaw.com/legalblogs/law-and-life/if-i-find-treasure-can-i-keep-it/
Davis, Ian. “Density of Gold and Other Metals.” Chards. December 22, 2022. https://www.chards.co.uk/guides/density-of-gold-and-other-metals/377
Dayton, Kelsey. “The legend of Lost Cabin.” WyoFile. September 7, 2018. https://wyofile.com/the-legend-of-lost-cabin/
Driscoll, Charles B. “Pirates Ahoy!” The Ogden Standard-Examiner. April 7, 1929. https://www.newspapers.com/image/596472760/
Duffus, Kevin. “Search for Blackbeard’s treasure based on enduring myth.” Coastal Review. October 24, 2022. https://coastalreview.org/2022/10/search-for-blackbeards-treasure-based-on-enduring-myth/
Duhownik, Joe. “In Arizona, a quixotic search for a fabled gold mine.” Courthouse News Service. October 11, 2024. https://api.courthousenews.com/in-arizona-a-quixotic-search-for-a-fabled-gold-mine/
“Floyd Collins.” Wikipedia. Last updated November 30, 2025. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floyd_Collins
Gilkes, Paul, and Steve Roach. “California couple finds large gold coin hoard.” Coin World. March 2, 2014. https://www.coinworld.com/news/precious-metals/california-couple-finds-large-gold-coin-hoard.html
Hongoltz-Hetling, Matt. “Silver Madonna Sends Detectors on Decadeslong Search.” Valley News. October 10, 2016. https://www.vnews.com/Area-treasure-hunters-seek-silver-Madonna-from-1700s-4943253
Hurley, Gerard T. “Buried Treasure Tales in America.” Western Folklore 10(3), July 1951: pp. 197-216.
“Jacob ‘Lost Dutchman’ Waltz.” Find a Grave. [n.d.] https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/6172003/jacob-waltz
Jacobs, Sam. “The Saddle Ridge Hoard: The $10 Million Mystery.” Kellyco. January 29, 2021. https://kellycodetectors.com/blog/saddle-ridge-hoard/?srsltid=AfmBOorph48J9xccpR91NJvQrABE0nhziy_Q7J1XzsVU5U9cKD_2nY93
Jameson. W.C. The Silver Madonna and Other Tales of America’s Greatest Lost Treasures (Taylor Trade Publishing, 2013).
Jones, Julie. “Gold of the Indies.” The Metropolitan Museum. October 1, 2002. https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/gold-of-the-indies.
Kollenborn, Tom. “Legacy of Adolph Ruth.” Apache Junction Public Library. 2001. https://www.ajpl.org/legacy-of-adolph-ruth/
Kollenborn, Tom. “The Origin of the Lost Dutchman Mine Story.” Apache Junction Public Library. 1979, 1999. https://www.ajpl.org/the-origin-of-the-lost-dutchman-mine-story/
Kollenborn, Thomas J. “Goldfield: An Arizona Centennial Treasure.” Tom Kollenborn Chronicles. February 6, 2012. http://superstitionmountaintomkollenborn.blogspot.com/2012/02/goldfield-arizona-centennial-treasure.html
Lönegren, Hans. “The True Story of the Lost Cabin Mine.” Swedish-American Historical Quarterly 52(2), April 2001: pp. 79-95.
“Lost Buried Treasures.” GovMint. September 4, 2018. https://www.govmint.com/coin-authority/post/lost-buried-treasure-hoards
“The Lost Silver Madonna.” CNY Artifact Recovery. February 22, 2014. https://cnyartifactrecovery.wordpress.com/2014/02/22/the-lost-silver-madonna/
Mark, Jay. “Mesa history: Adolph Ruth and the Lost Dutchman Mine.” AZ Central. May 12, 2016. https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/local/mesa-history/2016/05/12/mesa-history-adolph-ruth-and-lost-dutchman-mine/84062842/
Mark, Jay. “Mesa history: Ruth mystery only deepens with findings of remains.” AZ Central. May 20, 2016. https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/local/mesa-contributor/2016/05/13/mesa-history-ruth-mystery-only-deepens-findings-remains/84344690/
“The Mystery of the Lost Dutchman Goldmine.” Discovery. November 24, 2022. https://www.discoveryuk.com/mysteries/the-mystery-of-the-lost-dutchman-goldmine/
O’Shea, Devin Thomas. “Knight Club.” History News Network. January 14, 2025. https://www.historynewsnetwork.org/article/knight-club
Parris, Pat. “Legend of the Lost Dutchman Mine lives on.” KGUN 9. February 10, 2025. https://www.kgun9.com/absolutely-az/legend-of-the-lost-dutchman-mine-lives-on
Paul, Lee. “The Dutchman’s Lost Gold Mine.” The Truth About The Lost Dutchman Mine. [n.d.] https://www.angelfire.com/trek/forthetruth/dutchman.html
“The Plat Eye.” The Moonlit Road. [n.d.] https://www.themoonlitroad.com/the-plat-eye/
Ring, Wilson. “Treasure Hunters Still Ascend Mountains in Search of Artifacts.” Los Angeles Times. August 1, 2004. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-aug-01-adna-treasure1-story.html
Schaefer, Samantha. “Origin of Gold Country coins remains a mystery.” Los Angeles Times. March 11, 2014. https://www.latimes.com/local/la-me-coins-20140312-story.html
“Seek Skeleton Old Prospector.” Redlands Daily Facts. December 28, 1931. https://www.newspapers.com/image/994495677/
“Skeleton Of Adolph Ruth Found In Hills.” Tucson Daily Citizen. January 8, 1932. https://www.newspapers.com/image/581133220/
Steinmetz, Katy. “Couple Who Found $10 Million in Gold Coins Will Likely Keep The Loot.” TIME. March 5, 2014. https://time.com/13071/saddle-ridge-hoard-gold-coins/
“Superstition Mountains—Legends, Murder, and Mayhem.” Phoenix Ghosts. December 4, 2024. https://phoenixghosts.com/superstition-mountains/
Taylor, Alan. “The Early Republic's Supernatural Economy: Treasure Seeking in the American Northeast, 1780-1830.” American Quarterly 38(1), Spring 1986: pp. 6-34.
“Treasure hunts started in 1795.” The Leader-Post [Regina, SK]. August 18, 1965. https://www.newspapers.com/image/494971429/
Walker, Ronald W. “The Persisting Idea of American Treasure Hunting.” Brigham Young University Studies 24(4), Fall 1984: pp. 429-459.
“Weaver's Needle, Superstition Mountains, central Arizona.” Arizona Geological Survey. [n.d.] https://azgs.arizona.edu/photo/weavers-needle-superstition-mountains-central-arizona
“What is the Saddle Ridge Hoard?” APMEX. August 9, 2024. https://learn.apmex.com/answers/what-is-the-saddle-ridge-hoard/
Whitcomb, Dan. “California couple finds $10 million in buried treasure while walking dog.” Reuters. February 25, 2014. https://www.reuters.com/article/lifestyle/california-couple-finds-10-million-in-buried-treasure-while-walking-dog-idUSBREA1P03N/
Sources from Lore 301
Abercromby, Ralph. “The ‘Eurydice’ Squall.” The Hopkins Quarterly, Vol. 7, No. 1, 1980, pp.27-28. JSTOR. http://www.jstor.org/stable/45240870.
“After Twenty-Three Years.” Warwick Examiner and Times. 1/5/1914, p.1. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1028025128/?match=1&terms=A%20Crew%20of%20Skeletons.
Barclay, Shelly. “Abandoned Lifeboat on Bouvet Island: Mystery Solved!” Historic Mysteries. 8/25/2011. https://www.historicmysteries.com/unexplained-mysteries/lifeboat-on-bouvet-island/1038/.
Bassett, Fletcher S. Legends and Superstitions of the Sea and Sailors: In all Lands and at all Times (Belford, Clarke, & Co., 1885).
Botkin, B.A. “A Treasury of New England Folklore.” (American Legacy Press, 1984). Pp 324-326 -
“The Bouvet Island Lifeboat Mystery.” r/UnresolvedMysteries. Reddit. https://www.reddit.com/r/UnresolvedMysteries/comments/4azn5t/the_bouvet_island_lifeboat_mystery/?rdt=38409.
Brazil, Eddie. “Meet UB-65, The Haunted Submarine of World War 1.” Spooky Isles. 8/23/2017. https://www.spookyisles.com/haunted-ub-65/#google_vignette.
Burton, Neel. “The Real Meaning of Orpheus and Eurydice.” Psychology Today. 1/8/2025. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/ataraxia/202406/the-real-meaning-of-orpheus-and-eurydice.
Bywater, Hector C. Their Secret Purposes: Dramas and Mysteries of the Naval War. London: Constable & Co. Ltd., 1932. Digital. https://archive.org/details/theirsecretpurposes/page/33/mode/2up.
Churchill, Winston. My Early Life: A Roving Commission. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1958. Digital. https://archive.org/details/myearlyliferovin00chur_0/page/6/mode/2up.
Cox, Samuel J. “H-020-4: The Fog of War—Lieutenant John Foster and AL-2 Versus UB-65, 10 July 1918.” Naval History and Heritage Command. 5/1/2019. https://www.history.navy.mil/about-us/leadership/director/directors-corner/h-grams/h-gram-020/h-020-4--lt-john-foster-and-al-2-vs--ub-65-.html.
Dash, Mike. “An Abandoned Lifeboat at World’s End.” A Blast From the Past. 2/13/2011. https://mikedashhistory.com/2011/02/13/an-abandoned-lifeboat-at-worlds-end/.
“A Discredited Story.” Auckland Star, Volume XLIV, Issue 240, 10/8/1913, p.5. https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/AS19131008.2.16.9.
“1878 Loss of HMS Eurydice With 300 Seamen.” The Illustrated London News 1878. https://www.iln.org.uk/iln_years/year/1878.htm.
El Otmani, Shelby. The Book of Superstitions (Cider Mill Press, 2023).
“The Eurydice Court-Martial.” Aberdeen Journal, and General Advertiser for the North of Scotland. 9/3/1878, p.3. https://www.newspapers.com/image/392985771/?match=1&terms=HMS%20Eurydice.
“Extra Edition.” Evening Post, Volume LXXXVI, Issue 76, 9/26/1913, p.8. https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/EP19130926.2.98.
Gan, Irina. “‘The First Practical Soviet Steps Towards Getting a Foothold in the Antarctic’: The Soviet Antarctic Whaling Flotilla Slava.” Polar Record, 47, (240), 2011, pp.21-28. Cambridge University Press, 2009. DOI:10.1017/S003224740999043X.
“Ghost Ships!” Maritime Archaeology Trust. 10/31/2022. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=$GVqAsURk74.
Goss, Michael. Lost at Sea: Ghost Ships and Other Mysteries. New York: Prometheus Books, 1994. Digital. https://archive.org/details/lostatseaghostsh0000goss_u7o3/page/52/mode/2up.
Gould, Rupert T. Oddities: A Book of Unexplained Facts. New York: Bell Publishing Company, 1965. Digital. https://archive.org/details/odditiesbookofun0000goul/page/n7/mode/2up.
Grant, Robert M. U-Boat Intelligence 1914-1918. Hamden: Archon Books, 1969. Digital. https://archive.org/details/uboatintelligenc0000gran/page/172/mode/2up.
Harding, John. Sailing’s Strangest Moments: Extraordinary But True Tales From Over 900 Years of Sailing. London: Robson Books, 2004. Digital. https://archive.org/details/sailingsstranges0000hard/page/92/mode/2up.
Hile, Kevin. Ghost Ships. Detroit: Kidhaven Press, 2009. Digital. https://archive.org/details/ghostships0000hile/page/24/mode/2up.
“HMS Eurydice.” Imperial War Museums. https://www.iwm.org.uk/memorials/item/memorial/49844.
“HMS Eurydice.” Island Eye. https://www.islandeye.co.uk/history/hms-eurydice/.
“HMS Eurydice.” Shipwreck Centre & Maritime Museum. 10/27/2021. https://museum.maritimearchaeologytrust.org/2023/10/27/hms-eurydice/.
“H.M.S. Eurydice Raised.” Saturday Journal. 7/19/1878, p.3. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1033932865/?match=1&terms=HMS%20Eurydice.
Huyser, Onno. “Bouvetøya (Bouvet Island).” Important Bird Areas in Africa and Associated Islands—Bouvetøya (Bouvet Island). pp.113-116. 3/13/2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130313172001/http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/userfiles/file/IBAs/AfricaCntryPDFs/Bouvet.pdf.
“Iquique.” Barks. American Lloyd’s Register of American and Foreign Shipping, 1882, p.160. Mystic Seaport Museum. https://research.mysticseaport.org/item/l0237571882/#272.
King, Kendall J. “Stepping a Modern Mast.” Naval History. June 2006. https://www.usni.org/magazines/naval-history-magazine/2006/june/stepping-modern-mast
Konstam, Angus. Ghost Ships: Tales of Abandoned, Doomed and Haunted Vessels. London: Greenwich Editions, 2005. Digital. https://archive.org/details/ghostshipstaleso0000angu/page/144/mode/2up.
“The Loss of H.M.S. Eurydice.” Weekly Examiner. 3/26/1878, p.3. https://www.newspapers.com/image/895780695/?match=1&terms=HMS%20Eurydice.
Lubbock, Basil. The Colonial Clippers. Boston: Charles E. Lauriat Co., 1921. Digital. https://archive.org/details/colonialclippers0000unse/page/n9/mode/2up.
Macdonald, R. Bruce. Never Say P*g: The Book of Sailors’ Superstitions (Harbour Publishing, 2022).
“Marlborough.” Barks. American Lloyd’s Register of American and Foreign Shipping, 1878, p.207. Mystic Seaport Museum. https://research.mysticseaport.org/item/l0237571878/#360.
“Marlborough.” Ships. American Lloyd’s Register of American and Foreign Shipping, 1883, p.49. Mystic Seaport Museum. https://research.mysticseaport.org/item/l0237571883/#80.
“The Marlborough.” Auckland Star, Volume LIV, Issue 281, 11/24/1923, p.17. https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/AS19231124.2.157.
“Marlborough SV (1862~) Iquique SV (+1883).” Wreck Site. 2025. https://www.wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?200394.
Muller, D. B., Schoeman, F. R., and Van Zinderen Bakker Sr., E. M. “Some Notes on a Biological Reconnaissance of Bouvetøya (Antarctic).” South African Journal of Science. June 1967, pp.260-263. https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA00382353_8780.
Quinn, Tom. The Military’s Strangest Campaigns and Characters. London: Robson Books, 2006. Digital. https://archive.org/details/militarysstrange0000quin/page/156/mode/2up.
“Renaming a Boat: The Dos and Don’ts.” Discover Boating. January 2020. https://www.discoverboating.com/resources/ceremony-for-renaming-your-boat
Roberts, Kit. “Unexplained Mystery on the Most Remote Island on Earth.” Unilad. 4/20/2024. https://www.unilad.com/news/world-news/bouvet-island-atlantic-ocean-uninhabited-boat-mystery-004931-20240417.
Ronca, Debra. “Why is it bad luck to say certain words while fishing at sea?” HowStuffWorks. [n.d.] https://people.howstuffworks.com/why-is-it-bad-luck-to-say-certain-words-while-fishing-at-sea.htm
Rowan, Jenny. “Maritime Superstitions.” National Maritime Museum Cornwall. July 28, 2023. https://nmmc.co.uk/2023/07/maritime-superstitions/
“The Ship Marlborough.” Evening Post, Volume XXXIX, Issue 144, 6/20/1890, p.4. https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/EP18900620.2.39.
“Ship of Death.” The Nottingham Evening Post. 10/3/1913, p.9. https://www.newspapers.com/image/806321060/?match=1&terms=Ship%20of%20death.
Speck, Frank G. “Catawba Religious Beliefs, Mortuary Customs, and Dances.” Primitive Man, vol. 12, no. 2, 1939, pp. 21–57. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/3316471
Starke, Parke. “South African Expedition to Bouvet Island, 1966.” Antaret, 1, 1966, pp.232-234.
Stommel, Henry. Lost Islands: The Story of Islands That Have Vanished From Nautical Charts. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1984. Digital. https://archive.org/details/lostislands00henr/page/121/mode/2up.
“Sub-Antarctic Survey.” Evening Post. 4/22/1966, p.11. https://www.newspapers.com/image/760628923/?match=1&terms=bouvet%20island.
“Supposed Loss of Several Ships and Crews.” The Morning News. 10/20/1883, p.8. https://www.newspapers.com/image/61262176/?match=1&terms=Supposed%20loss%20of%20several%20ships%20and%20crews.
Swancer, Brent. “The Strange Ghost Ship Mystery of the Vanished Marlborough.” Journal News Online. 12/22/2021. https://journalnews.com.ph/the-strange-ghost-ship-mystery-of-the-vanished-marlborough/.
“A Tale of the Sea.” Evening Post, Volume LXXXVII, Issue 47, 2/25/1914, p.11. https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/EP19140225.2.126.
“Terrible Disaster off the Isle of Wight.” Birmingham Evening Mail. 3/25/1878, p.3. https://www.newspapers.com/image/827129946/?match=1&terms=HMS%20Eurydice.
“Thompson Island Missing.” Evening Post. 1/2/1929, p.1. https://www.newspapers.com/image/806652392/?match=1&terms=Bouvet%20Island%20lifeboat.
“UB 65.” Uboat.net. https://www.uboat.net/wwi/boats/index.html?boat=UB+65.
Verney, Edmund Hope. The Last Four Days of the “Eurydice.” Portsmouth: Griffin & Co., 1878. Digital.
“Where Whales Breed.” Evening Post. 4/25/1940. p.4. https://www.newspapers.com/image/806617459/?match=1&terms=Bouvet%20Island%20.
Wood, Alan C. Military Ghosts. Stroud: Amberley Publishing, 2013. E-book.
Zaniello, Thomas A. “The Scientific Background of Hopkins’ ‘Loss of the Eurydice’: Two Documents.” The Hopkins /quarterly, Vol. 7, No. 1, 1980, pp.15-19. JSTOR. http://www.jstor.org/stable/45240868.
Sources from Legends 74
“Advertisements Column.” Southland Times, Issue 10161, 5/13/1889, p.3. https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/ST18890513.2.23.1.
“Alleged Infanticide.” Otago Daily Times. 5/14/1895, p.7. https://www.newspapers.com/image/890507682/?match=1&terms=Minnie%20Dean.
“The Baby Farming Case.” The Daily Telegraph. 6/10/1895, p.5. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/238517759?searchTerm=Minnie%20Dean.
“The Ballad of Minnie Dean.” New Zealand Folk Song. Updated August 2006. https://www.folksong.org.nz/minniedean/index.html.
“Body in Crouching Position.” The Daily Telegraph. 7/14/1931, p.7. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/246713928?searchTerm=Phyllis%20Symons.
Bowron, Jane. “Go On, Take Your Time And Toot in the Mt Vic Tunnel.” Stuff. 10/12/2014. https://www.stuff.co.nz/dominion-post/comment/10608892/Go-on-take-your-time-and-toot-in-the-Mt-Vic-tunnel.
“Buried Alive.” Warwick Daily News. 8/15/1931, p.6. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/177512679?searchTerm=Phyllis%20Symons.
“Charge of Murder.” Otago Daily Times, Issue 21412, 8/13/1931, p.7. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/oct/31/blast-from-the-past-wellington-drivers-beep-horns-to-dispel-ghostly-tunnel-vision.
“Charges of Infanticide in Southland.” The Taranaki Herald. 5/13/1895, p.2. https://www.newspapers.com/image/882199265/?match=1&terms=Minnie%20Dean.
“Coroner’s Inquest of Dorothy Carter.” DigitalNZ. Updated 6/8/2025. https://digitalnz.org/records/32190229.
Dictionary of Sydney Staff Writer. “Fishers Ghost Creek.” Dictionary of Sydney. State Library New South Wales. 2008. https://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/fishers_ghost_creek.
“Dorothy Edith Carter.” Find A Grave. 7/18/2021. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/229675371/dorothy_edith-carter.
“Dug Hole.” The Sun, 8/13/1931, p.13. https://www.newspapers.com/image/985740802/?match=1&terms=%22Phillis%20Symons%22.
“Emigration to Australia, New Zealand and South Africa.” National Museums Liverpool. https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/archivesheet12#. n.d.
“Eva Hornsby.” Find A Grave. 7/27/2021. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/229976775/eva-hornsby.
“Execution of Minnie Dean.” Traralgon Record. 8/16/1895, p.3. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/59342478?searchTerm=Minnie%20Dean.
“Festival of Fisher’s Ghost History.” Campbelltown City Council. n.d. “Frederick Fisher and the Legend of Fisher’s Ghost.” Campbelltown City Council. n.d. https://www.campbelltown.nsw.gov.au/files/sharedassets/public/v/1/fishers-ghost/documents/frederickfisher_legendoffishersghost_guide.pdf.
“Fisher’s Ghost.” Australian Town and Country Journal. 1/2/1892, p.31. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/71232119.
“Fisher’s Ghost.” Household Words. Vol. XVIII. Charles Dickens, editor. Leipzig: Bernhard Tauchnitz, 1853, pp.311-317. Digital. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Household_Words/V-9LAAAAcAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1.
“Fisher’s Ghost.” Voice. 6/18/1949, p.1. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/220430527?searchTerm=Frederick%20Fisher.
“Frederick George James Fisher.” Find a Grave. 3/11/2012. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/86566325/frederick-george_james-fisher.
“From: Sheriff, Invercargill Date: 16 August 1895 Subject: Certificate of Execution of Minnie Dean.” Archives New Zealand. Updated 11/16/2020. https://ndhadeliver.natlib.govt.nz/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE59795221.
Frost, Natasha. “Was Minnie Dean Really the Wickedest Woman in New Zealand History?” Atlas Obscura. 11/1/2017. https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/minnie-dean-baby-farmer-murder-new-zealand.
“General Items.” The Caulfield and Elsternwick Leader. 3/10/1888, p.3. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1118532945/?match=1&terms=Frederick%20Federici.
“To the Generous Public.” The Age. 3/17/1888, p.14. https://www.newspapers.com/image/121929549/?match=1&terms=Frederick%20Federici.
“The Ghost Girl.” Genealogy Investigations Ltd. 10/30/2024. http://genealogyinvestigations.co.nz/blog/the-ghost-girl.
“Girl Buried Alive?” The News, Vol. XVIL, No. 2605, 11/23/1931, p.1. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1035875801/?match=1&terms=%22Phillis%20Symons%22.
“Government Notice.” Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser. 9/29/1826, p.1. https://www.newspapers.com/image/981490408/?match=1&terms=Frederick%20Fisher.
Graham-Mclay, Charlotte. “Blast From the Past: Wellington Drivers Beep Horns to Dispel Ghostly Tunnel Vision." The Guardian. 10/30/2019. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/oct/31/blast-from-the-past-wellington-drivers-beep-horns-to-dispel-ghostly-tunnel-vision.
“Guresome Quest.” The Dubbo Liberal and Macquarie Advocate. 7/11/1931, p.1. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/132213396?searchTerm=Phyllis%20Symons.
“In Heap of Spoil.” Tweed Daily. 7/14/1931, p.4. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/194130004?searchTerm=Phyllis%20Symons.
Hickman, Bill. “Wellington’s Dark History Uncovered in Tour of Sites of Murder, Execution, Suffering.” Radio New Zealand. 1/5/2025. https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/top/538194/wellington-s-dark-history-uncovered-in-tour-of-sites-of-murder-execution-suffering.
Hood, Lynley. “‘Dean, Williamina’, Dictionary of New Zealand Biography.” Te Ara—the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Updated July 2021. https://teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/2d7/dean-williamina#:~:text=Minnie%20Dean%20became%20the%20only,being%20sent%20to%20Minnie%20Dean.
“Isabella Thompson.” Find A Grave. 11/24/2018. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/194951290/isabella-thompson.
Lang, Andrew. The Valet’s Tragedy and Other Studies. London: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1903, pp.258-273. Digital. https://archive.org/details/valetstragedyoth00langiala/mode/2up.
“The Legend of Fisher’s Ghost.” Campbelltown City Council. n.d. https://visitcampbelltown.com.au/legend-of-fishers-ghost/.
“The Legend of Fisher’s Ghost.” Campbelltown City Council. n.d. https://www.campbelltown.nsw.gov.au/About-Campbelltown/Events-in-Campbelltown/Fishers-Ghost/History-of-the-Festival/The-Legend-of-Fishers-Ghost.
“The Lyttelton Murder.” The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser, 2/25/1875. P.4. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/18792360#:~:text=25%20Feb%201875%20%2D%20The%20Lyttelton,Place.
“The Lyttelton Murder.” Taranaki Herald. 1/30/1875, p.2. https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/TH18750130.2.8#print.
“Lyttelton Township Historic Area.” Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga. New Zealand Government. N.d. https://www.heritage.org.nz/list-details/7784/Lyttelton%20Township%20Historic%20Area.
McCrone, David. “Mt Victoria Tunnel Tales.” Mt Victoria Historical Society. 2016. https://mtvictoria.history.org.nz/mt-victoria-tunnel/.
McNeilly, Hamish. “Minnie Dean Gravestone Remains Mystery.” Otago Daily Times. 1/9/2010. https://www.odt.co.nz/regions/southland/minnie-dean-gravestone-remains-mystery.
“Minnie Dean.” Manatū Taonga—Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Updated 8/7/2017. https://nzhistory.govt.nz/culture/baby-farmers/minnie-dean.
“Minnie Dean.” The Telegraph. 8/13/1895, p.4. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/172664667?searchTerm=Minnie%20Dean.
“Minnie Dean, the Scottish Baby Farmer.” BBC. 3/4/2011. https://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/history/minnie_dean.shtml.
“Missing Girl.” Timaru Herald, Vol. CXXXV, Issue 18927, 7/13/1931, p.4. https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/THD19310713.2.24.
“The Murder in Lyttelton.” Lyttelton Times. 1/20/1875, p.3. https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/LT18750120.2.20#print.
“Murder of Frederick Fisher Recalled.” The Campbelltown News. 9/26/1930, p.8. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/262321149?searchTerm=Frederick%20Fisher.
“Murder or Suicide?” Daily Standard. 11/9/1931, p.5. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/178963977?searchTerm=Phyllis%20Symons.
Mythen, Samantha. “Ghost Stories of Lyttelton: From the Friendly Gardener to Spine-Chilling Encounters.” Otago Daily Times. 2/26/2021. https://www.odt.co.nz/lifestyle/ghost-stories-lyttelton-friendly-gardener-spine-chilling-encounters.
“New Zealand.” The Express and Telegraph. 4/21/1875, p.3. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/208189849?searchTerm=%22Isabella%20Thompson%22.
“New Zealand.” The Hampden Guardian and Western Province Advertiser. 5/18/1875, p.2. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/269395090?searchTerm=%22Isabella%20Thompson%22.
“New Zealand Murderer Executed This Morning.” Barrier Miner. 12/17/1931, p.1. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/46634357.
Nickell, Joe. “In Search of Fisher’s Ghost.” Skeptical Inquirer, May/June 2001, pp.20-21, 66. https://centerforinquiry.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/29/2001/05/22164829/p20.pdf.
“Original Poetry.” Hill’s Life in New South Wales. 9/21/1832, p.4. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/252650650?searchTerm=Sprite%20of%20the%20Creek.
“Princess Theatre.” Victorian Heritage Database. n.d. https://vhd.heritagecouncil.vic.gov.au/places/805.
“Sentence of Death.” The Toowoomba Chronicle and Darling Downs Gazette. 11/12/1931, p.6. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/254226011?searchTerm=Phyllis%20Symons.
“The Star Christchurch, New Zealand.” Ghgraham.org. n.d. http://ghgraham.org/text/isabellathompson_murder01.html.
Stewart, Nellie. My Life’s Story. Sydney: John Sands Ltd., 1923. https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-3434712138/view?partId=nla.obj-3434820385#page/n192/mode/1up/search/ghastly.
“Supreme Criminal Court.” The Sydney Gazette, and New South Wales Advertiser. 2/5/1827, pp.2-3. https://www.newspapers.com/image/987943312/?terms=Frederick%20Fisher.
“Symons Murder Case.” The Sydney Morning Herald. 8/14/1931, p. 9. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/16807429?searchTerm=Phyllis%20Symons.
“Unemployed Solve Murder Mystery.” Evening Express. 8/12/1931, p.1. https://www.newspapers.com/image/961941918/?match=1&terms=%22Phillis%20Symons%22.
“Unmoved By Murder Charge.” The Daily Telegraph. 7/17/1931, p.7. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/246707151?searchTerm=Phyllis%20Symons.
Wallbank, Mark. “The Lyttelton Ghost Girl.” Paranormal New Zealand. 7/9/2022. https://hauntedauckland.com/site/the-lyttelton-ghost-girl/.
“Who Killed Frederick Fisher.” The Evening News. 9/25/1925, p.8. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/201397100?searchTerm=Frederick%20Fisher.
“Why Worrall Went to the Gallows.” Morning Bulletin. 9/28/1925, p.5. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/54312749?searchTerm=George%20Worrall.
“The Winton Child Murders.” Otago Daily Times. 9/3/1895, p.3. https://www.newspapers.com/image/890516359/?match=1&terms=Minnie%20Dean.
“The Winton Murder Case.” Temuka Leader, Issue 2825, 6/6/1895, p.4. https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/TEML18950606.2.22?query=minnie%20dean.
Sources from Lore 300
“3 Women And Girl Declared To Be Insane.” San Francisco Chronicle. March 5, 1920. https://www.newspapers.com/image/27414734/
“Accused Wife Blames Ouija For Quarrel.” The Sacramento Star. June 14, 1923. https://www.newspapers.com/image/606611057/
“Admits Affair With Neighbor, Wounds Wife.” The Hutchinson News. April 3, 1935. https://www.newspapers.com/image/17152803/
“Aged Ouija Board Murderess Planning Insanity Defense.” Sunday News [New York, New York]. March 16, 1930. https://www.newspapers.com/image/412836335/
“Answered A Call To Die.” The Boston Globe. May 18, 1900. https://www.newspapers.com/image/428545826/
“Artist May Go On Stand Today.” Buffalo Evening News. March 24, 1930. https://www.newspapers.com/image/837958252/
“Authorities Searching For Driver Of Death Automobile.” Daily Gazette-Martinez. December 26, 1919. https://www.newspapers.com/image/745513975/
Barker, Ama. “A Primitive Woman Plots to Win Her Man.” Sunday News [New York, New York]. March 30, 1930. https://www.newspapers.com/image/412836917/
“Beautiful Widow Convicted In Ouija Board Death Plot.” St. Louis Star-Times. June 11, 1934. https://www.newspapers.com/image/205515725/
Berridge, Robert. “Ouija Does It.” The Saturday Evening Post. February 22, 2012. https://www.saturdayeveningpost.com/2012/02/ouija/
Blom, Jan Dirk, Iris E. C. Sommer, Sanne Koops, & Oliver W. Sacks. “Prosopometamorphopsia and facial hallucinations.” The Lancet 384(9958), November 29, 2014: p. 1998.
Blom, Jan Dirk, Bastiaan C. ter Meulen, Jitze Dool, & Dominic H. Ffytche. “A century of prosopometamorphopsia studies.” Cortex 139, June 2021: pp. 298-308.
Cassie, Ron. “Not Dead Yet.” Baltimore Magazine. October 2015. https://www.baltimoremagazine.com/section/artsentertainment/the-dark-and-fascinating-history-of-the-ouija-board-baltimore-origins/
Cole, Dorian. “S-T-R-O-N-G: Investigating the History of the Ouija Board at The Strong Museum.” The Strong National Museum of Play. June 14, 2024. https://www.museumofplay.org/blog/s-t-r-o-n-g-investigating-the-history-of-the-ouija-board-at-the-strong-museum/
“Confession Told At Jimerson Trial.” The Detroit Free Press. February 24, 1931. https://www.newspapers.com/image/97824341/
Cost, Ben. “28 girls hospitalized with ‘anxiety’ after playing with Ouija board.” New York Post. March 8, 2023. https://nypost.com/2023/03/07/28-girls-hospitalized-for-anxiety-after-ouija-board-game/
Cousino, Meghan Barrett. “Dorothea Turley.” The National Registry of Exonerations. [n.d.] https://www.law.umich.edu/special/exoneration/Pages/casedetailpre1989.aspx?caseid=339
“Curse Given In Will Of Alleged Woman Slayer.” The Sacramento Bee. June 13, 1923. https://www.newspapers.com/image/616973849/
“‘Death The Way Out.’” The Kansas City Star. April 5, 1935. https://www.newspapers.com/image/657017325/
“Diary Introduced In Murder Trial Of Mrs. Murdock.” The Sacramento Bee. June 14, 1923. https://www.newspapers.com/image/616974001/
“El Cerrito’s History.” The City of El Cerrito. [n.d.] https://www.el-cerrito.org/365/History
“El Cerrito Ouija Zealots Kept Woman Prisoner In Mystery House, Police Told.” Oakland Tribune. March 4, 1920. https://www.newspapers.com/image/82586193/
“Experts Disagree On Defendant’s Sanity; Death Statement Introduced In Evidence.” Oroville Daily Register. June 16, 1923. https://www.newspapers.com/image/610255886/
“Former Beauty Queen To Seek Freedom In Shooting Case.” Arizona Republic. December 15, 1933. https://www.newspapers.com/image/117082950/
“Former ‘Venus’ Pins Hope On State Supreme Court.” The Daily Gleaner [Fredricton, NB]. May 23, 1936. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1099950755/
“Four Held Insane In El Cerrito Ouija Case.” Richmond Independent. March 5, 1920. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1035922538/
García, Laura Carvajal. “Video: Juego de La ouija envía al hospital a 36 estudiantes en Timbiquí, Cauca.” RED+. July 8, 2023. https://redmas.com.co/mas-viral/Video-Juego-de-La-ouija-envia-al-hospital-a-36-estudiantes-en-Timbiqui-Cauca-20230708-0002.html
Gibbs, Anna. “Here’s what distorted faces can look like to people with prosopometamorphopsia.” ScienceNews. March 21, 2024. https://www.sciencenews.org/article/distorted-faces-prosopometamorphopsia
“Girl Ouija Slayer Tells How Mother Incited Her to Kill.” The San Francisco Examiner. June 1, 1934. https://www.newspapers.com/image/458137353/
Gjebre, Bill. “Ouija riot baffles police.” The Miami News. October 26, 1979. https://www.newspapers.com/image/302498354/
“Halloween early at Miami school.” The Grand Island Sunday Independent. October 28, 1979. https://www.newspapers.com/image/989065008/
“Herbert Hurd Will Face A Murder Charge.” Bartlesville Enterprise. April 6, 1935. https://www.newspapers.com/image/742539730/
“Highway Speeder Leaves Dying Girl.” Richmond Daily Independent. December 26, 1919. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1035980138/
“How ‘Sassafras Charlie’s’ Ghost Hunt Led to Killing Of Artist’s Wife Near Buffalo.” St. Louis Post-Dispatch. March 23, 1930. https://www.newspapers.com/image/138651864/
“Hurd’s Foster Daughter May Face Charges.” Kansas City Journal-Post. April 5, 1935. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1024064826/
“Indicate Belief In Torture Tale Of Wife Slayer.” Chicago Daily Tribune. April 5, 1935. https://www.newspapers.com/image/355188515/
“K.C. Man Who Killed His Wife Charges Daughter With Torture.” San Angelo Standard-Times. April 7, 1935. https://www.newspapers.com/image/780450564/
LaMotte, Sandee. “‘It’s like staring at demons’: Meet a man who lives with a disturbing condition.” CNN. March 22, 2024. https://www.cnn.com/2024/03/22/health/demon-faces-prosopometamorphopsia-wellness
“Le vittime dell’ouija escono dall’ospedale.” La Voce Del Popolo [San Francisco, CA]. April 17, 1920. https://www.newspapers.com/image/930317355/
“Leaves For Prison.” The Sacramento Bee. June 26, 1923. https://www.newspapers.com/image/616975545/
“Leila Shouts Denial As Her Confession Is Read In Court By Police; Marchand Soon On Stand.” Buffalo Evening News. March 27, 1930. https://www.newspapers.com/image/837962114/
Levins, Peter. “What Has Happened To Justice?” Sunday News [New York, New York]. September 27, 1931. https://www.newspapers.com/image/414662233/
“Man Shot By Daughter Tells Story Here Of Alleged Crime Motive.” Arizona Republic. December 22, 1933. https://www.newspapers.com/image/117085470/
“‘Manslaughter’ Is Verdict Given In Ouija Murder.” The Long Beach Telegram. June 17, 1923. https://www.newspapers.com/image/608633069/
“Mattie Turley Suit Is Filed.” Arizona Republic. April 19, 1938. https://www.newspapers.com/image/116874576/
“Mattie Turley Wins Freedom.” The Arizona Daily Star. December 1, 1936. https://www.newspapers.com/image/169417043/
“May Pass Law Upon Ouija Board Mania.” Pasadena Star-News. March 13, 1920. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1170598403/
McCart, Maggie, as told to Luke Winkie. “I See Demon Faces Everywhere.” Slate. May 11, 2024. https://slate.com/life/2024/05/demon-face-syndrome-what-is-prosopometamorphopsia-rare-disease.html
“Mrs. Murdock Is Given Parole From Prison.” Oroville Daily Register. October 6, 1925. https://www.newspapers.com/image/610687791/
Murch, Robert. “Customer Letters.” WilliamFuld.com. [n.d.] https://www.williamfuld.com/ouija_letters.html
Murch, Robert. “Detailed History of William Fuld and the Ouija Board.” WilliamFuld.com. [n.d.] https://www.williamfuld.com/ouija1.html
Murch, Robert. “Factories.” WilliamFuld.com. [n.d.] https://www.williamfuld.com/ouija_factories_kennard.html
Murch, Robert. “Fuld Family Feud.” WilliamFuld.com. [n.d.] https://www.williamfuld.com/familytree_fuldfeud.html
Murch, Robert. “William Fuld.” WilliamFuld.com. [n.d.] https://www.williamfuld.com/biography.html
“A Murderer’s Soul Comes Back To Earth.” The Leavenworth Times. February 3, 1900. https://www.newspapers.com/image/76611810/
“Murderer’s Spirit In His Body.” The Record [Brockwayville, PA]. https://www.newspapers.com/image/346610232/
“The Ouija Again Spelled Death!” The Minneapolis Sunday Tribune. September 29, 1935. https://www.newspapers.com/image/183120160/
“Ouija Board Branded as Public Menace By Doctors and Clergy.” Richmond Independent. March 5, 1920. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1035922538/
“Ouija Board Consulted In Slaying Mate.” The San Bernardino Daily Sun. June 14, 1923. https://www.newspapers.com/image/49479792/
“Ouija Board Drives Four Women Insane.” The Buffalo Sunday Times. March 14, 1920. https://www.newspapers.com/image/441073791/
“Ouija Board Drives Two More Insane.” San Francisco Chronicle. March 6, 1920. https://www.newspapers.com/image/27415566/
“Ouija Board, Ella Wheeler Wilcox’s Life Guide, Made In Baltimore.” The Evening Sun [Baltimore, MD]. November 4, 1919. https://www.newspapers.com/image/368048971/
“Ouija Board Figures In Murder Trial.” Vallejo Times-Herald. June 14, 1923. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1035067900/
“Ouija Board Maker Killed.” The Evening Journal [Wilmington, DE]. February 25, 1927. https://www.newspapers.com/image/160190008/
“Ouija Board Nuts Are Jailed.” Richmond News. March 4, 1920. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1175790099/
“Ouija Board Victims Freed From Asylum.” San Francisco Examiner. April 16, 1920. https://www.newspapers.com/image/457753930/
“The Ouija Incident - When El Cerrito Went Insane - By Chris Sterba.” YouTube, uploaded by El Cerrito Historical Society. February 13, 2023. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tH2pn2A_btA
“Ouija To Be Banned From Sacramento.” The San Francisco Examiner. March 9, 1920. https://www.newspapers.com/image/457597061/
Peril, Lynn. “Planet of Peril (7).” HiLoBrow. August 25, 2016. https://www.hilobrow.com/2016/08/25/planet-of-peril-7/
“Question Sanity Of Seven.” Richmond Daily Independent. March 4, 1920. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1035922210/
“Rothe Hurls Bombshell At Prison Board.” Oroville Daily Register. October 7, 1925. https://www.newspapers.com/image/610687815/
“Sarah E. Griffin.” Find a Grave. [n.d.] https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/204364437/sarah-e-griffin
“‘The Scandal of the Century’ — The Murder of Clothilde Marchand.” Forest Lawn. March 9, 2019. https://forest-lawn.com/blog/2019/03/09/the-scandal-of-the-century-the-murder-of-clothilde-marchand/
Schmidt, Nicole. “Demon Face Syndrome (Prosopometamorphopsia).” WebMD. November 25, 2024. https://www.webmd.com/brain/prosopometamorphopsia
Schneck, Robert Damon. Mrs. Wakeman Vs. the Antichrist: And Other Strange-But-True Tales From American History (Jeremy P. Tarcher/Penguin, 2014).
Sommer, Mark. “Murder, Adultery, Witchcraft!” The Buffalo News. April 25, 2010. https://www.newspapers.com/image/878669896/
“Spiritualist Leader Commits Suicide.” The Scranton Times. May 18, 1900. https://www.newspapers.com/image/534523750/
“Squaw Tells of Slaying Artist’s Wife After Admission of Witchery.” The Roanoke Times. March 27, 1930. https://www.newspapers.com/image/911999516/
Tunnell, Julie. “City of El Cerrito Contra Costa County Census Data: 1920-2020.” Metropolitan Transportation Commission. December 2021. https://files.mtc.ca.gov/library/pub/48117_Place_ElCerritoCity.pdf
“Turley v. State of Arizona.” Arizona Supreme Court. June 29, 1936. https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/3253144/turley-v-state-of-arizona/
“Vicar Calms Ouija Board Hysteria.” Evening Leader [Wrexham, Wales]. November 30, 1990. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1191654045/
“When El Cerrito Went ‘Insane’: The Ouija-Mania Incident of 1920.” El Cerrito Historical Society. [n.d.] https://www.elcerritohistoricalsociety.org/ouija-mania
“Whole Town Crazy.” Abilene Weekly Chronicle. March 10, 1920. https://www.newspapers.com/image/384190088/
“Wm. Fuld Is Killed In Fall From Roof.” The Sun [Baltimore, MD]. February 25, 1927. https://www.newspapers.com/image/373303453/
“Woman Accused Of ‘Torturing’ Mate Dies Today.” Carthage Evening Press. April 4, 1935. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1003456118/
“Woman Held As Murderess To Face Trial.” Oroville Daily Register. May 3, 1923. https://www.newspapers.com/image/610253309/
“The Worm Turned At Last.” Pittsburgh Sun-Telegraph. May 26, 1935. https://www.newspapers.com/image/524147787/
Sources from Legends 73
Krappe, Alexander H. “The Lunar Frog.” Folklore 51, no. 3 (1940): 161–71. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1256685.
Sillitoe, Paul, and Mahbub Alam. “Fornicating Frogs: Local Knowledge of Climate Change in Bangladesh?” In The Anthroposcene of Weather and Climate: Ethnographic Contributions to the Climate Change Debate, edited by Paul Sillitoe, 87–123. Berghahn Books, 2022. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv29sfz69.9.
“Assam: Locals Resort to Age-Old Tradition of Frog Wedding to Please Rain Gods.” Organiser, 19 Mar. 2024, organiser.org/2024/03/19/228093/bharat/assam-locals-resort-to-age-old-tradition-of-frog-wedding-to-please-rain-gods/. Accessed 12 June 2025.
https://www.newspapers.com/article/alexandria-gazette-burning-bride-of-alex/137350788/
https://boundarystones.weta.org/2018/10/22/phantoms-north-fairfax-street
https://www.nbcwashington.com/news/local/haunted-candy-shops-perfect-for-the-holiday/1881991/
https://www.nbcwashington.com/news/local/3-of-alexandrias-spookiest-ghost-stories/30408/
“The Haunting of Galveston Island.” Valley Morning Star. October 31, 2016, Mon Page 24 https://www.newspapers.com/image/286687534/?terms=%22hotel%20galvez%22%20audra&match=1
“Our Grand History.” Grand Galvez Hotel. https://grandgalvez.com/history/
Maca, Kathleen. A History of the Hotel Galvez. Charleston: The History Press, 2021. Accessed on Google Books. https://www.google.com/books/edition/History_of_the_Hotel_Galvez_A/99AHEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&printsec=frontcover
“Hotel Galveston.” Wikipedia. Last edited April 22, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotel_Galvez
“Haunted Facts About Grand Galvez.” Grand Galvez Hotel. https://grandgalvez.com/ghost-tours/#popup-ghost
“Farmer Loses Round in ‘Ghost Bride’ Suit.” Wilkes-Barre Times Leader. November 8, 1927. https://www.newspapers.com/image/395393634/?terms=%22ghost%20bride%22&match=1
“Farmer Tells of His Ghost Bride.” The Boston Globe. November 4, 1927. https://www.newspapers.com/image/430580380/?terms=%22ghost%20bride%22&match=1
“Married A Spook – Now Sues the Medium Matchmaker.” The San Francisco Examiner. July 10, 1927. https://www.newspapers.com/image/458157827/?terms=%22ghost%20bride%22&match=1
Sources from Lore 299
“1935 Olympic Auction Catalogue.” Encyclopedia Titanica. [n.d.] https://www.encyclopedia-titanica.org/store/product/1935-olympic-dispersal-auction-catalogue/
“2 Striking New Books.” The Occult Review. February 1929. http://iapsop.com/archive/materials/occult_review/occult_review_v49_n2_feb_1929_for_c_w.pdf
“Amended Claim of Margaret Brown.” National Archives Catalog. December 31, 1912. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/6210870?objectPage=5
Bancroft, James W. The Titanic Disaster: Omens, Mysteries and Misfortunes of the Doomed Liner (Pen & Sword Books, 2023).
Behe, George. Titanic: Psychic Forewarnings of a Tragedy (The Aquarian Press, 1989).
Brockell, Gillian. “Two prominent men died on the Titanic. Were they secretly a couple?” The Washington Post. August 7, 2022. https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2022/08/07/francis-millet-archibald-butt-titanic/
Brown, David G. “Titanic : Time Altered.” Encyclopedia Titanica. June 11, 2010. https://www.encyclopedia-titanica.org/titanic-time-altered.html
Brown, Diana. “The Truth Behind the Most Bizarre Titanic Conspiracies.” HowStuffWorks. October 31, 2017. https://history.howstuffworks.com/history-vs-myth/colossal-conspiracies-about-why-titanic-sank.htm
Cain, Áine. “Years before the Titanic sank, two mysterious books were published that seemed to predict the disaster.” Business Insider. April 15, 2018. https://www.businessinsider.com/titanics-books-predicted-disaster-2018-4
Carrothers, John Carroll. “The Titanic Disaster.” Proceedings 88(4), April 1962. https://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/1962/april/titanic-disaster
“Cats on the Titanic.” Encyclopedia Titanica. April 29, 2024. https://www.encyclopedia-titanica.org/cats-on-the-titanic.html
“Col. Gracie Dies, Haunted By Titanic.” The New York Times. December 5, 1912. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1912/12/05/issue.html
Daugherty, Greg. “What Was the Titanic’s Captain Doing While the Ship Sank?” History. May 28, 2025. https://www.history.com/articles/titanic-captain-edward-smith-final-hours-death
Debczak, Michele. “The Legend of Jenny, the ‘Titanic’ Cat Said to Have Predicted the Ship's Fate.” Mental Floss. April 4, 2022. https://www.mentalfloss.com/history/titanic/jenny-titanic-cat
Dessem, Matthew. “One Month After the Titanic Sank, the Washington Post Suggested a Mummy’s Curse Was to Blame.” Slate. October 14, 2018. https://slate.com/culture/2018/10/mummy-curse-titanic-sinking-washington-post-article.html
“Fact Check: Revived Titanic-Olympic ‘switch’ conspiracy sunk by ships’ differences.” Reuters. July 14, 2023. https://www.reuters.com/article/fact-check/revived-titanic-olympic-switch-conspiracy-sunk-by-ships-differences-idUSL1N3901R9/
Finefield, Kristi. “The Waifs of the Deep: Titanic Survivors.” Library of Congress Blogs. April 13, 2012. https://blogs.loc.gov/picturethis/2012/04/the-waifs-of-the-deep-titanic-survivors/
“Futility: how a novel foreshadowed the sinking of the Titanic.” Royal Museums Greenwich. October 3, 2017. https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/blog/library-archive/futility-how-novel-foreshadowed-sinking-titanic
“‘Ghost of the Titanic’: Vengeance Of Hoodoo Mummy Followed Man Who Wrote Its History.” The Washington Post. May 12, 1912. https://www.newspapers.com/image/28962459/
Hollmuller, Anne. “A Sympathy of Mind Which Is Most Unusual: Two Men on the Titanic.” Boundary Stones. January 29, 2025. https://boundarystones.weta.org/2018/02/14/sympathy-mind-which-most-unusual-two-men-titanic
“Hope Diamond Again.” The National Advocate [Bathurst, NSW]. July 9, 1912. https://www.newspapers.com/image/949968572/
“Hope Diamond Not On Titanic.” Newark Evening Star. April 19, 1912. https://www.newspapers.com/image/877019718/
Hurwood, Bernhardt J. Strange Talents (Ace Books, 1967).
“Joseph Mulholland.” Encyclopedia Titanica. December 26, 2020. https://www.encyclopedia-titanica.org/titanic-biography/joseph-mulholland.html
Keefe, Terry. Premonitions of the Titanic Disaster (Matador, 2021).
Layton, J. Kent. “Titanic – A Maiden Voyage Timeline.” Atlantic Liners. [n.d.] https://atlanticliners.com/white_star_home/titanic_home/titanic-a-maiden-voyage-timeline/
Layton, J. Kent. “Titanic: Switched at Birth?” Atlantic Liners. [n.d.] https://atlanticliners.com/white_star_home/titanic_home/titanic-faqs-sisters-switched/
Little, Becky. “The Craziest Titanic Conspiracy Theories, Explained.” History. May 28, 2025. https://www.history.com/articles/titanic-sinking-conspiracy-myths-jp-morgan-olympic
Lord, Walter. A Night to Remember (Bantam Books, 1997).
Lord, Walter. The Night Lives On (William Morrow and Company, 1986).
Middleton, J. Connon. “Premonitory Dream.” In Journal of the Society for Psychical Research, Volume XV (Society for Psychical Research, 1911-1912).
Mikkelson, Barbara, and David Mikkelson. “Did a Cursed Mummy Sink with the Titanic?” Snopes. October 9, 1999. https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/mummy-titantic/
Mikkelson, David. “Titanic No Pope.” Snopes. July 19, 2000. https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/pope-and-circumstance/
“Myths of ‘Titanic’ proportions: the Devil’s code, prescient dreams and a ‘hole in time.’” Sputnik International. March 28, 2012. https://sputnikglobe.com/20120328/172421220.html
“The New York Incident.” Encyclopedia Titanica. [n.d.] https://www.encyclopedia-titanica.org/the-new-york-incident.html
“Object: Object: The Unlucky Mummy.” The British Museum. [n.d.] https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/Y_EA22542
Omang, Joanne. “Research Ship May Have to Halt Effort to Locate the Titanic.” The Washington Post. August 16, 1980. https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1980/08/17/research-ship-may-have-to-halt-effort-to-locate-the-titanic/3a491f74-709b-480d-9a6c-ea0081a0a418/
O’Neill, Claire. “Louis And Lump: Tiny Tots Saved At Sea.” NPR. April 18, 2012. https://www.npr.org/sections/pictureshow/2012/04/18/150799600/louis-and-lump-tiny-tots-saved-at-sea
Rinicker, Jenna. “Serve and Protect: Margaret Brown’s Ushabti.” Molly Brown House Museum. [n.d.] https://mollybrown.org/ushabti/
“RMS Titanic Facts.” Royal Museums Greenwich. [n.d.] https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/maritime-history/rms-titanic-facts
Sedgwick, Elisabeth. “10 Creepy Premonitions About The Sinking Of The Titanic.” Listverse. October 30, 2019. https://listverse.com/2019/10/30/10-creepy-premonitions-about-the-sinking-of-the-titanic/
“Some premonitions about the fate of the Titanic.” Look and Learn. June 9, 2011. https://www.lookandlearn.com/blog/9712/some-premonitions-about-the-fate-of-the-titanic/
Sowden, Wilfred Rex. Ghosts Seen and Heard (Arthur H. Stockwell, 1928).
“Stead Last Victim Of Hoodoo Mummy.” The Inter Ocean [Chicago]. April 28, 1912. https://www.newspapers.com/image/34575967/
Stead, W.T., recorded by Pardoe Woodman and Estelle Stead. The Blue Island: Experiences of a New Arrival Beyond the Veil (Hutchinson & Co., 1922).
“Tale Of Old Sea Dog.” The Kalgoorlie Miner. July 24, 1912. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1140808301/
“Thinks Capt. Smith Is Alive.” The New York Times. July 21, 1912. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1912/07/21/100587392.html?pageNumber=1
Tikkanen, Amy. “Titanic.” Britannica. May 27, 2025. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Titanic
“Titanic and Carnegie Hall: Andrew Carnegie Loses a Close Friend.” Carnegie Hall. [n.d.] https://www.carnegiehall.org/Blog/2012/04/Titanic-and-Carnegie-Hall-Andrew-Carnegie-Loses-a-Close-Friend
“Titanic sunk faster than thought.” PhysOrg.com. December 12, 2005. https://phys.org/news/2005-12-titanic-sunk-faster-thought.html
Trickey, Erick. “Fact-checking QAnon conspiracy theories: Did J.P. Morgan sink the Titanic?” The Washington Post. August 4, 2018. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2018/08/04/how-j-p-morgan-didnt-sink-the-titanic-and-other-qanon-conspiracy-theories-debunked/
Turner, Timothy PD. “RMS Titanic: The Titanic Curse.” Titanic and Co. [n.d.] https://www.titanicandco.com/titanic/titaniccurse.html
Tyler, Adrienne, Stephen Barker and Tom Russell. “Titanic True Story: The Real Diamond Rose's Heart Of The Ocean Necklace Is Based On.” ScreenRant. February 22, 2024. https://screenrant.com/titanic-movie-rose-necklace-real-heart-ocean-diamond/
Tymn, Michael. Transcending the Titanic: Beyond Death’s Door (White Crow Books, 2012).
Vincent, Emily. “Ghostly Messages from Beyond the Titanic: W.T. Stead, Spiritualism, and The Blue Island.” The Victorianist: BAVS Postgraduates. May 4, 2020. https://victorianist.wordpress.com/2020/05/04/ghostly-messages-from-beyond-the-titanic-w-t-stead-spiritualism-and-the-blue-island/
Wallace, Lorna. “10 Wild Conspiracy Theories About the Sinking of the ‘Titanic.’” Mental Floss. February 2, 2024. https://www.mentalfloss.com/history/titanic/titanic-conspiracy-theories
Sources from Legends 72
“Air Force Man Talks With “Spaceman.” Greater Oregon. 11/11/1966, p.5. https://www.newspapers.com/image/565967374/?fcfToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJmcmVlLXZpZXctaWQiOjU2NTk2NzM3NCwiaWF0IjoxNzQ3NzQzMzg1LCJleHAiOjE3NDc4Mjk3ODV9.t-f6IjzIvQ88PL5jlRC50RnvL80PB-13ci5XmvvG2x8.
Albanese, Catherine L. “Exploring Regional Religion: A Case Study of the Eastern Cherokee.” History of Religions. Vol. 23, No. 4, 1984, pp.344-371. JSTOR. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1062645.
Barton, Benjamin Smith. New Views of the Origins of the Tribes and Nations of America. Philadelphia: John Bioren, 1798. Digital. https://www.google.com/books/edition/New_Views_of_the_Origin_of_the_Tribes_an/hBtsnS1pTvYC?hl=en&gbpv=1.
Carey, Bill. “Prophet of Oak Ridge.” The Tennessee Magazine. 11/1/2016. https://www.tnmagazine.org/prophet-of-oak-ridge/.
Carey, Liz. “Local Lore: Woodrow Derenberger and the Legend of Indrid Cold.” The Winchester Sun. 6/20/2023. pp.B1, B2. https://www.newspapers.com/image/973796023/?fcfToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJmcmVlLXZpZXctaWQiOjk3Mzc5NjAyMywiaWF0IjoxNzQ3NjgzMDY1LCJleHAiOjE3NDc3Njk0NjV9.w79An8TdDQAiZVM6mFvT9kFjo0UnV4ULpChWLGR5_nM.
Clarke, David. “The Mothman of West Virginia: A Case Study in Legendary Storytelling.” North American Monsters: A Contemporary Legend Casebook, Edited by David J. Puglia, Louisville, Colorado: Utah State University Press, pp.266-281. https://shura.shu.ac.uk/24606/3/Clarke_Mothman_Of_West%28AM%29.pdf.
Darkness Prevails. Appalachian Folklore Unveiled: Mysterious Happenings of Folk Spirits and Mystic Shades From the Ancient Foothills. New York: Wellfleet Press, 2024. E-Book.
Emblidge, David. The Appalachian Trail Reader. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996. Digital. https://archive.org/details/appalachiantrail0000unse/mode/2up.
“Ethel Perrygold Hendrix.” Find A Grave. 6/3/2014. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/130812830/ethel_perrygold-hendrix.
Freeman, Lindsey A. Longing for the Bomb: Oak Ridge and Atomic Nostalgia. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2015. Digital. hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=John+Hendrix+Oak+Ridge+Prophet&pg=PP1&printsec=frontcover.
Fritze, Ronald. H. “Prince Madoc.” Encyclopedia of Alabama. Updated 3/27/2023. https://encyclopediaofalabama.org/article/prince-madoc/.
Gallant, Kristen. “The Terrifying Legend of Spearfinger As Told By A Cherokee Storyteller.” 6 News. Updated 10/31/2022. https://www.wate.com/haunted-tennessee/the-legend-of-spearfinger-monster-as-told-by-a-cherokee-storyteller/.
Haywood, John. The Natural and Aboriginal History of Tennessee, Up to the first Settlements Therein By the White People in the Year 1768. Nashville: George Wilson, 1823. Digital. https://ia902207.us.archive.org/24/items/naturalaborigina00hayw/naturalaborigina00hayw.pdf.
Hester, Drew. “Fort Mountain Rock Fort.” Atlas Obscura. 5/15/2018. https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/fort-mountain-state-park.
Holly, Nathaniel Francis. “The Plasticity of Place: The Lives of Cherokee Sacred Places and the Struggles to Protect Them.” Western Carolina University. March 2012. https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/47765998/Holly2012-libre.pdf?1470258962=&response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3DThe_plasticity_of_place_the_lives_of_Che.pdf&Expires=1747420487&Signature=P7DsMoEpAdh~T0XhmSPPOlhLhruJZCsdwNgj8fO7lXEBqqrciiJruygDbakeu1Ew3CoXyVULi4mdkAF1yA7awTGgR0-6Qoz7h5~Jt5mLZrAqOZ2Wu5rMwmtZVx5GArXIG4Ncds4asoxCsB-pYTRQwWGl86gLK21izVglr2WVffIoIxsag6qPrUMxkVIH3zCZvGHjFJzyxdXu0KKlYadnRk98-aZ6Jbdx41oqF3F2U5R5wzL4RQbIax4hmYX6-OXz21QadbHTW9QiN5L8H8hxtOlCKBcohiBSXgXDpaouTX8XJn1lkxIlpO2MiD2c-YpLltDfSzoIrvqdCSULLaqucQ__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA.
Hunter, Jerry. “Myth and Historiography: One Hundred and Sixty Years of Madog and the Madogwys.” The Yearbook of English Studies. Vol. 46, 2016, pp.37-55. JSTOR. https://doi.org/10.5699/yearenglstud.46.2016.0037.
“Indrid Cold.” Cryptid Wiki. n.d. https://cryptidz.fandom.com/wiki/Indrid_Cold.
“John Alfred Hendrix.” Find A Grave. 9/9/2016. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/169688134/john_alfred-hendrix.
Kass, Philip J. “The Fly in the Saucer.” The Morning Union. 3/16/1969, p.150. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1069610354/?fcfToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJmcmVlLXZpZXctaWQiOjEwNjk2MTAzNTQsImlhdCI6MTc0Nzc0MzQ3MywiZXhwIjoxNzQ3ODI5ODczfQ.dH8r3DHmjGn63P6U55UjyPiTP4hkfKbd_f2H6UT8dXw.
Keel, John A. The Complete Guide to Mysterious Beings. n.d. PDF. https://galaksija.com/literatura/guide.pdf.
Keel, John A. The Mothman Prophecies: An Investigation into the Mysterious American Visits of the Infamous Feathery Garuda. New York: Saturday Review Press, 1975.
King, Duane H. and King, Laura H. “The Mythico-Religious Origin of the Cherokees.” Appalachian Journal. Vol. 2, No. 4, 1975, pp.258-264. JSTOR. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40932058.
Lawrence, Beth. “Appalachia’s Lost Colony The Mystery of the Moon Eyed Settlers.” The Sylva Herald. Updated 10/25/2023. https://www.thesylvaherald.com/news/article_63be7a46-193a-11eb-bcb1-9b6452791b80.html.
“Legends of Fort Mountain.” The Historical Marker Database. 2025. https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=11590.
Lew, Jane. “Saucermania His Specialty.” The Kalamazoo Gazette. 7/2/1979, p.14. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1149122421/?fcfToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJmcmVlLXZpZXctaWQiOjExNDkxMjI0MjEsImlhdCI6MTc0NzY4MzA4NCwiZXhwIjoxNzQ3NzY5NDg0fQ.oy65ELBlKwQOsiLdDLpJdK_R5vbGNh2k-eFj8IQPYPc.
“Man Reports Talk With ‘Spaceman.’” Courier-Post. 11/4/1966, p.3. https://www.newspapers.com/image/180920685/?fcfToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJmcmVlLXZpZXctaWQiOjE4MDkyMDY4NSwiaWF0IjoxNzQ3NzQzMzE5LCJleHAiOjE3NDc4Mjk3MTl9.gzVO1OPgqMdBknEjbq_yaZxCkaPiSNVs2J0MIDBRVac.
Mark, Joshua J. “U’tlûñ’ta, the Spear-Finger.” World History Encyclopedia. 12/9/2024. https://www.worldhistory.org/article/2585/utlunta-the-spear-finger/#:~:text=U%CA%BBtl%C3%BB%C3%B1%E2%80%B2t%C4%83%20is%20similar%20to%20the%20Basket%20Ogress,carrying%20them%20away%20in%20her%20great%20basket.
Meares, Hadley. “Who Were the Mysterious Moon-Eyed People of Appalachia?” Atlas Obscura. 10/22/2024. https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/moon-eyed-people-appalachia.
Miller, Carol. “Thomas King: Shifting Shapes to Tell Another Story.” The Native American Renaissance: Literary Imagination and Achievement, Edited by Alan R. Velie and A. Robert Lee. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2013, pp.161-173. Digital. https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Native_American_Renaissance/afENAgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=cultural+significance+of+Spearfinger&pg=PA161&printsec=frontcover.
Mizrach, Steven. “The Para-Anthropology of UFO Abductions: The Case For the UTH.” Paranthropology: Journal of Anthropological Approaches to the Paranormal. Vol. 4, No. 2. April 2013. pp.4-18. https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/31680898/Paranthropology_Vol_4_No_2-libre.pdf?1392464287=&response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3DParanthropology_Journal_of_Anthropologic.pdf&Expires=1747746407&Signature=dHI0OjYPgZ9dCfXLVVR6KXJkL~Q~kEZGw30yAYD8KaoGSs1G8fu~ajIjntD1NqZYgldyXKYIvrQi9BQSD5H8pXzjumm2WaCju6Cfpum43FJn8q0e3Y9rbB12fx~i-Vo8v4XgMpVi5iI~LFcoBE4WzCZXSZreoHgYecKVDl0eeYzd8~u711N0wNFIwJDNQ2Atq33oZQx6zYXvrny8xyLPb34ol2RpUNcPutDWo9RmKaV13HAjn5Hy3fu7AHkxopqNc1IohLUbEJohhhsuNjgGWzsV9hrBNklvkL2JGcoOuLHAOvEvPMXHKIbFwDjNdee8mWkJIR7jagYjLOZxwq7S4A__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA.
Mooney, James. Myths of the Cherokee. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1902. Digital. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/45634/45634-h/45634-h.htm#s124.
“The Moon-Eyed People (Murphy, NC).” Strange Carolinas. 10/7/2019. https://www.strangecarolinas.com/2019/10/the-moon-eyed-people-effigy-murphy-nc.html.
Muncy, Mark and Schultz, Kari. Eerie Appalachia. Charleston: The History Press, 2022. Digital. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Eerie_Appalachia_Smiling_Man_Indrid_Cold/x19qEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1.
Norton, Terry L. Cherokee Myths and legends: Thirty Tales Retold. Jefferson: McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 2014. E-book.
“Our Hidden Past: The Prophet of Oak Ridge (Captioned).” Y-12 National Security Complex. 2025. https://www.y12.doe.gov/library/video/our-hidden-past-prophet-oak-ridge-captioned.
“Parkersburg Salesman Speaks With Spaceman.” The Raleigh Register. 11/4/1966, pp.1, 2. https://www.newspapers.com/image/48011058/?fcfToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJmcmVlLXZpZXctaWQiOjQ4MDExMDU4LCJpYXQiOjE3NDc3NDM0MDMsImV4cCI6MTc0NzgyOTgwM30.EbPITWXoKpVoP7B9yUZr4dRmClbKLMX32xTKOR20FOU.
“The Prophet of Oak Ridge’s Grave.” Atlas Obscura. 3/28/2019. https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/the-prophet-of-oak-ridges-grave.
Roberts, Nancy. Ghosts of the Southern Mountains and Appalachia. Garden City: University of South Carolina Press, 1978. Digital. https://archive.org/details/ghostsofsouthern0000robe/mode/2up.
Robinson, Jr., George O. The Oak Ridge Story: The Saga of a People Who share in History. Kingsport: Southern Publishers, Inc., 1950. Digital. https://archive.org/details/oakridgestorysag00robirich/mode/2up.
“A Search For the Moon-Eyed Men of Fort Mountain.” The Chattanooga News. 9/1/1923, p.20. https://www.newspapers.com/image/603423251/?fcfToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJmcmVlLXZpZXctaWQiOjYwMzQyMzI1MSwiaWF0IjoxNzQ3MTM3NjYyLCJleHAiOjE3NDcyMjQwNjJ9.Vtx6GU9yKKG5aXBnCPZmzIdRrZ9oRUC_LIj9sy-Nr_M.
Seeber, Clifford. “From Acorns to Atoms.” The Antioch Review, Vol. 12, No. 3, 1952, pp.363-380. JSTOR. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4609580.
Smith, D. Ray. “Find Out What the Great-Grandson of John Hendrix, the Prophet of Oak Ridge, Revealed.” Oak Ridger. 6/5/2024. https://www.oakridger.com/story/lifestyle/2024/06/05/john-hendrix-the-prophet-of-oak-ridge-revealed-in-a-new-book/73958798007/.
Smith, D. Ray. John Hendrix Story. D. Ray Smith, 2009. E-book.
Smith, D. Ray. “John Hendrix: The Prophet of Oak Ridge.” Explore Oak Ridge. 2024. https://exploreoakridge.com/john-hendrix-the-prophet-of-oak-ridge/.
Stevenson, Peter. The Moon-Eyed People: Folk Tales From Welsh America. History Press Limited. Digital. https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Moon_Eyed_People/QknWDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA20&printsec=frontcover.
“The Story of Indrid Cold.” Spooky Appalachia. 1/12/2023. https://www.spookyappalachia.com/the-story-of-indrid-cold/.
Strom, Caleb. “Did a Welsh Prince Reach the New World before Columbus?” Ancient Origins. Updated 4/18/2017. https://www.ancient-origins.net/history-famous-people/did-welsh-prince-reach-new-world-columbus-007920.
“Swamp Gas, ‘Talking Spacemen’ Fill Records.” The Commercial Appeal. 2/28/1967, p.4. https://www.newspapers.com/image/770724122/?fcfToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJmcmVlLXZpZXctaWQiOjc3MDcyNDEyMiwiaWF0IjoxNzQ3NzQzNDQyLCJleHAiOjE3NDc4Mjk4NDJ9.2CraVPvppPxq4eZtmFD460sVwG0XlcNgXiAIUiANceg.
Taylor, Brett. “Prophet of Oppenheimer’s Atomic Bomb.” Skeptical Inquirer, Vol. 48, No. 2, March/April 2024. https://skepticalinquirer.org/2024/02/prophet-of-oppenheimers-atomic-bomb/
Thurmond, Gerald. “Pipe Dream: The wild Nantahala.” Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment. Vol. 12, No. 2, 2005, pp.213-228. JSTOR. ttp://www.jstor.org/stable/44086438.
“Tour Georgia State of Adventure.” The Forsyth County News. 11/20/1969, p.4. https://web.archive.org/web/20210204020235/https://gahistoricnewspapers.galileo.usg.edu/lccn/sn84007709/1969-11-20/ed-1/seq-4/print/image_554x817_from_77,205_to_3842,5750/.
“UFO ‘Seen’ In West Virginia.” Lubbock Avalanche-Journal. 11/16/1966, p.56. https://www.newspapers.com/image/13935571/?fcfToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJmcmVlLXZpZXctaWQiOjEzOTM1NTcxLCJpYXQiOjE3NDc3NDMzNjgsImV4cCI6MTc0NzgyOTc2OH0.CD6Tcn56IaSABZ2Nn9yHFWO9sumchOkgF3ylTIHed-c.
Visit Highlands, NC. “The Haunting of Whiteside Mountain: The Legend of Spearfinger.” Highlands North Carolina. 10/7/2024. https://www.highlandschamber.org/articles/post/haunted-highlands-the-legend-of-spearfinger/.
Vučković, Aleksa. “Exploring the Mysterious North American Moon-Eyed People Legend.” Ancient Origins. Updated 1/23/2022. https://www.ancient-origins.net/myths-legends-americas/moon-eyed-people-0016334.
Wager, Lionel. A New Voyage and Description of the Isthmus of America. Cleveland: The Burrows Brothers Company, 1903. Digital. https://archive.org/details/newvoyagedescrip00wafe/mode/2up.
Weiser, Kathy. “Legends of Fort Mountain, Georgia.” Legends of America. Updated February 2020. https://www.legendsofamerica.com/ga-fortmountain/.
“Woodrow Derenberger Talks About His 1966 UFO Sighting & Encounter With a Humanoid Named Indrid Cold.” Eyes On Cinema. 11/2/1966. Updated 9/14/2022. www.youtube.com/watch?v=QP_NFPjgCXA.
Sources from Lore 298
“1930’s Coin Operated Working Model - The Abbot's Treasure.” YouTube, uploaded by The Vintage Amusement Channel. February 27, 2020. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VMpU-QTC3Kc
“1930’s Coin Operated Working Model - Murder In The Museum.” YouTube, uploaded by The Vintage Amusement Channel. February 27, 2020. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-HCTi7zLWto
“Alma in the work of Oskar Kokoschka.” Alma Mahler on Stage. [n.d.] https://www.alma-mahler.at/engl/almas_life/alma_im_werk_kokoschkas.html
Anderson, Jocelyn. “Tipu’s Tiger.” Smarthistory. August 21, 2017. https://smarthistory.org/tipus-tiger/
Andrews, Evan. “7 Early Robots and Automatons.” History. May 27, 2025. https://www.history.com/articles/7-early-robots-and-automatons
Andrews, Evan. “How a Phony 18th-Century Chess Robot Fooled the World.” History. May 27, 2025. https://www.history.com/articles/how-a-phony-18th-century-chess-robot-fooled-the-world
“Automatic Flute Player (9th Century).” History Mesh. [n.d.] http://historymesh.com/object/automatic-flute-player/?story=automatons
“automaton.” Britannica. March 10, 2025. https://www.britannica.com/technology/automaton
“Automaton friar in action.” YouTube, uploaded by National Museum of American History. October 30, 2013. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kie96iRTq5M
“Automaton of a Friar.” National Museum of American History. [n.d.] https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/object/nmah_855351
Berryman, Sylvia. “Ancient Automata and Mechanical Explanation.” Phronesis 48(4), 2003: pp. 344-369.
Brett, Gerard. “The Automata in the Byzantine ‘Throne of Solomon.’” Speculum 29(3), July 1954: pp. 477-487.
Black, Annetta. “Canard Digérateur de Vaucanson (Vaucanson's Digesting Duck).” Atlas Obscura. January 30, 2010. https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/canard-digerateur-de-vaucanson-vaucansons-digesting-duck
Blakemore, Erin. “This Robotic Silver Swan Has Fascinated Fans for Nearly 250 Years.” Smithsonian Magazine. February 3, 2017. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/robotic-silver-swan-has-fascinated-fans-nearly-250-years-180962024/
Brassaï. The Artists of My Life (The Viking Press, 1982).
Brune, Adrian. “England's Unusual Boardwalk Fun.” Letter from a London Pub. March 8, 2023. https://londonletter.substack.com/p/englands-unusual-boardwalk-fun
“Canard Digérateur.” Vimeo, uploaded by doug goodwin. September 12, 2010. https://vimeo.com/14904318
Chakraborty, Rohit. “May I Borrow The Tiger Please?” Cherwell. May 21, 2018. https://cherwell.org/2018/05/21/may-i-borrow-the-tiger-please/
Cuervo, Maria J. Pérez. “Brazen Heads: The Curious Legend Behind Fortune-Telling Automata.” Mental Floss. December 1, 2017. https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/502537/brazen-heads-curious-legend-behind-fortune-telling-automata
Dalakov, Georgi. “Ctesibius of Alexandria – 280 BC.” Computer Timeline. [n.d.] http://www.computer-timeline.com/timeline/ctesibius-of-alexandria/
Dalakov, Georgi. “Pierre Jaquet-Droz.” Computer Timeline. [n.d.] http://www.computer-timeline.com/timeline/pierre-jaquet-droz/
Davis, Lauren. “This 450-year-old clockwork monk is fully operational.” Gizmodo. November 3, 2012. https://gizmodo.com/this-450-year-old-clockwork-monk-is-fully-operational-5956937
Defoe, Daniel. A Journal of the Plague Year (George Routledge and Sons, 1886).
Dukes, Hunter. “Oskar Kokoschka, Hermine Moos, and the Alma Mahler Doll.” The Public Domain Review. April 22, 2025. https://publicdomainreview.org/collection/alma-mahler-doll/
Elliott, Jenny. “How Three Sisters Revolutionized England’s Penny Arcades.” Atlas Obscura. July 23, 2024. https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/penny-arcade-dennison-sisters
“The English Execution: a coin operated automata or ‘working model’ machine.” Bonhams. [n.d.] https://www.bonhams.com/auction/30381/lot/138/the-english-execution-a-coin-operated-automata-or-working-model-machine-made-by-charles-ahrens-circa-1920s/
“The English Execution Musée Mécanique Fisherman’s Wharf San Francisco California.” YouTube, uploaded by kevinsyoza. October 31, 2021. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aGTZpzuTTiA
“Famous Automatons and Their Rich History.” M.S. Rau. June 11, 2021. https://rauantiques.com/blogs/canvases-carats-and-curiosities/automatons-and-their-rich-history?srsltid=AfmBOopxYV3bfQXH5GRe6g__duAathyVe8d6N5rUuuiDOeEUBSugLk1N
The Famous Historie of Fryer Bacon (G. Purslowe, 1627).
“February 11, 1738: Jacques de Vaucanson Exhibits Flute-playing Automaton.” APS News. February 1, 2018. https://www.aps.org/apsnews/2018/02/vaucanson-flute-playing-automaton
Fennell, Mark, and Nick Wiggins. “The tiger king and the stuff the British stole.” ABC Radio National. November 22, 2020. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-11-23/tipus-tiger-india-history-stuff-the-british-stole/12785512
Flanagan, Dan. “John K. Mitchell’s Automaton Chess Player.” Jefferson Alumni Magazine. June 23, 2022. https://magazine.jefferson.edu/issues/summer-2022/automaton-chess-player.html
Forster, Jack. “Watches, Automatons, ‘Soul,’ And The Digesting Duck Of Jacques de Vaucanson.” Hodinkee. May 10, 2016. https://www.hodinkee.com/articles/watches-automatons-soul-and-the-digesting-duck-of-jacques-de-vaucanson
Giannuzzi, Sofia. “Was Talos, the Bronze Automaton Who Guarded the Island of Crete in Greek Myth, an Early Example of Artificial Intelligence?” Smithsonian Magazine. April 22, 2025. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/was-talos-the-bronze-automaton-who-guarded-the-island-of-crete-in-greek-myth-an-early-example-of-artificial-intelligence-180986467/
Goldscheider, Ludwig. “Oskar Kokoschka.” Britannica. February 25, 2025. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Oskar-Kokoschka
“The History of Automata.” The MAD Museum. [n.d.] https://themadmuseum.co.uk/history-of-automata/
Hunkin, Tim. “Coin Operated Working Models.” The Under the Pier Show. [n.d.] https://www.underthepier.com/22_working%20models.htm
“The hydraulic automaton of the ‘chirping birds’ and of the ‘returning owl’ (3rd c. B.C.) – An exceptional automatism of repetitive spectacle with motion and sound production.” Kotsanas Museum of Ancient Greek Technology. [n.d.] https://kotsanas.com/en/the-hydraulic-automaton-of-the-chirping-birds-and-of-the-returning-owl-3rd-c-b-c-an-exceptional-automatism-of-repetitive-spectacle-with-motion-and-sound-prod/
Jaffe, Eric. “Old World, High Tech.” Smithsonian Magazine. December 2006. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/old-world-high-tech-141284744/
“The Jaquet-Droz Automata.” Neuchâtel Museum of Art and History. [n.d.] https://www.mahn.ch/en/expositions/automates-jaquet-droz
“Jaquet Droz_The Draughtsman.” YouTube, uploaded by Spiral Magazine游絲腕表雜誌. July 31, 2012. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MvFnFJp3iw4
“Jaquet Droz The Writer Automaton From 1774 In Action: Inspired Hugo Movie.” YouTube, uploaded by aBlogtoWatch. June 22, 2012. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ux2KW20nqHU
“John Dennison's Penny Arcade Machines.” My Learning. [n.d.] https://www.mylearning.org/stories/penny-arcade-machines_/1583?#
King, Elizabeth. “Clockwork Prayer: A Sixteenth-Century Mechanical Monk.” Blackbird. Spring 2002. https://blackbird-archive.vcu.edu/v1n1/nonfiction/king_e/prayer_introduction.htm
Koné, Christophe. Uncanny Creatures: Doll Thinking in Modern German Culture (University of Michigan Press, 2024).
“Leeds nostalgia: Abbey House's penny slot machines.” Yorkshire Evening Post. December 6, 2016. https://www.yorkshireeveningpost.co.uk/news/leeds-nostalgia-abbey-houses-penny-slot-machines-611140
Mangan, Michael. Performing Dark Arts: A Cultural History of Conjuring (Intellect Books, 2007).
McGreevy, Nora. “Archaeologists Map Ruins of Karakorum, Capital of the Mongol Empire, for the First Time.” Smithsonian Magazine. November 5, 2021. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/archaeologists-map-capital-of-mongolian-empire-for-the-first-time-180979007/
“Mechanical miracles: The rise of the automaton.” Christie’s. August 19, 2015. https://www.christies.com/en/stories/the-history-of-the-automaton-mechanical-miracles-191ab3c1b3c94bde9118321e83ae9537
Metzner, Paul. Crescendo of the Virtuoso: Spectacle, Skill, and Self-Promotion in Paris during the Age of Revolution (University of California Press, 1998).
Mindel, Nissan. “King Solomon's Throne.” Chabad.org. [n.d.] https://www.chabad.org/holidays/purim/article_cdo/aid/1345/jewish/King-Solomons-Throne.htm
Mingren, Wu. “Karakorum: A Silver Tree and Other Unique Elements of a 13th Century Mongol Capital.” Ancient Origins. October 10, 2018. https://www.ancient-origins.net/ancient-places-asia/karakorum-0010820
Mitchell, S.W. “The Automaton Chess Player.” The Chess World, Vol IV, 1869: pp. 1-4, 41-45.
Moran, Michael E. “Jacques de Vaucanson: The Father of Simulation.” Journal of Endourology 21(7), July 2007: pp. 679-683.
Morton, Ella. “Object of Intrigue: The Turk, a Mechanical Chess Player that Unsettled the World.” Atlas Obscura. August 18, 2015. https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/object-of-intrigue-the-turk
Nichols, Chelsea. “Tipu’s Tiger.” The Museum of Ridiculously Interesting Things. July 23, 2013. https://ridiculouslyinteresting.com/2013/07/23/tipus-tiger/
Norman, Jeremy M. “Automata Invented by Heron of Alexandria.” HistoryofInformation.com. [n.d.] https://www.historyofinformation.com/detail.php?id=10
Norman, Jeremy M. “Edgar Allan Poe Explains the Operation of von Kempelen's Turk, Comparing it to Babbage's Difference Engine No. 1.” [n.d.] https://www.historyofinformation.com/detail.php?id=5307
Norman, Jeremy M. “The Jacquet-Droz Automata.” HistoryofInformation.com. [n.d.] https://historyofinformation.com/detail.php?id=3891
Ord-Hume, Arthur W.J.G. “Tipu’s Tiger - Its History and Description.” Music & Automata 3(9), February 1987: pp. 21-31.
Peck, Michael. “The Impossible Bleeding Man: On the History and Mythology of Artificial Life.” Electric Lit. June 3, 2016. https://electricliterature.com/the-impossible-bleeding-man-on-the-history-and-mythology-of-artificial-life/
Price, Derek J. de Solla. “Automata and the Origins of Mechanism and Mechanistic Philosophy.” Technology and Culture 5(1), Winter 1964: pp. 9-23.
Rice, D.S. “A Drawing of the Fatimid Period.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London 21(1/3), 1958: pp. 31-39.
Rotaru, Leo. “The Silver Swan Story.” The Bowes Museum Blog. January 30, 2019. https://thebowesmuseum.org.uk/the-silver-swan-story/
Rubruck, William of, trans. William Woodville Rockhill. The Journey of William of Rudbruck to the Eastern Parts of the World, 1253-55 (Asian Educational Services, 1998).
“Saint Diego de Alcalá.” Find a Grave. [n.d.] https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/137281459/diego-de_alcalá
“The Silver Swan at The Bowes Museum.” YouTube, uploaded by Stephen Allport. February 16, 2016. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YM8uCsd_N0s
Soth, Amelia. “The Marvelous Automata of Antiquity.” JSTOR Daily. June 7, 2018. https://daily.jstor.org/the-marvelous-automata-of-antiquity/
“‘St. Dennistoun Mortuary’ Coin-Operated Automaton.” Bonhams Skinner. [n.d.] https://www.skinnerinc.com/auctions/2600M/lots/207
“‘St. Dennistoun Mortuary’ Coin-Operated Automaton, Attributed to Leonard Lee, c. 1900, Skinner Auctioneers, June 2, 2012.” Morbid Anatomy. May 15, 2012. https://morbidanatomy.blogspot.com/2012/05/st-dennistoun-mortuary-coin-operated.html
Stamp, Jimmy. “A Brief History of Robot Birds.” Smithsonian Magazine. May 22, 2013. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/a-brief-history-of-robot-birds-77235415/
Stein, Sadie. “My Fair Lady.” The Paris Review. February 17, 2015. https://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2015/02/17/my-fair-lady/
Stronge, Susan. Tipu’s Tigers (V&A Publishing, 2009).
Tatum, Jeffrey W. “Mark Antony's Oration at Caesar's Funeral.” World History Encyclopedia. February 12, 2024. https://www.worldhistory.org/article/2372/mark-antonys-oration-at-caesars-funeral/
“Tippoo’s Tiger.” Victoria and Albert Museum. [n.d.] https://www.vam.ac.uk/articles/tipus-tiger
“Tipu’s Tiger.” Vimeo, uploaded by Six to Start. January 25, 2010. https://vimeo.com/8973957
“A Tragic Love Affair Oskar Kokoschka and Alma Mahler.” Artis—Naples. [n.d.] https://artisnaples.org/baker-museum/exhibitions/2016-17/tragic-love-affair
Truitt, E.R. Medieval Robots: Mechanism, Magic, Nature, and Art (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2015).
Truitt, E.R. “Surveillance, Companionship, and Entertainment: The Ancient History of Intelligent Machines.” The MIT Press Reader. November 24, 2021. https://thereader.mitpress.mit.edu/the-ancient-history-of-intelligent-machines/
Tucker, Abigail. “Genghis Khan’s Treasures.” Smithsonian Magazine. March 24, 2009. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/genghis-khans-treasures-118867438/
Twain, Mark. The Innocents Abroad (Hippocrene Books, 1989).
Whitlow, Simone. “Guillaume Boucher and the Fountain of Karakorum.” Tales of History and Imagination. October 23, 2019. https://historyandimagination.com/2019/10/23/guillaume-boucher-and-the-fountain-of-karakorum/
Wilson, Brianna. “Karakorum: Mongolia’s ancient capital is a cultural delight.” CNN Travel. May 15, 2023. https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/karakorum-mongolia-ancient-capital
Wolsing, Ivo. “Robots at a medieval court: The automata of tenth-century Baghdad and Constantinople.” Leiden Medievalists Blog. September 15, 2023. https://www.leidenmedievalistsblog.nl/articles/robots-at-a-medieval-court-the-automata-of-tenth-century-baghdad-and-constantinople
Sources from Legends 71
Adonyeva, Svetlana, and Olson, Laura J. “Interpreting the Past, Postulating the Future: Memorate as Plot and Script Among Rural Russian Women.” Journal of Folklore Research, Vol. 48, No. 2, 2011, pp.133-166. JSTOR. https://doi.org/10.2979/jfolkrese.48.2.133.
Álvarez-Pedrosa, Juan Antonio, and Marinas, Enrique Santos. Rituals in Slavic Pre-Christian Religion: Festivals, Banqueting, and Divination. Leeds: ARC Humanities Press, 2023.
Arrowsmith, Nancy. A File Guide to the Little People. New York: Hill and Wang, 1977. https://archive.org/details/fieldguidetolitt0000arro_n8y8/page/80/mode/2up
Aveela, Ronesa. A Study of Household Spirits of Eastern Europe. North Haven: Bendideia Publishing, 2018.
Azarvash, Parla. “The Domovoy: Benevolent House Spirit or Overbearing Grandpa?” The Ethnograph. 2024, pp.65-72. https://ojs.library.ubc.ca/index.php/EJAS/article/view/199552/193038.
“Burning of Washington.” Wikipedia. Last updated December 4, 2025. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burning_of_Washington.
Cross, S. H. “Primitive Civilization of the Eastern Slavs.” The American Slavic and East European Review. Vol. 5, No. ½, 1946, pp.54-87. JSTOR. https://doi.org/10.2307/2491581.
di Cosimo, Lucreta. “An Introduction to Russian Folk Demonology.” Lucreta di Cosimo. 2018. https://lucetadicosimo.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/russian-folk-demonology-cll.pdf.
Dixon-Kennedy, Mike. Encyclopedia of Russian & Slavic Myth and Legend. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 1998. Digital. https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofru0000dixo/mode/2up.
Dolak, George. “The Religious Beliefs and Practices of the Ancient Slavs.” Master of Sacred Theology Thesis. Concordia Seminary. 5/1/1949, pp.1-85. https://scholar.csl.edu/stm/214.
Drapelova, Pavla Gkantzios. “Procopius on the Religion of the Early Slavs: Comparison With Other Barbarians.” Studia Cerenea, Vol. 11, 2021, pp.177-200. https://doi.org/10.18778/2084-140X.11.09.
“Dvorovoi.” World Mythos. n.d. https://worldmythos.com/dvorovoi/.
Forrester, Sibelan E. S. “Folk Mythology.” Encyclopedia of Contemporary Russian Culture, 2007, p.217.https://works.swarthmore.edu/fac-russian/145.
Gasparini, Evel. “Slavic Religion.” Encyclopedia Britannica. 12/27/2024. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Slavic-religion/Folk-conceptions.
Hałajczuk, Wołodymyr. “Traditional Spiritual Culture of Boykos.” Carpathian Center of Cultural Heritage. 4/14/2020. https://carpathianculture.eu/traditional-spiritual-culture-of-boykos/#:~:text=Beliefs%20in%20wraiths%2C%20witches%2Cnymphs%2C%20werewolves%2C%20lords%20of,so%2Dcalled%20%E2%80%9Cgenius%20loci%E2%80%9D%20or%20%E2%80%9Chome%20devil%E2%80%9D%2C%20imaginations.
Hare, Augustus J.C. Studies in Russia. New York: Macmillan, 1896. https://archive.org/details/harerussiastudi00harerich/page/154/mode/2up?q=domovoy.
Helmold. Chronica Slavorum. Book I. Digital. In Nomine Jassa. 2017. https://www.jassa.org/?page_id=10175.
“Hovanets.” Bestiary.us. n.d. https://www.bestiary.us/vyhovanec/en#google_vignette.
Ivanits, Linda J. Russian Folk Belief. Armonk, New York: M. E. Sharpe, Inc., 1989. Digital. https://archive.org/details/russianfolkbelie0000ivan/mode/2up.
Kessler, Peter and Dawson, Edward. “Barbarian Europe: Origins of the Slavs.” The History Files. 11/13/2020. https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/FeaturesEurope/BarbarianSlavs01.htm.
“Kłobuk.” Bestiary.us. n.d. https://www.bestiary.us/klobuk/en.
Kõiva, Mare and Boganeva, Elena. “The Treasure-Bearer in East Slavic and Finno-Ugric Contexts.” Studia Mitologica Slavica, Vol. 25, 2022, pp.79-104. https://doi.org/10.3986/SMS20222504.
Kropej, Monika. Supernatural Beings From Slovenian Myth and Folktales. Ljubljana: Založba ZRC/ZRC Publishing, 2012. Digital. https://unglueit-files.s3.amazonaws.com/ebf/5a181678330d408f8c1cc2df75ff0f24.pdf.
Máchal, Jan. “The Household Gods.” In The Mythology of All Races. Vol. III, edited by Louis Herbert Gray. Boston: Marshall Jones Company, 1918, pp.240-248. Digital. https://archive.org/details/mythologyofall03gray/mode/2up.
Mannherz, Julia. “Mysterious Knocks, Flying Potatoes and Rebellious Servants: Spiritualism and Social Conflict in Late Imperial Russia.” In Four Empires and an Enlargement: States, Societies and Individuals in Central and Eastern Europe. Edited by Daniel Brett, Claire Jarvis, and Irina Marin. School of Slavonic and East European Studies, UCL, 2008, pp.1-15. Digital. https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/16338/1/16338.pdf.
Mingren, Wu. “Domovoi: Stay on the Good Side of This Mischievous Slavic House Sprite.” Ancient Origins. 12/10/2018. https://www.ancient-origins.net/myths-legends-europe/domovoi-0011129.
“Miscellany: Noteworthy Things Gleaned Here and There.” Appletons’ Journal: A Magazine of General Literature, Vol. 13, No. 326, 1875, pp.798-800. https://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/moajrnl/acw8433.1-13.326/804:1?rgn=full+text&view=image.
NCC Staff. On this day, the British set fire to Washington, DC. August 24, 2023. Constitution Center. https://constitutioncenter.org/blog/on-this-day-the-british-set-fire-to-washington-d-c
New Larousse Encyclopedia of Mythology. London: The Hamlyn Publishing Group Limited, 1972. Digital. https://archive.org/details/newlarousseencyc0000unse_p8o3/mode/2up.
Petrovo-Solovovo, Michael. “Mr. Petrovo-Solovovo and the Evidence for Independent Slate-Writing.” Journal of the Society for Psychical Research, Vol. 9, 1899, pp.57-60. https://archive.org/details/journalofsociety09sociuoft/mode/2up.
“Proverbs From Ukraine’s Language.” Ukraine.com. 2025. https://www.ukraine.com/culture/languages/proverbs/.
Ralston, William. The Songs of the Russian People, as Illustrative of Slavonic Mythology and Russian Social Life. London: Ellis & Green, 1872. Digital. https://archive.org/details/cu31924026606446/mode/2up.
Seferbekov, Ruslan I. “Domovoy in the Mythological Beliefs of Dagestani Russians. History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus. Vol. 20, No. 4, 2021, pp.934-947. https://caucasushistory.ru/2618-6772/article/view/17081/1889.
Sinnett, A. P. Incidents in the Life of Madame Blavatsky. London: The Theosophical Publishing Society, 1913. Digital. https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.55065/mode/2up.
Slashchev, V. V. “Khovanets.” Dictionary of Antiquity and Mythology. n.d. http://www.antmir.ru/html/h/hovanec.html.
“Slavic Folklore II: Urban Spirits, Demons, and Creatures.” Nøkk & Myling. 1/6/2012. http://nokkandmyling.blogspot.com/2012/06/slavic-folklore-ii-household-spirits.html.
Stachowski, Kamil and Stachowski, Olaf. “Possibly Oriental Elements in Slavonic Folklore. Kłobuk.” Türk Dilleri Araştırmaları, Vol. 26, No. 2, 2016, pp.241-264. https://ruj.uj.edu.pl/server/api/core/bitstreams/80a54d7a-d1b5-4d73-9ac8-55b094eb9196/content.
Tolentino, Cierra. “Slavic Mythology: Gods, Legends, Characters, and Culture.” History Cooperative. 6/5/2023. https://historycooperative.org/slavic-mythology/.
Vána, Zdenek. The World of the Ancient Slavs. London: Orbis Publishing, 1983. Digital. https://archive.org/details/zdenek-vana-the-world-of-the-ancient-slavs-orbis-publishing-1983/mode/2up.
Violatti, Cristian. “Slavs.” World History Encyclopedia. 9/10/2014. https://www.worldhistory.org/Slavs/.
Voitovych, Nadia. “Dwellings As A Locus of Life/ Temporary Stay of the Characters of “Lower” Mythology (A Study Based on Ethnographic Materials).” Вісник Маріупольського державного університету. Сер.: Історія. Політологія 17, 2016, pp.15-27. https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/api/file/viewByFileId/433781.
Warner, Elizabeth. Russian Myths. Austin: British Museum Press/University of Texas Press, 2002. Digital. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Russian_Myths/_PoesCeU0iUC?hl=en&gbpv=1.
Wenska, Izabella. “Sacrifices Among the Slavs: Between Archaeological Evidence and 19th Century Folklore.” Analecta Archaeologica Ressoviensia. Vol, 10, 2015, pp.271-294. https://cejsh.icm.edu.pl/cejsh/element/bwmeta1.element.desklight-5a5f1e1f-728c-4ef6-8dba-05579b1a8042/c/Sacrifices_among_the_Slavs.pdf.
Wills, Matthew. “Spiritualism, Science, and the Mysterious Madame Blavatsky.” JSTOR Daily. 10/25/2016. https://daily.jstor.org/spiritualism-science-and-the-mysterious-madame-blavatsky/.
Sources from Lore 297
“7.2 The Prioress' Tale.” Harvard’s Geoffrey Chaucer Website. [n.d.] https://chaucer.fas.harvard.edu/pages/prioress-tale
“7.3 The Prioress' Prologue and Tale.” Harvard’s Geoffrey Chaucer Website. [n.d.] https://chaucer.fas.harvard.edu/pages/prioress-prologue-and-tale
Ashliman, D.L. “Anti-Semitism: Anti-Semitic Legends of Europe.” Jewish Virtual Library. [n.d.] https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/anti-semitic-legends-of-europe
Bashford, Alison, and Jane McAdam. “The Right to Asylum: Britain's 1905 Aliens Act and the Evolution of Refugee Law.” Law and History Review 32(2), May 2014: pp. 309-350.
Bates, Stephen. “Notorious anti-Jewish tract fails to find a buyer.” Guardian. June 7, 2001. https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2001/jun/07/books.humanities
Bernstein, Jesse. “Did Jack The Ripper Hope To Inflame Anti-Semitism With Murder Spree?” Forward. July 13, 2017. https://forward.com/fast-forward/376940/did-jack-the-ripper-hope-to-inflame-anti-semitism-with-murder-spree/
Benveniste, Art. “A Flower Decorates the Name of God.” HaLapid 15 & 16, Spring/Summer 2016: pp. 4-8.
“Blood Libel.” Holocaust Encyclopedia. [n.d.] https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/blood-libel
“A Blood Libel Cult: Anderl von Rinn, d. 1462.” Internet Medieval Sourcebook. [n.d.] https://origin.web.fordham.edu/Halsall/source/rinn.asp
“A Brief Chronology of Chaucer's Life and Times.” Harvard’s Geoffrey Chaucer Website. [n.d.] https://chaucer.fas.harvard.edu/pages/brief-chronology-chaucers-life-and-times-0
Burgen, Stephen. “Spanish Catholic church to investigate antisemitic rituals.” Guardian. August 11, 2022. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/aug/11/spanish-catholic-church-to-investigate-antisemitic-rituals
Child, Francis James (ed.). The English and Scottish Popular Ballads, Part V (Houghton, Mifflin, and Company, 1888).
Cohen, Jeffrey Jerome. “Monster Culture (Seven Theses).” In Jeffrey Jerome Cohen (ed.), Monster Theory: Reading Culture (University of Minnesota Press, 1996).
den Hartog, Elizabeth. “A medieval conspiracy theory: The murder of Little Hugh of Lincoln.” Leiden Medievalists Blog. March 5, 2021. https://www.leidenmedievalistsblog.nl/articles/q-anon-in-the-middle-ages-the-shrine-of-little-hugh-of-lincoln
Dundes, Alan. “The Ritual Murder or Blood Libel Legend: A Study of Anti-Semitic Victimization through Projective Inversion.” In The Blood Libel Legend: A Casebook in Anti-Semitic Folklore, ed. Alan Dundes (University of Wisconsin Press, 1991).
Eighteen-Bisan, Robert. “Dracula, Jack the Ripper and A Thirst for Blood.” Ripperologist 60, July 2005: pp. 3-12.
Eisen, Yosef. “The Spanish Inquisition.” Chabad.org. [n.d.] https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/2430792/jewish/The-Spanish-Inquisition.htm
Elswit, Sharon. The Jewish Story Finder: A Guide to 668 Tales Listing Subjects and Sources, 2d Ed. (McFarland & Company, 2012).
Forasteros, JR. “Fear of Desire: Dracula, Purity Culture, and the Sins of the Church.” Reactor. October 26, 2021. https://reactormag.com/fear-of-desire-dracula-purity-culture-and-the-sins-of-the-church/
Gross, Abraham. “The Blood Libel and the Blood of Circumcision: An Ashkenazic Custom That Disappeared in the Middle Ages.” The Jewish Quarterly Review, 86(1/2), July-October 1995: pp. 171-174.
Goldberg-Mulkiewicz, Olga, trans. Christina Manetti. “Dress.” The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe. [n.d.] https://encyclopedia.yivo.org/article/2094
Halberstam, Jack. “Technologies of Monstrosity: Bram Stoker's ‘Dracula.’” Victorian Studies 26(3), Spring 1993: pp. 333-352.
Ian. “Little St. Hugh of Lincoln.” Mysterious Britain and Ireland. December 14, 2018. https://www.mysteriousbritain.co.uk/legends/little-st-hugh-of-lincoln/
Jacobs, Joseph. “Little St. Hugh of Lincoln: Researches in History, Archaeology, and Legend.” In The Blood Libel Legend: A Casebook in Anti-Semitic Folklore, ed. Alan Dundes (University of Wisconsin Press, 1991).
Jacobs, Joseph, and Aaron Tänzer. “Simon (Simedl, Simoncino) of Trent.” Jewish Encyclopedia. [n.d.] https://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/13752-simon-simedl-simoncino-of-trent
Johnson, Hannah R. Blood Libel: The Ritual Murder Accusation at the Limit of Jewish History (University of Michigan Press, 2012).
Jones, Richard. “The Jack the Ripper Timeline.” Jack the Ripper 1888. [n.d.] https://www.jack-the-ripper.org/timeline.htm
Kieval, Hillel J. “Blood Libels and Host Desecration Accusations.” The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe. [n.d.] https://encyclopedia.yivo.org/article/322
“La Guardia, Holy Child of.” Jewish Virtual Library. [n.d.] https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/la-guardia-holy-child-of
Lipton, Sara. Dark Mirror: The Medieval Origins of Anti-Jewish Iconography (Metropolitan Books, 2014).
Miesel, Sandra. “A Short History of the Lie of the Blood Libel.” The Catholic World Report. April 17, 2023. https://www.catholicworldreport.com/2023/04/17/a-short-history-of-the-lie-of-the-blood-libel/
Muraskin, Bennett. “Some Religious Roots of Jewish Humor.” Jewish Currents. August 26, 2017. https://jewishcurrents.org/some-religious-roots-of-jewish-humor
Olson, Melissa. “Dracula the Anti-Christ: New Resurrection of an Immortal Prejudice.” In Barbara Brodman and James E. Doan (eds.), Images of the Modern Vampire: The Hip and the Atavistic (Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 2013).
Perceval, José María. “A Crime Without a Corpse: The Holy Child of La Guardia.” Historia 16(202), 1993: pp. 44-58.
Price, David H. Johannes Reuchlin and the Campaign to Destroy Jewish Books (Oxford University Press, 2011).
Resnick, Irven M. “Cruentation, Medieval Anti-Jewish Polemic, and Ritual Murder.” Antisemitism Studies 3(1), April 2019: pp. 95-131.
Robinson, Sara Libby. Blood Will Tell: Blood and Vampires as Metaphors in the Political and Popular Cultures of Great Britain, France, Germany, and the United States, 1870-1914 (Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Brandeis University, 2008).
Robinson, Sara Libby. “Blood Will Tell: Anti-Semitism and Vampires in British Popular Culture, 1875-1914.” GOLEM: Journal of Religion and Monsters 3(1), 2009: pp. 16-27.
Rose, Alison. “Manifestations of Anti-Semitism in Post-Holocaust Austria.” HABSBURG, H-Net Reviews. September 2003. https://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=8119
Sherman, Josepha. A Sampler of Jewish American Folklore (August House Publishers, 1992).
Silverstein, Yisroel. “Blood libel.” EBSCO. 2025. https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/social-sciences-and-humanities/blood-libel
Singer, Isidore (ed.). The Jewish Encyclopedia: A Descriptive Record of the History, Religion, Literature, and Customs of the Jewish People from the Earliest Times to the Present Day, Volume IX (Funk and Wagnalls, 1907).
Singer, Saul J. “The Antisemitism And Jewish Origins Of Dracula.” JewishPress.com. May 24, 2023. https://www.jewishpress.com/sections/features/features-on-jewish-world/the-antisemitism-and-jewish-origins-of-dracula/2023/05/24/
Stoker, Bram. Dracula (Modern Library, 1897).
Teter, Magda. Blood Libel: On the Trail of an Antisemitic Myth (Harvard University Press, 2020).
Teter, Magda. “Reckoning with a Troubled Past.” The New York Review. March 23, 2023. https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2023/03/23/reckoning-with-a-troubled-past-simon-of-trento-invention-of-the-culprit/
Tichelaar, Tyler R. “Dracula: The New Wandering Jew and Anti-Semitism.” The Gothic Wanderer. January 30, 2024. https://thegothicwanderer.wordpress.com/2014/01/30/dracula-the-new-wandering-jew-and-anti-semitism/
“What is gall in the Bible?” Got Questions. July 18, 2024. https://www.gotquestions.org/gall-in-the-Bible.html
“Why were the Jews expelled from England in 1290?” University of Oxford Faculty of History. [n.d.] https://www.history.ox.ac.uk/::ognode-637356::/files/download-resource-printable-pdf-5
Yolen, Jane (ed.). Favorite Folktales from Around the World (Random House, 1986).
Zanger, Jules. “A Sympathetic Vibration: Dracula and the Jews.” English Literature in Transition, 1880-1920 34(1), 1991: pp. 33-44.
Sources from Legends 70
“Alligator” Mound.” The Historical Marker Database. Updated 1/12/2025. https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=17482 .
“Alligator Mound.” Ohio Exploration Society. https://www.ohioexploration.com/mounds/alligatormound/ .
Allison, Harold. “Exploring Hoosierland.” The Herald . 1/5/2002, p. 13. https://www.newspapers.com/image/542520538/?match=1&terms=shunka%20 warakin .
Barnouw, Victor. Wisconsin Chippewa Myths & Tales and Their Relation to Chippewa Life. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1977. Digital. https://archive.org/details/wisconsinchippew0000barn/mode/2up .
Biehl, Mary. “Mysteries at the Madison Valley History Museum.” Bozeman Magazine. 7/1/2017. https://bozemanmagazine.com/articles/2017/07/01/102613-mysteries-at-the-m adison-valley-history-museum .
Coleman, Loren and Clark, Jerome. Cryptozoology A to Z. New York: Fireside, 1999. Digital. https://archive.org/details/cryptozoologytoz00lore/mode/2up .
Eberhart, George M. Mysterious Creatures: A Guide to Cryptozoology. Santa Barbara: ABC CLIO, 2002. Digital. https://archive.org/details/Cryptozoology_201608/mode/2up .
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Woolly Mammoth.” Encyclopedia Britannica . 4/12/2025. https://www.britannica.com/animal/woolly-mammoth .
Edmonston, Mary Chandler. “The Mammoth and the Mastodon in the Folklore of the Indians of North America.” Journal of the Illinois State Archaeological Society. Vol. 3, No. 1, 1953, pp.15-31. JSTOR . http://www.jstor.org/stable/43588552 .
Fancy, Marisa. “The Legend of Michigan’s Dogman.” Northern Michigan History. 2025. https://northernmichiganhistory.com/the-legend-of-michigans-dogman/ .
Ferrell, Ed. Strange Stories of Alaska and the Yukon. Fairbanks: Epicenter Press, 1996. Digital. https://archive.org/details/strangestoriesof00ferr/mode/2up .
Foster, Lance M. “Shunka Warak’in: A Mystery in Plain Sight.” Paranormal Montana. 3/3/2009. http://paranormalmontana.blogspot.com/2009/03/shunka-warakin.html .
Frigiola, Heather. Monsters and Mythical Creatures From Around the World. Atglen: Red Feather, 2019.
Gauss, Daniel. “Godlike Power and Monster Malevolence: Mishipizheu of Lake Superior.” Ancient Origins. Updated 7/27/2021. https://www.ancient-origins.net/myths-legends-americas/mishipizheu-0015625 .
“Gigantic Hairy Mammoths.” Star. 10/3/1903, p.1. https://www.newspapers.com/image/930874532/?match=1&terms=mammoths .
Gile, Marie A. “The Thunderbird and Underwater Panther in the Material Culture of the Great Lakes Indians: Symbols of Power.” Michigan State University, 1995. Jamie Vargas 24
Gill, Jeff. “The Archaeoastronomy of Alligator Mound.” Ohio History Connection. 1/20/2014. https://www.ohiohistory.org/the-archaeoastronomy-of-alligator-mound/#:~:text= This%20creature%2C%20this%20Underwater%20Panther,and%20the%20nati ve%20interlocutors%20would .
Godfrey, Linda S. The Beast of Bray Road: Tailing Wisconsin’s Werewolf. Black Earth: Prairie Oak Press, 2003. Digital. https://archive.org/details/beastofbrayroadt0000godf/mode/2up .
Godfrey, Linda S. The Michigan Dogman: Werewolves and Other Unknown Canines Across the U.S.A. Eau Claire: Unexplained Research Publishing company, 2010. Digital. https://archive.org/details/michigandogmanwe0000godf/mode/2up .
Halls, Kelly Milner; Spears, Rick; and Young, Roxyanne. Tales of the Cryptids: Mysterious Creatures That May or May Not Exist. Minneapolis: Millbrook Press, 2006. Digital. https://archive.org/details/talesofcryptidsm0000hall/page/46/mode/2up .
Heuvelmans, Bernard. On the Track of Unknown Animals. New York: Routledge, 2014. E-book.
Howard, James H. “When They Worship the Underwater Panther: A Prairie Potawatomi Bundle Ceremony.” Southwestern Journal of Anthropology . Vol. 16, No. 2, 1960, pp.217-224. JSTOR . http://www.jstor.org/stable/3628816 .
Hutchins, Ross E. Trails to Nature’s Mysteries: The Life of a Working Naturalist. New York: Dodd, Mead & Company, 1977. Digital. https://archive.org/details/trailstonaturesm0000hutc/mode/2up .
Lankford, George E. “Pleistocene Animals in Folk Memory.” The Journal of American Folklore. Vol, 93, No. 369, 1980, pp.293-304. JSTOR. https://doi.org/10.2307/540573 .
“Legends of Living Mammoths in Canada.” Mysteries of Canada. https://mysteriesofcanada.com/quebec/legends-of-living-mammoths-in-canada / .
Lenik, Edward J. “Mythic Creatures: Serpents, Dragons, and Sea Monsters in Northeastern Rock Art.” Archaeology of Eastern North America . Vol. 38, 2010, pp.17-37. JSTOR . http://www.jstor.org/stable/40914539 .
“Live “Big Teeth” In Alaska.” St. Joseph Gazette. 10/21/1889, p.4. https://www.newspapers.com/image/559477339/?match=1&terms=Cola%20Fo wler
. “Mammoths in Alaska.” Wisconsin State Journal. 6/10/1889, p.2. https://www.newspapers.com/image/404638495/?match=1&terms=Cola%20Fowler .
McMahon, Daniel. “Cryptids and Historical Memory: The Asserted Antecedents of the Michigan Dogman.” Popular Culture Studies Journal , Vol. 12, Is. 1, 2024, pp.258-273. Jamie Vargas 25 https://hal.science/hal-04841650v1/file/Queering%20Blackness%20Cremieux% 20Blec.pdf#page=267 .
Mencarelli, Jim. “Interest in Legend Grows After ‘Dogman’ Attacks.” The Times Herald, 7/23/1987, p.8. https://www.newspapers.com/image/210396745/?fcfToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1N iIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJmcmVlLXZpZXctaWQiOjIxMDM5Njc0NSwiaWF0IjoxNz Q0OTExMDgzLCJleHAiOjE3NDQ5OTc0ODN9.iI_0Vy6CPt3jacyZIUJfvMrRo7_Wy DRGZLkzK6IF-LY .
“The Michigan Dogman & Other Wolf-Like Cryptids.” Mythfolks. https://www.mythfolks.com/cryptids/michigan-dogman .
“Native American Legends: The Water Panther (Mishipeshu).” Native Languages of the Americas. http://www.native-languages.org/water-panther.htm
Newton, Michael. Hidden Animals: A Field Guide to Batsquatch, Chupacabra, and Other Elusive Creatures. Santa Barbara: Greenwood Press, 2009. Digital. https://archive.org/details/hiddenanimalsfie0000newt/page/n1/mode/2up .
Nouhan, Catherine. “Who’s A Good Boy? Not the Michigan Dogman.” Michigan Public. 10/30/2019. https://www.michiganpublic.org/offbeat/2019-10-30/whos-a-good-boy-not-the- michigan-dogman .
Ocker, J.W. “Beware Montana’s Shunka Warak’in, the ‘Rocky Mountain Hyena.’” Atlas Obscura. 10/19/2022. https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/shunka-warakin-cryptid-ocker .
Offutt, Jason. Chasing American Monsters: Over 250 Creatures, Cryptids & Hairy Beasts. Woodbury: Llewellyn Publications, 2019. Digital. https://archive.org/details/chasing-american-monsters-over-250-creatures-crypt ids-hairy-beasts/mode/2up .
“Ojibwe Oral Tradition.” Milwaukee Public Museum. https://www.mpm.edu/content/wirp/ICW-141 .
Olsen, Brad. Sacred Places North America. San Francisco: consortium of Collective Consciousness, 2008. Digital. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Sacred_Places_North_America/fZtREAA AQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=mishipeshu .
Peet, S. D. “Indian Myths and Effigy Mounds.” The American Antiquarian and Oriental Journal . Vol. 11, No. 1, January 1889, pp.32-61. https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_American_Antiquarian_and_Oriental _Jo/4g4XAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1 .
Phillips, Ruth B. “Between Rocks and Hard Places—Entre o’Arbre et l’écorce/ Au Pied Du Mur: Indigenous Lands, Settler Art Histories, and the ‘Battle for the Woodlands.’” Journal of Canadian Art History / Annales d’histoire de l’art Canadien . Vol. 37, No. 1, 2016, pp.10-47. JSTOR . https://www.jstor.org/stable/26760358 . Jamie Vargas 26
“Q&A: The Man Behind Michigan’s Dogman Legend.” MyNorth.com. 1/18/2024. https://mynorth.com/2024/01/qa-the-man-behind-michigans-dogman-legend/ .
Romano, Anthony. “Discovering the Mysteries of Shunka Warak’in: The Beast of Montana.” Hangar 1 Publishing. https://hangar1publishing.com/blogs/cryptids/shunka-warakin?srsltid=AfmBOor WWnJN7KAQjMNKBq1Oh5zYAfNoEj0aZ8WRktRbqs6qzMyqbuS5 .
“Rouffignac Cave.” Bradshaw Foundation. https://www.bradshawfoundation.com/france/rouffignac/index.php .
Rowe, Audrey G., et al. “A Female Woolly Mammoth’s Lifetime Movements End in an Ancient Alaskan Hunter-Gatherer Camp.” Science Advances. Vol. 10, Is. 3, 1/17/2024. DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk081 .
Royce, Julie Albrecht. Traveling Michigan’s Sunset Coast. Holt: Thunder Bay Press, 2007. Digital. https://archive.org/details/travelingmichiga0000juli_m9v1/mode/2up .
Sands, David. “Michigan Dogman, Mysterious Upright Canine Creature, Haunts State’s Backwoods.” Huffpost . 10/26/2012. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/michigan-dogman-upright-canine_n_2019442 .
Schaumburg, Ned. “Living, Land-Broken Waters: Epistemological Resistance in Solar Storms.” Mosaic: An Interdisciplinary Critical Journal . Vol. 52, No. 2, 2019, pp.17-33. JSTOR . https://www.jstor.org/stable/26974156 .
Schwarz, Rob. “Woolly Mammoth Sightings—Are These Prehistoric Creatures Still Alive?” Stranger Dimensions. 1/18/2018. https://www.strangerdimensions.com/2018/01/18/woolly-mammoth-sightings/ .
Shelton, Joseph. “The Shunka Warak’in, Hyena of the Rockies.” Distinctly Montana. 10/10/2024. https://www.distinctlymontana.com/shunka-warakin-hyena-rockies .
“Shunka Warak’in: The Mysterious Beast of Montana.” North American Cryptids. 2017. https://northamericancryptids.com/shunka-warakin/ .
Simon, James. Pictographs: the Graphic Art of James Simon Mishibinijima. Erin: The Porcupine’s Quill, 2017. Digital. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Pictographs/CbM1DwAAQBAJ?hl=en&g bpv=1 .
Smith, Tiara. “Legend or Lore: Michigan’s Dogman Still Haunts People to This Day.” Huron Daily Tribune. Updated 7/11/2022. https://www.michigansthumb.com/news/article/Legend-or-lore-Michigan-s-Dog man-still-haunts-17292455.php .
Squier, Ephraim G., and Davis, Edwin H. Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley . Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1998. Digital. https://archive.org/details/ancientmonuments00squi/mode/2up .
Stuart, Anthony J., et al. “The Latest Woolly Mammoths ( Mammuthus primigenius Blumenbach) in Europe and Asia: A Review of the Current Evidence.” Quaternary Science Reviews , Vol. 21, 2002, pp.1559-1569. Jamie Vargas 27 https://reviverestore.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/latest_woolly_mammoths _of_eurasia_20021.pdf .
Tēcutli, Mictlān. “El Pindal Cave.” Atlas Obscura. 8/20/2019. https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/el-pindal-cave .
Teit, James A. “Kaska Tales.” The Journal of American Folklore, Vol. 30, No. 118, 1917, pp.427-473. JSTOR . https://doi.org/10.2307/534495 .
Thwaites, Reuben Gold, Editor. The Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents: Travels and Explorations of the Jesuit Missionaries in New France 1610-1791. Vol. LIV. Cleveland: The Burrows Brothers Company, Publishers, 1899. http://moses.creighton.edu/kripke/jesuitrelations/relations_54.html .
Topping, Peter, et al. “Native American Mound Building Traditions.” Dalam Round Mounds and Monumentality in the British Neolithic and Beyond. 2010, pp.219-252. https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/39428161/14_-_Round_Mounds_indd_2-li bre.pdf?1445877006=&response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3D 2010_Native_American_moundbuilding_trad.pdf&Expires=1745591459&Signatur e=YMD6lhuei78etu4zLm-PZY7s5cq~QqVUIU~ivnSHyDmFpLD4tTTlh7DD1siUsA -ibb21o-OA36xlKd~Zjnf6RU-btkYfKRHRp9E~wjoZ-IYeEtaUfaa0~Tt3awpDZ-KH Xy0ScCZSZixaIso12TAt45M67-yhCcsgpMoGlY4betvUs7k9jZYAUkbhnUwgOWN 8YJE5XEYaabRsDmZyg766pU2Vs9Ag30HEP~PkygoatmANXhgp9TOBjqhQztgw LCHkccEUywzU7JskTmnO4sM43Fo0nJkSt5oidA5mjFsZurIumeMR16YTMzVQb Zl98d5S0oDURYuK01F~sbFzviIQrQ__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4Z A .
“What a Mammoth’s Tusk Can Tell us About Its Life.” National Park Service. https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/mammothtuskisotopes.htm .
Williams, Walt. “Mystery Monster Returns Home After 121 Years.” Bozeman Daily Chronicle. 11/14/2007. https://www.bozemandailychronicle.com/news/mystery-monster-%20returns-ho me-after-121-years/article_461c6958-ea1e-5f57-bee9-a3c11b0a18a6.html .
Woodward, Susan L. and McDonald, Jerry N. Indian Mounds of the Middle Ohio Valley. Blacksburg: The McDonald & Woodward Publishing Company, 2002. Digital. https://archive.org/details/indianmoundsofmi00wood_0/mode/2up .
“Woolly Mammoth Revival About the Species.” Revive & Restore. https://reviverestore.org/projects/woolly-mammoth/about-the-species/
Sources from Legends 69
“Alutiiq / Sugpiaq.” Alaska Native Language Center. [n.d.] https://www.uaf.edu/anlc/languages-move/alutiiq.php
Andrews, Susan B., and John Creed. Authentic Alaska: Voices of its Native Writers (University of Nebraska Press, 1998).
Armstrong, Michael. “New reality-TV show explores Nantinaq stories.” Homer News. December 16, 2021. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1140135552/
Beck, Mary Giraudo. Shamans and Kushtakas: North Coast Tales of the Supernatural (Alaska Northwest Books, 1991).
Bille, Matt. “Lake Iliamna: My Favorite Natural Mystery.” Matt’s Sci/Tech Blog. July 9, 2021. https://mattbille.blogspot.com/2021/07/lake-iliamna-my-favorite-natural-mystery.html
Campbell, Mike. “Animal Planet's ‘River Monsters’ visits Illiamna [sic] Lake.” Anchorage Daily News. May 14, 2010. https://www.adn.com/outdoors/article/animal-planets-river-monsters-visits-illiamna-lake/2010/05/14/
Coleman, Loren, and Jerome Clark. Cryptozoology A-Z: The Encyclopedia of Loch Monsters, Sasquatch, Chupacabras, and Other Authentic Mysteries of Nature (Fireside, 1999).
Colp, Harry D. The Strangest Story Ever Told (Exposition Press, 1953).
Coppock, Mike. “Something’s Afoot in Port Chatham – Century-old Rumors Persist of a Terror in the Mountains.” Alaska Magazine. April 8, 2016. https://alaskamagazine.com/authentic-alaska/somethings-afoot-in-port-chatham-century-old-rumors-persist-of-a-terror-in-the-mountains/
de Laguna, Frederica. The History and Culture of the Yakuat Tlingit, Part Two (Smithsonian Institution Press, 1972).
DeMarban, Alex. “Inside one man’s quest to photograph the elusive ‘Iliamna Lake monster.’” Anchorage Daily News. May 5, 2019. https://www.adn.com/alaska-news/rural-alaska/2019/05/05/inside-one-mans-quest-to-photograph-the-elusive-iliamna-lake-monster/
Dihle, Bjorn. Haunted Inside Passage: Ghosts, Legends, and Mysteries of Southeast Alaska (Alaska Northwest Books, 2017).
Dihle, Bjorn. “The Tlingit Legend of the Kóoshdaa Káa.” Outdoor Life. March 30, 2022. https://www.outdoorlife.com/adventure/tlingit-legend-of-kooshdaa-kaa/
Dolezal, Robert J. “Portlock: home of a Sasquatch?” Anchorage Daily News. April 15, 1973. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1052552431/
Dunning, Brian. “The Monster of Port Chatham.” Skeptoid. March 23, 2021. https://skeptoid.com/episodes/4772
Dunning, Brian. “Is Bigfoot really found in Native American folklore?” Brian’s Bullshit-Free Zone. February 27, 2024. https://briandunning.substack.com/p/bigfoot-references-in-indigenous
Emmons, George Thornton, with Frederica de Laguna (ed.). The Tlingit Indians (University of Washington Press, 1991).
Fienup-Riordan, Ann. Boundaries and Passages: Rule and Ritual in Yup’ik Eskimo Oral Tradition (University of Oklahoma Press, 1994).
Fienup-Riordan, Ann (ed.), and Alice Rearden (translator). Qaluyaarmiuni Nunamtenek Qanemciput / Our Nelson Island Stories: Meanings of Place on the Bering Sea Coast (University of Washington Press, 2011).
Fienup-Riordan, Ann (ed.), and Alice Rearden and Marie Mead (translators). Qanemcit Amllertut/Many Stories to Tell: Tales of Humans and Animals from Southwest Alaska (University of Alaska Press, 2017).
Fienup-Riordan, Ann (ed.), and Sophie Shield (translator). Qulirat Qanemcit-ilu Kinguvarcimalriit: Stories for Future Generations: The Oratory of Yup’ik Eskimo Elder Paul John (University of Washington Press, 2003).
Fienup-Riordan, Ann, and Alice Rearden. Ellavut: Our Yup’ik World & Weather: Continuity and Change on the Bering Sea Coast (University of Washington Press, 2012).
Golub, Alex, Daniel Rosenblatt, and John D. Kelly. A Practice of Anthropology: The Thought and Influence of Marshall Sahlins (McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2016).
Heatherly, Jamie. “Iliamna Lake Monster – Unraveling the Mystery.” The Alaska Frontier. [n.d.] https://thealaskafrontier.com/iliamna-lake-monster/
“Iliamna Lake Monster.” Unknown Explorers. [n.d.] http://www.unknownexplorers.com/iliamnalakemonsters.php
Klouda, Naomi. “Haunting memories — ‘Nantiinaq’ sightings, spirits led to desertion of Native village.” The Redoubt Reporter. October 28, 2009. https://redoubtreporter.wordpress.com/2009/10/28/haunting-memories-—-‘nantiinaq’-sightings-spirits-led-to-desertion-of-native-village/
“Lake Iliamna, Alaska.” Lakepedia. [n.d.] https://www.lakepedia.com/lake/iliamna.html
Lynch, Donald, and Maynard B. Miller. “History of Alaska.” Britannica. April 5, 2025. https://www.britannica.com/place/Alaska/History
Miller, David Wm. Exploring Alaska’s Kenai Fjords (Wilderness Images, 2017).
Newton, Michael. Hidden Animals: A Field Guide to Batsquatch, Chupacabra, and Other Elusive Creatures (Bloomsbury, 2009).
“Portlock Cannery, Port Chatham.” CoastView. October 17, 2022. https://coastview.org/2022/10/17/portlock-port-chatham/
“Short Stories About Alaska Occurrences.” Cordova Daily Times. May 21, 1921. https://www.newspapers.com/image/854354489/
“Skull Broken In Fall From Scaffolding.” The Cordova Daily Times. May 3, 1920. https://www.newspapers.com/image/854353074/
Smith, Darren. “Framing Nantiinaq: Alaska’s best known cryptid homicide case debunked.” Anchorage Press. September 17, 2022. https://www.anchoragepress.com/news/framing-nantiinaq-alaska-s-best-known-cryptid-homicide-case-debunked/article_ed6facfe-a1f9-11eb-b7fc-0bba856ee2fe.html
Speaks, Clarke. “The Top 10 Most Dangerous Jobs in America.” Speaks Law Firm. October 15, 2024. https://www.speakslaw.com/blogs/the-top-10-most-dangerous-jobs-in-america/
Swanton, John R. Tlingit Myths and Texts (Government Printing Office, 1909).
“Tlingit.” Britannica. May 17, 2019. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Tlingit
Whitney, Sara. “Three very different ghost towns.” Alaska Economic Trends Magazine. May 2024. https://live.laborstats.alaska.gov/sites/default/files/trends/may24art2_0.pdf
Wilson, Bill. “Iliamna Lake Monster.” Anchorage Daily News. May 31, 1980. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1054428648/
Wright, Bruce. “Fresh evidence that Alaska's Iliamna Lake monster is a Pacific sleeper shark? (+VIDEO).” Anchorage Daily News. June 23, 2012. https://www.adn.com/features/article/fresh-evidence-alaskas-iliamna-lake-monster-pacific-sleeper-shark-video/2012/06/24/
Sources from Lore 295
“$40,000 Reputedly Paid By Harlemite For Ritzy Home Of Baseball Magnate.” The Pittsburgh Courier. May 7, 1938. https://www.newspapers.com/image/40111158/
Adams, Cecil. “Was Wild Bill Hickok holding the ‘dead man’s hand’ when he was slain?” The Straight Dope. May 5, 1978. https://www.straightdope.com/21341451/was-wild-bill-hickok-holding-the-dead-man-s-hand-when-he-was-slain
“Adams Museum: Deadwood's Attic.” RoadsideAmerica.com. [n.d.] https://www.roadsideamerica.com/story/11684
Alex, Bridget. “The Ancient History of Board Games.” Discover. June 19, 2020. https://www.discovermagazine.com/planet-earth/the-ancient-history-of-board-games
Amlen, Deb. “The Royal Game of Ur: How to Play the Oldest Board Game on Record.” The New York Times. November 17, 2022. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/17/crosswords/ur-first-board-game.html
Asbury, Herbert. Sucker’s Progress: An Informal History of Gambling in America from the Colonies to Canfield (Dodd, Mead & Company, 1938).
Ascher, Marcia. “Malagasy Sikidy: A Case in Ethnomathematics.” Historia Mathematica 24, 1997: pp. 376-395.
Behe, George. Fate Deals a Hand: The Slippery Fortunes of Titanic’s Professional Gamblers (The History Press, 2023).
Bell, R.C. Board and Table Games from Many Civilizations (Dover Publications, 1979).
“The Curse of Scotland.” Undiscovered Scotland. [n.d.] https://www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk/usscotfax/history/curse.html
Davies, Owen. The Oxford History of Witchcraft and Magic (Oxford University Press, 2023).
“Dreamy ‘Prof’ Chucks Dreams, Gets Detectives.” The Afro-American. November 8, 1930. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1135966549/
Faulk, Natalie. “What is the Dead Man’s Hand? The History of Aces and Eights.” Upswing Poker. November 3, 2017. https://upswingpoker.com/dead-mans-hand-poker-aces-eights/
Finkel, Irving L. “On the Rules for the Royal Game of Ur.” In I.L. Finkel (ed.), Ancient Board Games in perspective. Papers from the 1990 British Museum colloquium, with additional contributions (British Museum Press, 2007): pp. 16-32.
Georgiou, Aristos. “Ancient ‘Arcade’ of Games Played for Thousands of Years Discovered.” Newsweek. February 9, 2024. https://www.newsweek.com/ancient-arcade-game-played-thousands-years-discovered-archaeology-1866992
“The Glencoe Massacre.” National Trust for Scotland. [n.d.] https://www.nts.org.uk/visit/places/glencoe/the-glencoe-massacre
Glimne, Dan, and Robert D. Herman. “lottery.” Britannica. March 7, 2025. https://www.britannica.com/topic/lottery
Harris, LaShawn. “Crystal ball gazers, dream books, and the occult.” The Immanent Frame. April 15, 2022. https://tif.ssrc.org/2022/04/15/crystal-ball-gazers-dream-books-and-the-occult/
Hildburgh, J.L. “Notes on Some Flemish Amulets and Beliefs.” Folklore 19(2), June 30, 1908: pp. 200-213.
“How to Play Senet.” Tūhura Otago Museum. [n.d.] https://otagomuseum.nz/athome/how-to-play-senet
“Iona Ilene Parris.” Ancestry. [n.d.] https://www.ancestry.com/genealogy/records/iona-ilene-parris-24-13vmvpy
Jacobs, Marty. “The Devil’s Bedpost.” Marty’s Bag of Tricks! November 7, 2023. https://www.martysbagoftricks.com/2023/11/the-devils-bedpost.html
Konje, Prof. The Lucky Star Dream Book (G. Parris Co., Inc., 1985).
Krakower, Louise, and Adam Victor. Lottery! Your Dream Ticket (Dell Publishing, 1995).
Liberman, Anatoly. “Nine of diamonds, or the curse of Scotland: an etymological drama in two acts: Act 1.” OUPblog. November 15, 2017. https://blog.oup.com/2017/11/nine-diamonds-curse-scotland-etymological-drama-two-acts-act-1/
Liberman, Anatoly. “Nine of diamonds, or the curse of Scotland: an etymological drama in two acts: Act 2, Scene 1.” OUPblog. November 22, 2017. https://blog.oup.com/2017/11/nine-diamonds-curse-scotland-etymological-drama-two-acts-act-2-scene-1/
Liberman, Anatoly. “Nine of diamonds, or the curse of Scotland: an etymological drama in two acts: Act 2, Scene 2.” OUPblog. December 6, 2017. https://blog.oup.com/2017/12/nine-diamonds-curse-scotland-etymological-drama-two-acts-act-2-scene-2/
“Marcus Garvey.” Britannica. March 15, 2025. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Marcus-Garvey
Maskelyne, John Nevil. Sharps and Flats: A Complete Revelation of The Secrets of Cheating at Games of Chance and Skill (Longmans, Green, and Co., 1894).
Mikkelson, Barbara. “Playing Card Superstitions.” Snopes. May 8, 2007. https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/the-pasteboard-jungle/
Mother Shipton’s Gipsy Fortune Teller and Dream Book (Henry J. Wehman, 1890).
Obarska, Marcelina (trans. A.P.). “Garlic, Gambling & Clean Underwear: Interpreting Dreams the Old Polish Way.” Culture.pl. March 14, 2022. https://culture.pl/en/article/dream-interpretation-the-old-polish-way
Pajich, Bob. “Men of Action — Wild Bill Hickok.” Card Player. November 20, 2012. https://www.cardplayer.com/poker-news/14467-men-of-action-wild-bill-hickok
Pennick, Nigel. Secret Games of the Gods: Ancient Ritual Systems in Board Games (Samuel Weiser, Inc., 1992).
Piccione, Peter. “Gaming With the Gods: The Game of Senet and Ancient Egyptian Religious Beliefs: A Book Proposal.” Peter A. Piccione, Ph.D. 2020. https://piccionep.people.charleston.edu/senet_web.html
Popovici, Alice. “The Game Clue Was Borne of Boredom during WWII Air-Raid Blackouts | HISTORY. 13 June 2018. www.history.com/articles/clue-game-origin-wwii.
Radford, E., and M.A. Radford. Encyclopaedia of Superstitions (Philosophical Library, 1949).
Roud, Steve. The Penguin Guide to the Superstitions of Britain and Ireland (Penguin Books, 2006).
Rumeo, Giustino. Nueva Smorfia del Giuoco Del Lotto (L. Chiaruzzi, 1866).
Sennik Loteryjny Nowy, Przez Doświadczonego Gracza W Loteryja, Napisany Pierwszy Raz Drukiem Wydany (J. Wróblewskiego, 1832).
Shafton, Anthony. Dream-Singers: The African-American Way with Dreams (John Wiley & Sons, 2002).
“Sir John Dalrymple, 1st Earl of Stair.” Undiscovered Scotland. [n.d.] https://www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk/usbiography/d/johndalrymple.html
Sorlin, Pierre. Dreamtelling (Reaktion Books, 2003).
Tea, Michelle. “What Our Dreams Tell Us About Ourselves and About the World.” Lit Hub. October 2, 2024. https://lithub.com/what-our-dreams-tell-us-about-ourselves-and-about-the-world/
Taylor, Rev. Ed. S. (ed). The History of Playing Cards with Anecdotes of their use in Conjuring, Fortune-telling, and Card-sharping (John Camden Hotten, 1865).
Vandegrift, Christopher W. “Oneirocritica Afro-Americana: Dreaming of lucky numbers.” Cabinet. Spring 2019-Winter 2020. https://www.cabinetmagazine.org/issues/67/vandegrift.php?ssp_iabi=1677807673588
Walker, Damian Gareth. A Book of Historic Board Games (Lulu.com, 2014).
“The Way-Back Machine: A Look at the Oldest Card Games in Existence.” Cards Realm. March 27, 2024. https://cardsrealm.com/en-jm/articles/the-way-back-machine-a-look-at-the-oldest-card-games-in-existence
White, Shane, Stephen Garton, Stephen Robertson, and Graham White. Playing the Numbers: Gambling in Harlem between the Wars (Harvard University Press, 2010).
Yronwode, Catherine. “Herbert Gladstone Parris (Prof. Konje, Prof. De Herbert) Author Of Lottery Dream Books.” Lucky Mojo. [n.d.] https://www.luckymojo.com/professorkonje.html
Sources from Legends 68
Almocera Reuel U. “Popular Filipino Spirit-World Beliefs, With a Proposed Theological Response.” Journal of Asia Adventist Seminary. Vol. 3. No. 1, 2000, pp.3-23.
Arnason, Jón. Icelandic Legends. London: Richard Bentley, 1867. Digital. https://archive.org/details/icelandiclegends00jnrn/mode/2up.
Averett, Nancy. “Studying Volcanoes Through Myths, Legends, & Other Unconventional Data.” EOS. 4/22/2022. https://eos.org/features/studying-volcanoes-through-myths-legends-other-unconventional-data.
Barras, Colin. “Is an Aboriginal Tale of an Ancient Volcano the Oldest Story Ever Told?” Science. 2/11/2020. https://www.science.org/content/article/aboriginal-tale-ancient-volcano-oldest-story-ever-told.
Begum, Tammana. “The 1883 Krakatau Eruption: A Year of Blue Moons.” Natural History Museum. https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/the-1883-krakatau-eruption-a-year-of-blue-moons.html.
Bhatia, Aatish. “The Sound So Loud That it Circled the Earth Four Times.” Nautilus. 9/26/2014. https://nautil.us/the-sound-so-loud-that-it-circled-the-earth-four-times-235101/.
Blong, R.J. “The Krakatoa Myth and the New Guinea Highlands.” The Journal of the Polyneasian Society, Vol. 84, No. 2, 1975, pp.213-217. JSTOR. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20705065.
Cartwright, Mark. “The Aztec New Fire Ceremony.” World History Encyclopedia. 2/17/2016. https://www.worldhistory.org/article/866/the-aztec-new-fire-ceremony/.
Chapple, Geoff. Terrain: Travels Through a Deep Landscape. Penguin Random House New Zealand, 2015. E-book.
Cowan, James. Fairy Folk Tales of the Maori. Auckland: Whitcombe & Tombs Limited, 1925. Digital. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Fairy_Folk_Tales_of_the_Maori/n7XfAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Fairy+Folk+Tales+of+the+Maori+tarawera&pg=PA150&printsec=frontcover.
Delbeke, M. Edmunde. Religion and Morals of the Early Filipinos at the Coming of the Spaniards. Manila: Sto. Thomas University Press, 1928. Digital. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Religion_and_Morals_of_the_Early_Filipin/XHbB8sJWQB8C?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=lalahon.
Dvorak, John. “Volcano Myths and Rituals.” American Scientist. 2025. https://www.americanscientist.org/article/volcano-myths-and-rituals.
“The Eruption of Mt. Tarawera—Roadside Stories.” Manatū Taonga Ministry for Culture & Heritage. https://nzhistory.govt.nz/media/video/eruption-mt-tarawera-roadside-stories.
“Exploring a Volcanic Ritual on the Indonesian Island of Java.” Global Trekker. 2024. https://www.globaltrekker.org/home/exploring-a-volcanic-ritual-on-the-indonesian-island-of-java.
“Fires of Inferno.” The Wheeling Daily Intelligencer. Vol. 32, No. 6, p.1. 8/30/1883. https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84026844/1883-08-30/ed-1/seq-1/#date1=1777&index=1&rows=20&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&words=FIRES+INFERNO&proxdistance=5&date2=1963&ortext=&proxtext=&phrasetext=fires+of+inferno&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1&loclr=blogser.
Gershon, Livia. “How Volcanic Eruptions Helped the Ancestral Puebloan Culture Flourish.” Smithsonian Magazine. 12/6/2021. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-volcanic-eruptions-helped-ancestral-pueblo-culture-flourish-180979162/.
“The Glowing Sunsets.” The Daily Enterprise. 12/13/1883. https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85053382/1883-12-13/ed-1/seq-2/#date1=1883&index=0&rows=20&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&words=fire+sunset+Sunsets+sunsets&proxdistance=5&date2=1883&ortext=&proxtext=&phrasetext=&andtext=fire+sunsets&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1&loclr=blogser.
Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. “Volcano Watch—Strong Ties Between Volcanoes and Religion.” USGS. 1/7/2010. https://www.usgs.gov/observatories/hvo/news/volcano-watch-strong-ties-between-volcanoes-and-religion.
Helmke, Christophe; García, Montero; and Arturo, Ismael. “Caves and New Fire Ceremonies in the Central Mexican Highlands: The Case of the Cerro de la Estrella, Iztapalapa, Mexico.” Contributions in New World Archaeology, Vol. 10, 2016, pp.55-100. https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/54009354/Helmke_CNWA_10-libre.pdf?1501384984=&response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3DCaves_and_new_fire_ceremonies_in_the_cen.pdf&Expires=1743513777&Signature=dZATqPB8hTc1ktVX7hDJAMckfy-Z~IXnCmeZ3FWVAV-gFbIa85VnaZlfegiDRk8U~KeJQ1oQs9huZKl4r8ng2uk-4dmmNcmJADC1YmcANwCiMxGbo-9qQNhpp34A1XtRYCOczXGcpmuvzL-~O~cq64D~M9y0ZqFFhu1HJtmu--Miy5GrFkThI1FAjGQt9PkgXnPtU33t8kp0kif0gNEDxSoIgLbds-SgTLIL5W~DggKDQjJd2ZuM5Ay28qGYOc0OgCU2m3nSeI-BJP~AYWxs-eSbHIiCL1F266u73x2mE4fUE5dDk3kNhQDwU8AtGkNrDl0Tvo7FVRK8MvOXih273g__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA.
History.com Editors. “Krakatoa.” History. A&E Television Networks. Updated 2/27/2025. https://www.history.com/articles/krakatoa.
“How Do Volcanoes Work?” Volcano Eruptions and Their Repose, Unrest, Precursors, and Timing, National Academy of Sciences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2017. Digital. https://nap.nationalacademies.org/read/24650/chapter/5.
“How Volcanoes Form.” British Geological Survey. 2025. https://www.bgs.ac.uk/discovering-geology/earth-hazards/volcanoes/how-volcanoes-form-2/.
Jóhannesgóttir, G. and Gísladóttir, G. “People Living Under Threat of Volcanic Hazard in Southern Iceland: Vulnerability and Risk Perception.” Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, Vol. 10, 2010, pp.407-420. https://nhess.copernicus.org/articles/10/407/2010/nhess-10-407-2010.pdf.
Kaputu, Felix Ulombe. “Global Shamanism in Context: Itako (From Osorezan, Aomori, Japan) and Mikishi (Lake Mweru, Katanga, Democratic Republic of Congo).” Asian Cultural Studies Special Issue, Vol. 36, 2010, pp.151-200.
“Katla Eruptions.” Icelandic Meteorological Office. https://en.vedur.is/volcanoes/katla/katla-eruptions/.
“Katla Volcanic Eruption in Iceland.” Iceland On The Web. https://www.icelandontheweb.com/articles-on-iceland/nature/volcanoes/katla.
Leafloor, Liz. “Deadly Volcanoes: The Eruptions That Reshaped the World and Became Legends—Part II.” Ancient Origins. 7/26/2015. https://www.ancient-origins.net/history/deadly-volcanoes-eruptions-reshaped-world-and-became-legends-part-ii-003490.
Lockwood, John P.; Hazlett, Richard W.; and De La Cruz-Reyna, Servando. Volcanoes: Global Perspectives. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2022. Digital. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Volcanoes/H_eGEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=volcano+superstitions&pg=PA38&printsec=frontcover.
Magnúsdóttir, Lilja. “Folk Tale: The Story of Katla the Hag and Her Magic Breeches.” Skaftárhreppur. https://www.klaustur.is/visitklaustur/afthreying/folk-tale-the-story-of-katla-the-hag-and-her-magic-breeches.
Malone, Jason Caleb. “A Web of Relations: On the 1886 Tarawera Eruption and the Agency of Spiritual Forces in History.” The University of Auckland. 2023. https://researchspace.auckland.ac.nz/server/api/core/bitstreams/03dc043d-e575-43b1-bd81-6d804c477d5a/content.
Maynard, Roger. “The Legacy of Krakatoa.” Independent. 8/23/2008. https://www.the-independent.com/news/world/australasia/the-legacy-of-krakatoa-907230.html.
McSaveney, Eileen. “‘Historic Earthquakes—Earthquakes in Māori Tradition.’” Te Ara—The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Updated 11/1/2017. https://teara.govt.nz/en/historic-earthquakes/page-1.
“Medieval Monks Accidentally Recorded Some of History’s Biggest Volcanic Eruptions.” University of Cambridge. 4/5/2023. https://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/medieval-monks-accidentally-recorded-some-of-historys-biggest-volcanic-eruptions.
“Mount Osore.” GaijinPot Travel. https://travel.gaijinpot.com/mount-osore/.
Mucek, Adonara. “Tarawera and the Phantom Canoe.” Oregon State University. 2/12/2016. https://volcano.oregonstate.edu/news/tarawera-and-phantom-canoe.
Munch, Edvard. The Private Journals of Edvard Munch: We Are Flames Which Pour Out of the Earth. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press, 2005. pp.64-65. https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Private_Journals_of_Edvard_Munch/NliYsGnUBiUC?hl=en&gbpv=1.
“The Mysterious Katla Volcano Mythology and Folklore.” Perlan. 2025. https://perlan.is/articles/katla-volcano-mythology-folklore.
“Native American Myths.” Oregon State University. 2025. https://volcano.oregonstate.edu/native-american-myths.
Neil. “The Legends of Iceland’s Volcanoes.” BusTravel Iceland. 4/24/2019. https://bustravel.is/iceland-travel-information/the-legends-of-icelands-volcanoes.
Nordvig, A. Mathias Valentin. “Katla the Volcanic Witch: A Medieval Icelandic Recipe For Survival.” American/Medieval Goes North: Earth and Water in Transit, Gillian R. Overing and Ulrike Wiethaus, Eds, V&R Unipress, 2019, pp.67-84. E-book.
Nordvig, A. Mathias Valentin. “What Happens When ‘Hider’ and ‘Screamer’ Go Sailing With ‘Noisy’? Geomythological Traces in Old Icelandic Mythology.” Past Vulnerability: Vulcanic Eruptions and Human Vulnerability in Traditional Societies Past and Present, Felix Riede, Editor, Aarhus University Press, 2015, pp.75-88. Digital. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Past_Vulnerability/f9kKEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=legend+of+Katla&pg=PA75&printsec=frontcover.
Olson, Marilyn S., et al. “On the Blood-Red Sky of Munch’s The Scream.” Environmental History, Vol. 12, No. 1, 2007, pp.131-135. JSTOR. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25473036.
Orchiston, Wayne and Drummond, John. “The Mount Tarawera Volcanic Eruption in New Zealand and Māori Cometary Astronomy.” Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage, Vol. 22, No. 3, 2019, pp.521-535. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Wayne-Orchiston-2/publication/341489631_THE_MOUNT_TARAWERA_VOLCANIC_ERUPTION_IN_NEW_ZEALAND_AND_MAORI_COMETARY_ASTRONOMY/links/5ec3ee2d299bf1c09aca2ee5/THE-MOUNT-TARAWERA-VOLCANIC-ERUPTION-IN-NEW-ZEALAND-AND-MAORI-COMETARY-ASTRONOMY.pdf.
Quilo, Queenie S., et al. “Indigenous Knowledge and Practices: Approach to Understanding Disaster.” Philippine Sociological Review. Vol. 63, 2015, pp.105-129. JSTOR. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24717189.
Readman, Kurt. “The Phantom Canoe of Lake Tarawera: The Volcanic Warning.” Historic Mysteries. 3/17/2023. https://www.historicmysteries.com/myths-legends/lake-tarawera-phantom-canoe/31316/.
“Ruaumoko—God of Earthquakes.” Earthquake Commission. 5/9/2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120509182933/http://www.eq-iq.co.nz/eq-intro/eq-stories/eq-stories-ruaumoko.aspx.
Schiffer, Wilhelm. “Necromancers in the Tōhoku.” Contemporary Religions in Japan, Vol. 8, Issue 2, pp.177-185. https://nirc.nanzan-u.ac.jp/journal/15/issue/284/article/1987.
Skeldon, Ronald. “Volcanic Ash, Hailstorms and Crops: Oral History From the Eastern Highlands of Papua New Guinea.” The Journal of the Polynesian Society, Vol. 86, No. 3, 1977, pp.403-409. JSTOR. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20705275.
Socha, Dagmara M.; Reinhard, Johan; and Perea, Ruddy Chávez. “Inca Human Sacrifices on Misti Volcano (Peru).” Latin American Antiquity. Vol. 32, Issue 1, March 2021, pp.138-153. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1017/laq.2020.78.
Sturdy, E.W. “The volcanic Eruption of Krakatoa.” The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1884/09/the-volcanic-eruption-of-krakatoa/376174/.
Symons, G.J., Editor. The Eruption of Krakatoa, and Subsequent Phenomena: A Report of the Krakatoa Committee of the Royal Society. London: Harrison and Sons, 1888. Digital. https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044032825895&seq=520.
“Tarawera, Phantom Canoe.” From An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand, edited by A. H. McLintock, 1966. Te Ara—the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. https://teara.govt.nz/en/1966/tarawera-phantom-canoe.
Taylor, Alan. “Yadnya Kasada: A Volcanic Ritual in Indonesia.” The Atlantic. 7/11/2024. https://www.theatlantic.com/photo/2024/07/yadnya-kasada-volcanic-ritual-indonesia/678967/.
Taylor, Paul W. “Myths, Legends and Volcanic Activity: An Example From Northern Tonga.” The Journal of the Polynesian Society, Vol. 104, No. 3, 1995, pp.323-346. JSTOR. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20706626.
Thomas, A.P.W. Report on the Eruption of Tarawera and Rotomahana, N.Z. Wellington: George Didsbury, 1888. From The Pamphlet Collection of Sir Robert Stout: Volume 68. Victoria University of Wellington Library. https://ndhadeliver.natlib.govt.nz/webarchive/20210104000423/http://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-Stout68-t21-front-d3.html.
Thomas, Heather. “Krakatoa: Fire in the Skies.” Library of Congress Blogs. 3/29/2022. https://blogs.loc.gov/headlinesandheroes/2022/03/krakatoa/.
Thompson, Theresa. “Under the Volcano—From Etna and Krakatoa to a Tale of Gothic Horror.” Minerva. https://minervamagazine.com/under-the-volcano.html#not-specified.
“Traditional Knowledge of Prehistoric Eruptions.” National Park Service. https://www.nps.gov/subjects/volcanoes/traditional-knowledge-of-prehistoric-eruptions.htm.
“Types of Volcanoes.” British Geological Survey. 2025. https://www.bgs.ac.uk/discovering-geology/earth-hazards/volcanoes/how-volcanoes-form/.
Villamor, Ignacio. Locust vs. Agriculture. Manila: Bureau of Printing, 1914. Digital. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Locust_Vs_Agriculture/PUhQAQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1.
Vitaliano, Dorothy B. Legends of the Earth: Their Geologic Origins. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1973. Digital. https://archive.org/details/legendsofearthth00vita/mode/2up.
“Volcano That Sparked Legend Has an Heir.” Tampa Bay Times. Updated 8/27/2005. https://www.tampabay.com/archive/2004/05/16/volcano-that-sparked-legend-has-an-heir/.
Watkins, Kennett. “The Phantom Canoe: A Legend of Lake Tarawera.” Auckland Art Gallery. https://www.aucklandartgallery.com/explore-art-and-ideas/artwork/349/the-phantom-canoe-a-legend-of-lake-tarawera.
Watson, James B. “Krakatoa’s Echo?” The Journal of the Polynesian Society, Vol. 72, No. 2, 1963, pp.152-155. JSTOR. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20704088.
Wei-Haas. “Volcanoes, Explained.” National Geographic. 1/15/2018. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/volcanoes.
Westervelt, William D. Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes. Honolulu: Mutual Publishing, 1999. Digital. https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781566470070/page/12/mode/2up.
Winchester, Simon. Krakatoa: The Day the World Exploded: August 27, 1883. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 2003. Digital. https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780965738026/mode/2up.
Withington, John. Disaster!: A History of Earthquakes, Floods, Plages, and Other Catastrophes. New York: Skyhorse Publishing, 2010, pp.17-21. Digital. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Disaster/6em6GWthNr4C?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=krakatoa.
Yarwood, Vaughan. “The Night Tarawera Awoke.” New Zealand Geographic. Issue 067, Sept/Oct. 2003. https://www.nzgeo.com/stories/the-night-tarawera-awoke/.
Sources from Lore 294
Andrus, Aubre, Megan Cooley Peterson, and Ebony Joy Wilkins. Real-Life Ghost Stories: Spine-Tingling True Tales (Capstone Press, 2020).
Armitage, Marc. “All About Mary: Children's use of the toilet ghost story as a mechanism for dealing with fear. But fear of what?” Contemporary Legend 9, December 2006: pp. 1-27.
Badal, James J. “The Kingsbury Run Murders.” Cleveland Police Museum. 2022. https://www.clevelandpolicemuseum.org/collections/torso-murders/
Baiduzh, Marina. “The Queen of Spades and Her ‘Sister’ Bloody Mary in Russian Contemporary Legends.” Contemporary Legend 3(3), 2013: pp. 78-99.
Barker, K. Brandon, and Claiborne Rice. Folk Illusions: Children, Folklore, and Sciences of Perception (Indiana University Press, 2019).
Bellamy, John Stark II. The Maniac in the Bushes: And More Tales of Cleveland Woe (Gray & Company, 1997).
“Bloody Mary.” The Human Exception. May 27, 2022. https://www.thehumanexception.com/l/bloody-mary/
Bronner, Simon J. American Children’s Folklore (August House, 1988).
Carpender, Jesse. “Legends abound regarding Bloody Mary Worth.” Lake County Journal. October 16, 2013. https://www.shawlocal.com/2013/10/14/legends-abound-regarding-bloody-mary-worth/ano8osd/
Davis, Christopher. “Shadows, Reflections, Mirrors and Vampires.” Vault of Thoughts. February 23, 2024. https://www.vaultofthoughts.com/2024/02/23/mirrors-and-vampires/
Dégh, Linda. Legend and Belief: Dialectics of a Folklore Genre (Indiana University Press, 2001).
DK. Cultural Treasures of the World. Penguin, 13 Sept. 2022, p. 103.
Dove, Laurie L., and Sascha Bos. “Why Is a Broken Mirror Bad Luck?” HowStuffWorks. August 8, 2023. https://people.howstuffworks.com/why-is-it-bad-luck-to-break-mirror.htm
Dundes, Alan. “Bloody Mary in the Mirror: A Ritual Reflection of Pre-Pubescent Anxiety.” Western Folklore 27(2/3), Spring-Summer 1998: pp. 119-135.
“Dracula and the Pop Culture Vampire.” Mythos. January 5, 2023. https://www.mythosblog.org/post/dracula-and-the-pop-culture-vampire
Edwards, Lynda. “Myths Over Miami: The Secret Stories of Homeless Children in Miami.” Miami New Times. June 5, 1997. https://www.miaminewtimes.com/news/myths-over-miami-6393117
Ellis, Bill. Lucifer Ascending: The Occult in Folklore and Popular Culture (University Press of Kentucky, 2004).
Ezell, Margaret J.M. “Looking Glass Histories.” Journal of British Studies 43(3), July 2004: pp. 317-338.
Goldstein, Diane E., Sylvia Ann Grider and Jeannie Banks Thomas. Haunting Experiences: Ghosts in Contemporary Folklore (Utah State University Press, 2007).
Guiley, Rosemary Ellen. The Encyclopedia of Werewolves, Vampires, and Other Monsters (Checkmark Books, 2005).
Hall, Kyle. “How to Play Bloody Mary.” WikiHow. May 22, 2025. https://www.wikihow.com/Play-Bloody-Mary
Hammer, Jill. “Mirror, Mirror On the Wall.” My Jewish Learning. [n.d.] https://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/mirror-mirror-on-the-wall/
Howard, Krissy. “The Legend Of Bloody Mary And The Real Woman Who May Have Inspired It.” All That’s Interesting. October 3, 2024. https://allthatsinteresting.com/bloody-mary
Janeček, Petr. “Bloody Mary or Krvavá Máří? Globalization and Czech Children’s Folklore.” Slovak Ethnology 62, 2014: pp. 221-243.
Kelleher, Katy. “The Ugly History of Beautiful Things: Mirrors.” Longreads. July 11, 2019. https://longreads.com/2019/07/11/the-ugly-history-of-beautiful-things-mirrors/
Knapp, Mary, and Herbert Knapp. One Potato, Two Potato…: The Secret Education of American Children (W.W. Norton & Company, 1976).
Langlois, Janet. “‘Mary Whales, I Believe in You.’” In Indiana Folklore: A Reader, ed. Linda Dégh (Indiana University Press, 1980): pp. 196-224.
McElheny, Josiah. “A Short History of the Glass Mirror.” Cabinet Magazine 14, Summer 2004. https://www.cabinetmagazine.org/issues/14/mcelheny.php
McIlvenna, Una. “What Inspired Queen ‘Bloody’ Mary’s Gruesome Nickname?” History. January 31, 2025. https://www.history.com/articles/queen-mary-i-bloody-mary-reformation
Mikkelson, Barbara. “Is the Bloody Mary Story True?” Snopes. April 27, 2001. https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/bloody-mary-story/
Neulander, Judith S. Folklore of Lake Erie (Indiana University Press, 2024).
O’Donnell, James J. “Catoptromancy!” Apuleius, Apology. [n.d.] https://faculty.georgetown.edu/jod/apuleius/catoptromancy.html
Ogden, Daniel. Greek and Roman Necromancy (Princeton University Press, 2001).
Opie, Iona, and Moria Tatem. A Dictionary of Superstitions (Oxford University Press, 1990).
Paul, A.D. “Mirrors in the Bible and in Jewish Tradition.” Jewish Currents. February 11, 2018. https://jewishcurrents.org/mirrors-in-the-bible-and-in-jewish-tradition
Place, Robert M., with Rosemary Ellen Guiley. Astrology and Divination (Infobase Publishing, 2008).
Pulliam, June Michele, and Anthony J. Fonesca (eds.). Ghosts in Popular Culture and Legend (ABC-CLIO, 2016).
Radford, E., and M.A. Radford, edited and revised by Christina Hole. The Encyclopedia of Superstitions (Barnes & Noble Books, 1996).
Reid, Terri. “Bloody Mary Worth.” Terri Reid, author. April 30, 2021. https://terrireid.com/bloody-mary-worth/
Ronca, Debra. “Where did the legend of Bloody Mary come from?” HowStuffWorks. [n.d.] https://people.howstuffworks.com/bloody-mary-legend.htm
Ryan, W.F. The Bathhouse at Midnight: An Historical Survey of Magic and Divination in Russia (The Pennsylvania State University Press, 1999).
“Salem Witch Trials.” Boston Public Library. June 9, 2025. https://guides.bpl.org/salemwitchtrials/home
Selzer, Adam. “Bloody Mary and Mary Worth.” Mysterious Chicago. December 14, 2009. https://mysteriouschicago.com/bloody-mary-and-mary-worth/
Tucker, Elizabeth. Children’s Folklore: A Handbook (Greenwood Press, 2008).
Tucker, Elizabeth. “Ghosts in Mirrors: Reflections of the Self.” The Journal of American Folklore 118(468), Spring 2005: pp. 186-203.
Westfahl, Gary (ed.). The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Science Fiction and Fantasy: Themes, Works, and Wonders, Vol. 2 (Greenwood Press, 2005).
Sources from Legends 67
Brown, Howard B. (ed.). The Ontario Law Reports: Cases Determined in the Supreme Court of Ontario (Appellate and High Court Divisions): 1920 (Vol. XLVII) (Canada Law Book Company, 1920)
Choquette, Leslie. “From Sea Monsters and Savages to Sorcerers and Satan: A History of Fear in New France.” In Lauric Henneton & Louis Roper (eds.), Fear and the Shaping of Early American Societies (Brill, 2016): pp. 38-59.
Conliffe, Ciaran. “Marie-Josephte Corriveau.” HeadStuff. March 13, 2017. https://headstuff.org/culture/history/marie-josephte-corriveau/
Cowan, Mairi. The Possession of Barbe Hallay: Diabolical Arts and Daily Life in Early Canada (McGill-Queen's University Press, 2022).
Demers, Kayla. “The Darker Side: The Rumbold Murder.” Heritage News 25(2), Spring 2012: pp. 4, 12.
Dickie, Francis. “Policing the Arctic Wilds.” Popular Mechanics 45(3), March 1926: pp. 443-446.
Gélinas, Marion. “A Shrine for Marie-Josephte Corriveau and for all women who are victims of domestic violence.” Unpublished Master’s Thesis, University of British Columbia. May 2020. https://open.library.ubc.ca/media/stream/pdf/42591/1.0390867/4
“Girl Professes Occult Powers.” The Brantford Expositor. March 18, 1920. https://www.newspapers.com/image/732724096/
Greenwood, F. Murray, and Beverly Boissery. “The Many Trials of Marie-Josephte Corriveau.” In Uncertain Justice: Canadian Women and Capital Punishment, 1754-1953 (Dundurn Press, 2000).
Grundhauser, Eric. “The Hanging Cage That Held an Infamous Québec Murderess.” Atlas Obscura. November 2, 2017. https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/la-corriveaus-cage-quebec-canada
Honigmann, John J. “Witch-Fear in Post-Contact Kaska Society.” American Anthropologist 49(2), April-June 1947: pp. 222-243.
Honigmann, John J. “Kaska.” eHRAF World Cultures. [n.d.] https://ehrafworldcultures.yale.edu/cultures/nd12/summary
Hopper, Tristan. “When witch hunts stalked northern Canada in the not-too-distant past.” Ottawa Citizen. July 8, 2023. https://www.newspapers.com/image/981207748/
“La Corriveau.” The French Canadian Genealogist. [n.d.] https://www.tfcg.ca/la-corriveau-en
Lewis, Kyra, and Mary Murdoch. “Double, Double Toil and Trouble: The Tale of Maggie Pollock and the Huron County Witch Trial.” Huron County Museum & Historical Gaol. October 27, 2022. https://www.huroncountymuseum.ca/double-double-toil-and-trouble-the-tale-of-maggie-pollock-and-the-huron-county-witch-trial/
McBride, Jessica. “From Vilified to Victorious: Reconceiving La Corriveau in Anne Hébert’s La Cage.” Studies in Canadian Literature 36(2), 2011: pp. 129-142.
McMullin, Stan. Anatomy of a Seance: A History of Spirit Communication in Central Canada (McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2004).
Pedersen, Anne-Marie, and Annette McFadyen Clark. “Kaska Dena.” The Canadian Encyclopedia. November 18, 2024. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/kaska
Pelchat, André. “Sorcery in New France.” Canada’s History. December 5, 2016. https://www.canadashistory.ca/explore/french-canada/sorcery-in-new-france
Phillips, “Canada decriminalized fake witchcraft; but it was too late for the ‘white witch of the north.’” National Post. December 20, 2018. https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/canada-decriminalized-fake-witchcraft-but-it-was-too-late-for-the-white-witch-of-the-north
“Quebec’s Infamous La Corriveau.” Astonishing Legends. October 4, 2023. https://astonishinglegends.com/astonishing-legends/2023/10/4/quebecs-infamous-la-corriveau
“Queen’s Park Dubious Over Aid By Seeress.” The Toronto Daily Star. September 4, 1930. https://www.newspapers.com/image/932137496/
Report of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police for the Year Ended September 30, 1924 (F.C. Acland, 1925).
Report of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police for the Year Ended September 30, 1925 (F.C. Acland, 1926).
Report of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police for the Year Ended September 30, 1926 (F.C. Acland, 1927).
Sach, Bruce. “Canadian Urban Legends: La Corriveau of Quebec City.” Nuvo. July 2, 2021. https://nuvomagazine.com/culture/la-corriveau-of-quebec-city
Savath, Leslie. “The Legend of La Corriveau: Québécois Folklore and The Politics of Nation-Making in Canada.” Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, Carleton University. 2021. https://carleton.scholaris.ca/server/api/core/bitstreams/d6d3382c-c2f2-4c2d-95c8-cc8b1ce18a87/content
Schlosser, S.E. “La Corriveau.” American Folklore. [n.d.] https://americanfolklore.net/folklore/2010/10/la_corriveau.html
“Seeress May Work On Murder Cases.” The Daily Gleaner. September 6, 1930. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1099933410/
Senanayake, Kiara. “Lecture Me! On Demonic Infestations in 17th Century Québec.” The Medium. October 17, 2022. https://themedium.ca/lecture-me-on-demonic-infestations-in-17th-century-quebec-2/
“She Must Not Profess Nor Practise Occult Powers.” The Toronto Star Weekly. November 13, 1920. https://www.newspapers.com/image/991331363/
Starkman, Harvey. “Bessie Starkman ran off with Rocco Perri. But what happened to the husband she left behind?” The Hamilton Spectator. August 13, 2021. https://www.thespec.com/opinion/contributors/bessie-starkman-ran-off-with-rocco-perri-but-what-happened-to-the-husband-she-left/article_22c2cff8-5ca4-5ae9-9d6e-c114ff1c7af4.html
Tarlow, Sarah. “The Technology of the Gibbet.” International Journal of Historical Archaeology 18(4), September 2014: pp. 668-699.
Sources from Lore 293
“31 Days of Hallowe’en, Day 4: Mother Shipton’s Cave & The Petrifying Well.” Wednesday’s Child. October 4, 2020. https://wednesdayschildisfullofwoeblog.wordpress.com/2020/10/04/31-days-of-halloween-day-4-mother-shiptons-cave-the-petrifying-well/
Bradbury, Ray. “Embroidery.” In Ray Bradbury, Twice Twenty-Two (Doubleday & Company, 1959).
Brain, Jessica. “Mother Shipton and Her Prophesies.” Historic UK. April 5, 2022. https://www.historic-uk.com/CultureUK/Mother-Shipton-Prophesies/
Castleton, David. “Mother Damnable – the Wicked Witch of Camden Town Tube Station.” The Serpent’s Pen. March 4, 2021. https://www.davidcastleton.net/mother-damnable-witch-camden-town-london-mother-red-cap-black-cap/
Devillers, Carolyn. “Sioux Legend of the Old Woman in the Cave.” Extraordinary Women Leaders in Speleology (EWLS). October 13, 2014. http://extraordinarywls.blogspot.com/2014/10/sioux-legend-of-old-woman-in-cave.html
“The End of the World.” Aktá Lakota Museum & Cultural Center. [n.d.] https://aktalakota.stjo.org/lakota-legends/the-end-of-the-world/
Gardiner, James (ed). Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, of the Reign of Henry VIII, Vol XI, Part I (Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1890).
Gordon, Beverly. “Deep-Seated Associations: Textile Threads in Language, Myths, Fairy Tales, and Novels.” PieceWork. May 15, 2023. https://pieceworkmagazine.com/deep-seated-associations-textile-threads-in-language-myths-fairy-tales-and/
“Great British Bake Off Stars at Mother Shipton’s.” Mother Shipton’s. September 21, 2021. https://www.mothershipton.co.uk/great-british-bake-off-stars-at-mother-shiptons/
“The Great Fire of London.” Royal Museums Greenwich. [n.d.] https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/topics/great-fire-london
Harrison, William H. Mother Shipton Investigated (W.H. Harrison, 1881).
Hindley, Charles. The Life, Prophecies, and Death of the Famous Mother Shipton (J. Buck, 1862).
Holmes, Rhiannon. “Mother Shipton's Cave and the Petrifying Well.” Atlas Obscura. March 19, 2012. https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/mother-shipton-s-cave-and-the-petrifying-well
Hudson, Graham. “Mother Shipton and the Dropping Well.” The Ephemera Society. 2003. http://www.ephemera-society.org.uk/articles/shipton.html
Jenkins, Richard. “The Fortunes of Mother Shipton.” Folklore Thursday. October 21, 2021. https://folklorethursday.com/legends/the-fortunes-of-mother-shipton/
Levy, Michelle. “Mother Shipton: The Oldest Woman in the WPHP.” The Women’s History Print Project. April 26, 2019. https://womensprinthistoryproject.com/blog/post/4
“Lost London – Mrs Salmon’s Waxworks…” Exploring London. April 19, 2013. https://exploring-london.com/2013/04/19/lost-london-mrs-salmons-waxworks/
Mackay, Charles. Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions (Lindsay and Blakiston, 1850).
McGrane, Laura. “Bewitching Politics and Unruly Performances: Mother Shipton Gets her Kicks in Restoration and Eighteenth-Century Popular and Print Culture.” Forum for Modern Language Studies 43(4), October 2007: pp. 370-384.
“Mother Shipton.” Butterfly Conservation. [n.d.] https://butterfly-conservation.org/moths/mother-shipton
Mother Shipton’s Legacy. Or, A Favourite Fortune-Book, In which is given, A Pleasing Interpretation Of Dreams: And A Collecting of Prophetic Verses, Moral and Entertaining (Wilson, Spence, and Mawman, 1797).
Mother Shipton’s Wheel of Fortune by means of which, you may learn your FUTURE DESTINY (J. March, 1861).
“Old Mother Shipton: The OG witch!” Herstorical Tours. October 16, 2024. https://www.herstoricaltours.co.uk/post/old-mother-shipton-the-og-witch
“The Ancient Art of Kitchen Divination.” Atlas Obscura. October 17, 2022. https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/food-fortune-telling
“The Park.” Mother Shipton’s. [n.d.] https://www.mothershipton.co.uk/the-park/
The Prophesie of Mother Shipton In the Reigne [sic] of King Henry the Eighth (Richard Lownds, 1642).
Red Shirt, Delphine. Bead on an Anthill: A Lakota Childhood (University of Nebraska Press, 1998).
Simon, Ed. “Divining the Witch of York: Propaganda and Prophecy.” The Public Domain Review. October 24, 2018. https://publicdomainreview.org/essay/divining-the-witch-of-york-propaganda-and-prophecy/
Stephen. “The Mystery Of Mother Shipton & Her Link To My Recent Find.” Source Vintage Antiques. June 13, 2022. https://source-vintage.co.uk/blogs/news/the-mystery-of-mother-shipton-her-link-to-my-recent-find
“The Story.” Mother Shipton’s. [n.d.] http://www.mothershipton.co.uk/the-story/
The Strange and Wonderful History of Mother Shipton, Plainly setting forth Her Prodigious Birth, Life, Death, and Burial. With an exact Collection of all her famous PROPHECYS [sic] More Compleat [sic] than ever yet before published. And large Explanations, shewing [sic] how they have all along been fulfilled to this very YEAR (Printed for W.H. and sold by J. Conyers, 1686).
Thornton, Tim. Prophecy, Politics and the People in Early Modern England (Boydell, 2006).
Torrence, Gaylord. Art of Native America: The Charles and Valerie Diker Collection (Yale University Press, 2018).
Webster, M.L. On the Trail Made of Dawn: Native American Creation Stories (Linnet Books, 2001).
Yang, Allie, and Jon Waterman. “Uncovering Native history in Badlands National Park.” National Geographic. November 11, 2021. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/article/uncovering-native-history-in-badlands-national-park