Derrett, J. Duncan M. “A Blemmya in India.” Numen, Vol. 49, No. 4 (2002), p. 466 https://www.jstor.org/stable/3270598
“Afterlife in Judaism.” Jewish Virtual Library. https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/afterlife.
Ashliman, D. L. “Aging and Death in Folklore.” Sites.Pitt.Edu. Updated 4/6/2021. https://sites.pitt.edu/~dash/aging.html.
Ashworth, William B., Jr. “Giovanni Aldini.” Linda Hall Library. 1/17/2023. https://www.lindahall.org/about/news/scientist-of-the-day/giovanni-aldini/.
Bellis, Mary. “The History of the Guillotine.” ThoughtCo. Updated 1/23/2019. https://www.thoughtco.com/history-of-the-guillotine-p2-1991842.
Bellows, Alan. “Lucid Decapitation.” Damn Interesting. April 2006. https://www.damninteresting.com/lucid-decapitation/.
“Blemmyes: The Headless Men of Ancient and Medieval Mythology.” Ancient Origins. 8/24/18. https://www.ancient-origins.net/myths-legends-africa/blemmyes-headless-men-ancient-and-medieval-mythology-003082
Chamayou, Grégoire. “The Debate Over Severed Heads: Doctors, the Guillotine and the Anatomy of Consciousness in the Wake of the Terror.” Revue d’Histoire Des Sciences, Vol. 61, No. 2, 2008, pp.333-365. https://www.cairn-int.info/abstract-E_RHS_612_0333--the-debate-over-severed-heads.htm?contenu=article.
Cheung, Tobias. “Limits of Life and Death: Legallois’s Decapitation Experiments.” Journal of the History of Biology, Vol. 46, No. 2, 2013, pp.283-313. JSTOR. http://www.jstor.org/stable/42628774.
Clark, Josh. “Do You Really Stay Conscious After Being Decapitated?” How Stuff Works. 2/27/2024. https://science.howstuffworks.com/science-vs-myth/extrasensory-perceptions/lucid-decapitation.htm.
“Comprehensive Guide to Hindu Funerals.” The Living Urn. 1/16/2021. https://www.thelivingurn.com/blogs/news/hindu-funerals#:~:text=The%20shraddha%20(%22SHRAHD-hah,enter%20the%20next%20world%20safely.
Conliffe, Ciaran. “Lacenaire, The Elegant Criminal.” HeadStuff. 1/24/2015. https://headstuff.org/culture/history/lacenaire-elegant-criminal/.
“The End Through Different Eyes.” Marie Curie. 10/29/2019. https://www.mariecurie.org.uk/talkabout/articles/death-customs-of-different-faiths/260276.
Forward, Nicholas Robert Charles. “The Arrest and Trial of Archbishop William Laud.” Core.ac.uk. March 2012. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/9552773.pdf.
Gerould, Daniel C. Guillotine, Its Legend and Lore. New York: Blast Books, 1992. https://archive.org/details/guillotineitsleg00dani/page/n5/mode/2up.
Harker, Joe. “Christopher Lee Witnessed The Last Public Execution By Guillotine.” Unilad. 6/22/2022. https://www.unilad.com/celebrity/christopher-lee-witnessed-last-public-execution-guillotine-20220622.
Gutterman’s & Gutterman Warheit. “Shemira—The Jewish Tradition of Watching the Body After Death.” Gutterman’s. 5/25/2020. https://guttermansinc.com/shemira-the-jewish-tradition-of-watching-the-body-after-death/#:~:text=In%20fact%2C%20it's%20common%20for,to%20seven%20days%20after%20death..
Hippisley Coxe, Antony D. Haunted Britain: A Guide to Supernatural Sites Frequented By Ghosts, Witches, Poltergeists and Other Mysterious Beings. London: Hutchinson & Co. (Publishers) Ltd, 1973. https://archive.org/details/hauntedbritaingu0000hipp/page/n7/mode/2up.
“History of Neuroscience: Luigi Galvani.” Neuroscientifically Challenged. https://neuroscientificallychallenged.com/posts/history-of-neuroscience-luigi-galvani.
Kevorkian, Jack. “A Brief History of Experimentation on Condemned and Executed Humans.” Journal of the National Medical Association, Vol. 77, No.3, 1985, pp. 215-226. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2561859/pdf/jnma00246-0061.pdf.
Klein, Christopher. “The Guillotine’s First Cut.” HISTORY. A&E Television Networks. Updated 8/30/2018. https://www.history.com/news/the-guillotines-first-cut.
Klemp, P. J. “Civil War Politics and the Texts of Archbishop William Laud’s execution Sermon and Prayers.” English Literary Renaissance, Vol. 43, No. 2, 2013, pp. 308-42. JSTOR. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43607614.
Larson, Frances. Severed: A History of Heads Lost and Heads Found. New York: Liveright Publishing Corporation, 2015. E-book.
“The Last Public Execution by Guillotine, 1939.” Rare Historical Photos. https://rarehistoricalphotos.com/last-public-execution-guillotine-1939/.
Lee, Christopher. Lord of Misrule: The Autobiography of Christopher Lee. London: Orion, 2004. https://archive.org/details/lordofmisruleaut0000leec/page/n5/mode/2up?q=Weidmann.
“The Living Head: A Gruesome Curiosity.” Scitales. 3/21/2020. https://scitales.com/the-living-head-a-gruesome-curiosity/.
MacDougall, Duncan. “Hypothesis Concerning Soul Substance Together with Experimental Evidence of the Existence of Such Substance.” New Dualism Archive. April 1907. https://www.newdualism.org/papers/D.MacDougall/soul-substance.htm.
Malov, John. “What is the Meaning of 9 and 40 Days After Death?” The Catalog of Good Deeds. 11/19/2022. https://catalog.obitel-minsk.com/blog/2022/11/what-is-the-significance-of-the-3-9-and-40-days-after-death.
Mark, Harrison W. “Charlotte Corday.” World History Encyclopedia. 10/24/2022. https://www.worldhistory.org/Charlotte_Corday/.
Mark, Joshua J. “The Soul in Ancient Egypt.” World History Encyclopedia. 3/2/2017. https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1023/the-soul-in-ancient-egypt/.
Mishra, Ish N. “Plato’s Theory of Soul.” Countercurrents.org. 10/8/2018. https://countercurrents.org/2018/08/platos-theory-of-soul/.
“Mythical Creatures: The Headless Blemmyes.” Just History Post. 4/22/20 https://justhistoryposts.com/2020/04/22/mythical-creatures-the-headless-blemmyes/
Oliveto, Joe. “49 Days After Death: Buddhist Mourning Explained.” Cake. 4/12/2024. https://www.joincake.com/blog/49-days-after-death-buddhism/.
Palmer, William G. “Invitation to a Beheading: Factions in Parliament, the Scots, and the Execution of Archbishop William Laud in 1645.” Historical Magazine of the Protestant Episcopal Church, Vol. 52, No. 1, 1983, pp.17-27. JSTOR. http://www.jstor.org/stable/42973928.
Pandya SK. “Understanding Brain, Mind and Soul: Contributions From Neurology and Neurosugery.” Mens Sana Monographs. Vol. 9, 1, (2011): 129-49. DOI: 10.4103/0973-1229.77431. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3115284/#:~:text=The%20soul%20or%20atman%2C%20credited,and%20generally%20in%20the%20brain..
Pappas, Stephanie. “How Much Does the Soul Weigh?” Live Science. 7/25/2022. https://www.livescience.com/32327-how-much-does-the-soul-weigh.html.
Parent, André. “Giovanni Aldini: From Animal Electricity to Human Brain Stimulation.” The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences, Vol. 31, No.4, (November 2004), pp.576-584. https://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/chn/docpdf/parent_aldini.pdf.
Potter, Bill. “Archbishop William Laud is Executed, January 10, 1645.” Landmark Events. 1/7/2019. https://landmarkevents.org/archbishop-william-laud-is-executed-1645/.
Prynne, William. A Breviate of the Life of William Laud Arch-bishop of Canterbury: Extracted (For the Most Part) Verbatim, Out of His Owne Diary, And Other Writings, Under His Owne Hand. London: F.L. for Michaell Sparke Senior, 1644. https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_a-breviate-of-the-life-_prynne-william_1644_0/page/n39/mode/2up.
Roach, Mary. Stiff: The Curious Lives of Human Cadavers. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2003. E-book.
Romeo, Jess. “The Decapitation Experiments of Jean César Legallois.” JSTOR Daily. 10/29/2020. https://daily.jstor.org/the-decapitation-experiments-of-jean-cesar-legallois/.
San Filippo, David. “Religious Interpretations of Death, Afterlife & NDEs.” National Louis University Digital Commons. January 2006. https://digitalcommons.nl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1031&context=faculty_publications.
Sargent, Lucius M. Dealings with The Dead by A Sexton of the Old School, Vol. II. Boston: Project Gutenberg, 1856. E-book. https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/39675/pg39675-images.html.
Schama, Simon. Citizens: A Chronicle of the French Revolution. New York: Vintage Books, 1990. https://archive.org/details/citizenschronicl0000scha_c1v6/page/n5/mode/2up.
Schwarcz, Joe. “Professor Aldini’s Strange Antics.” McGill. 3/20/2017. https://www.mcgill.ca/oss/article/history-quirky-science-science-science-everywhere/professor-aldinis-strange-antics.
“Some Oxfordshire Ghosts.” Haunted Britain and Ireland. https://www.haunted-britain.com/haunted-oxfordshire.htm.
“Soul Has Weight, Physician Thinks.” The New York Times. 3/11/1907. p.5. https://www.newspapers.com/image/20585157/?match=1.
Stead, Philip John, translator. The Memoirs of Lacenaire. New York: Roy Publishers, 1952. https://archive.org/details/memoirsoflacenai0000unse/page/6/mode/2up.
Steinbach, H. B. “Animal Electricity.” Scientific American, Vol. 182, No. 2 (February 1950), pp.40-43. JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/24967379.
Torello, Joan. “The Hippocratic Soul.” Journal of Psychology & Clinical Psychiatry. 4(5): 00230. 12/21/2015. https://medcraveonline.com/JPCPY/the-hippocratic-soul.html.
“Traditional European Folklore on Death and Dying.” Nonfictioness. 11/29/2018. https://nonfictioness.com/folklore/traditional-european-folklore-on-death-and-dying/.
Turner, Matthew D. ““The Most Gentle of Lethal Methods”: The Question of Retained Consciousness Following Decapitation.” Cureus, Vol. 15, 1, 333830. 1/16/2023. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.33830. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9930870/.
Uzell, Jennifer. “Factsheet: Death and Funerals in World Religions.” Religion Media Centre. 3/27/2018. https://religionmediacentre.org.uk/factsheets/death-funeral-rituals-in-world-religions/.
“Weidmann to Pay With Life On French Guillotine Today.” News and Record. 6/17/1939, p.3. https://www.newspapers.com/image/937627414/?match=1&terms=Eugene%20Weidmann.
Sources from Legends 49
Bane, Theresa. Encyclopedia of Fairies in World Folklore and Mythology (McFarland & Company, 2013).
Belanger, Jeff. The Encyclopedia of Haunted Places: Ghostly Locales from Around the World, Revised Edition (The Career Press, 2009).
“The Capture of Fort Ticonderoga.” History. June 22, 2023. https://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution/capture-of-fort-ticonderoga
Carr, Julie. “Fort Ontario.” HauntedHouses.com. [n.d.] http://hauntedhouses.com/new-york/fort-ontario/
Carr, Julie. “Fort Ticonderoga.” HauntedHouses.com. [n.d.] https://hauntedhouses.com/new-york/fort-ticonderoga/
Carr, Julie. “Fort William Henry Museum.” HauntedHouses.com. [n.d.] https://hauntedhouses.com/new-york/fort-william-henry-museum/
“Champion Ghost of the Century.” The West Coast Times. July 30, 1877. https://www.newspapers.com/image/925410101/
Chau, Ryan, and Austin Mardon. “Battle of Carillon.” Britannica. July 1, 2023. https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Carillon
Cole, Krystal. “Visitors to Fort Ontario want to know: Is there a ghost on post?” Spectrum News 1. October 20, 2023. https://spectrumlocalnews.com/nys/central-ny/news/2023/10/20/visitirs-to-fort-ontario-ask-if-there-s-a-ghost-on-post
De Veaux, Samuel. The Traveller’s Own Book, to Saratoga Springs, Niagara Falls, and Canada (Faxon & Co., 1841).
“Empire State Haunt.” Ghost Hunters. Season 6, Episode 22. Aired November 10, 2010.
Farnsworth, Cheri. The Big Book of New York Ghost Stories (Globe Pequot, 2009).
Farnsworth, Cheri. Haunted New York (Stackpole Books, 2005).
Floyd, E. Randall. In the Realm of Ghosts and Hauntings (Harbor House, 2002).
“Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter.” Historic Fort Ontario. [n.d.] https://historicfortontario.com/americas-holocaust-refugee-shelter/
“Fort Ontario Ghost Tours and Reveal Set for Oct. 16 and 17.” Oswego County Today. September 14, 2015. https://oswegocountytoday.com/news/oswego/fort-ontario-ghost-tours-and-reveal-set-for-oct-16-and-17/
“Fort Ontario - Real Oswego Haunt.” New York Haunted Houses. [n.d.] https://www.newyorkhauntedhouses.com/real-haunt/fort-ontario.html
“Fort Ticonderoga.” American Battlefield Trust. [n.d.] https://www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/fort-ticonderoga
“Fort Ticonderoga.” Ghost Hunters. Season 6, Episode 2. Aired March 10, 2010.
“Fort Ticonderoga: 7 Revolutionary War Site Facts.” Fort Ticonderoga. [n.d.] https://www.fortticonderoga.org/travelerstips/fort-ticonderoga-7-revolutionary-war-site-facts/
“Fort Ticonderoga - Real Haunt in Ticonderoga NY.” New York Haunted Houses. [n.d.] https://www.newyorkhauntedhouses.com/real-haunt/fort-ticonderoga.html
“Fort William Henry.” Portals to Hell. Season 2, Episode 2. Aired March 20, 2020. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt11968400/
Gallivan, Peter. “Unknown Stories of WNY: Monsters, Myths & Legends.” WGRZ. October 24, 2016. https://www.wgrz.com/article/news/local/unknown-stories/unknown-stories-of-wny-monsters-myths-legends/71-340744229
“George Fikes - The Oswego Ghost (1877).” Memory Ln. [n.d.] https://memoryln.net/places/united-states/new-york/oswego/haunted-paranormal/george-fikes-the-oswego-ghost-1877/
Goth, Mitch. “Old Fort Niagara.” Haunted US. [n.d.] https://hauntedus.com/new-york/old-fort-niagara/
Graham, Stacey. Haunted Stuff: Demonic Dolls, Screaming Skulls & Other Creepy Collectibles (Llewellyn, 2014).
Hallum, Katie. “Hope in Sight for Oklahoma Superfund Site Thanks to Efforts by Quapaw Nation.” KGOU. September 2, 2024. https://www.kgou.org/indigenous-news/2024-09-02/hope-in-sight-for-oklahoma-superfund-site-thanks-to-efforts-by-quapaw-nation.
Hannah, Zoë. “The 10 Most Haunted Forts in America.” Haunted Rooms America. [n.d.] https://www.hauntedrooms.com/haunted-forts
Hauck, Dennis William. Haunted Places: The National Directory: Ghostly Abodes, Sacred Sites, UFO Landings, and Other Supernatural Locations (Penguin, 2002).
“History of Fort William Henry.” Fort William Henry Museum. [n.d.] https://www.fwhmuseum.com/history/
“hobgoblin (n.).” Online Etymology Dictionary. September 28, 2017. https://www.etymonline.com/word/hobgoblin
Jones, Janelle. “Legendary Creatures, Spooky Fog, And Murder.” Lake Champlain Region. October 15, 2021. https://www.lakechamplainregion.com/story/2021/legendary-creatures-spooky-fog-and-murder
LaChiusa, Chuck. “Old Fort Niagara.” History of Buffalo. [n.d.] https://www.buffaloah.com/h/ftNiag/index.html
Lewis, Thea. Ghosts and Legends of Lake Champlain (Arcadia Publishing, 2012).
Lohan, Tara. “Why 40 Years on the Superfund List Hasn’t Saved Tar Creek.” In These Times. April 24, 2021. https://inthesetimes.com/article/tar-creek-superfund-site-oklahoma-acid-mine-runoff.
Makos, Isaac. “The Battle of Fort Carillon (1758).” American Battlefield Trust. June 4, 2021. https://www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/battle-fort-carillon-1758
Miller, Kyle. “A Scottish Ghost In The Adirondacks.” Lake Champlain Region. October 31, 2016. https://www.lakechamplainregion.com/story/2016/10/scottish-ghost-adirondacks
“Most Haunted Places in New York State.” Haunted Rooms America. [n.d.] https://www.hauntedrooms.com/new-york/haunted-places
Niderost, Eric. “Fort William Henry, 1757: a Massacre of Misunderstanding.” Military Heritage 8(1), August 2006: pp. 36-45.
Nye, Phil. “Haunted Historic Fort Ticonderoga.” Lite 98.7. July 26, 2013. https://lite987.com/haunted-historic-fort-ticonderoga-cny-paranormal/
“Picher, Oklahoma.” Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picher,_Oklahoma.
Shepherd, Dan. “Last Residents of Picher, Oklahoma Won’t Give Up the Ghost (Town).” NBC News. April 26, 2014. https://www.nbcnews.com/news/investigations/last-residents-picher-oklahoma-won-t-give-ghost-town-n89611.
Starbuck, David R. “The ‘Massacre’ at Fort William Henry History Archaeology, and Re-enactement.” Expedition Magazine 50(1), March 2008: pp. 17-25.
Starbuck, David R. “A Retrospective on Archaeology at Fort William Henry, 1952-1993: Retelling the Tale of The Last of the Mohicans.” Northeast Historical Archaeology 20, 1991: pp. 8-25.
“Superfund Site: Tar Creek (Ottawa County).” EPA. https://cumulis.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0601269.
“Tar Creek Remade: Taking on 120 Years of Environmental Justice at an Oklahoma Superfund Site.” Harvard. https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/2021/06/tar-creek-remade-taking-on-120-years-of-environmental-injustice-at-an-oklahoma-superfund-site/
Thompson, Dave. Haunted America FAQ: All That’s Left to Know About the Most Haunted Houses, Cemeteries, Battlefields, and More (Backbeat Books, 2015).
Webster, Dennis. Haunted Adirondacks (Haunted America, 2021).
“WNY's Most Haunted: The Hobgoblin of Fort Niagara.” WGRZ-TV. October 30, 2019. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e6qTq7TXG_k
Sources from Lore 275
Cawthorne, Nigel. Witches: The History of a Persecution (Arcturus Publishing, 2019).
de Rolley, Thibaut Maus. “The English Afterlife of a French Magician: The Life and Death of Lewis Gaufredy.” In Seventeenth-Century Fiction: Text and Transmission, ed. Jacqueline Glomski and Isabelle Moreau (Oxford University Press, 2016).
“Discover the great periods of the history of the Ursulines.” Ursulines of the Canadian Union. [n.d.] http://www.ursulines-uc.com/en/remembering/the-origins-of-the-ursulines/
Evangelisti, Silvia. Nuns: A History of Convent Life, 1450-1700 (Oxford University Press, 2008).
Ferber, Sarah. Demonic Possession and Exorcism in Early Modern France (Routledge, 2004).
Guiley, Rosemary Ellen. The Encyclopedia of Demons and Demonology (Facts on File, 2009).
Howitt, William. A Popular History of Priestcraft in All Ages and Nations (Effingham Wilson, 1834).
Klaits, Joseph. Servants of Satan: The Age of the Witch Hunts (Indiana University Press, 1985).
Levack, Brian P. The Devil Within: Possession and Exorcism in the Christian West (Yale University Press, 2013).
Levack, Brian P. (ed). The Witchcraft Sourcebook, second edition (Taylor & Francis, 2015).
Luebke, David M. “Instruments of Judicial Torture.” 301 Modern Europe. [n.d.] https://pages.uoregon.edu/dluebke/301ModernEurope/301Week07--Torture.html
“Martha Brossier.” The New York Times. December 28, 1874. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1874/12/28/82747886.html?pageNumber=4
Michelet, Jules, trans. L.J. Trotter. La Sorcèrie: The Witch of the Middle Ages (Simpkin, Marshall, and Co., 1863).
O’Reilly, Bernard. St. Angela Merici and the Ursulines (Pollard & Moss, 1880).
Pearl, Jonathan L. The Crime of Crimes: Demonology and Politics in France, 1560-1620 (Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 2006).
Rosen, George. “Psychopathology in the Social Process: Dance Frenzies, Demonic Possession, Revival Movements and Similar so-called Psychic Epidemics. An Interpretation.” Bulletin of the History of Medicine 36(1), January-February 1962: pp. 13-44.
Rossen, Jake. “A Devilish Hoax: The Fake Demonic Possession of Martha Brossier.” Mental Floss. August 19, 2022. https://www.mentalfloss.com/posts/martha-brossier-exorcism-hoax
Sluhovsky, Moshe. Believe Not Every Spirit: Passion, Mysticism, & Discernment in Early Modern Catholicism (University of Chicago Press, 2007).
“Ursuline.” Britannica. [n.d.] https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ursulines
Walker, Anita M., and Edmund H. Dickerman. “A Notorious Woman: Possession, Witchcraft and Sexuality in Seventeenth-Century Provence.” Historical Reflections / Réflexions Historiques 27(1), Spring 2001: pp. 1-26.
Walker, Anita M., and Edmund H. Dickerman. “‘A Woman under the Influence’: A Case of Alleged Possession in Sixteenth-Century France.” The Sixteenth Century Journal 22(3), Autumn 1991: pp. 534-554.
Sources from Legends 48
“The Abbots Bromley Horn Dance.” Revels. [n.d.] https://revels.org/rituals/the-abbots-bromley-horn-dance/
“The Abbots Bromley Horn Dance: Britain’s Oldest Folk Tradition.” The Red Haired Stokie. September 10, 2024. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tk6YkT8XBmY
Andrews, Susanna. “How does the Nordic Cosmic System Depend on the Yggdrasil Tree?” The Collector. January 18, 2023. https://www.thecollector.com/yggdrasil-tree-nordic-cosmic-systems/
Barefoot, Daniel W. “White Doe, Legend of.” NCPedia. July 2023. https://www.ncpedia.org/white-doe-legend
Boyd, Sandra. “Virginia Dare and the Lost Colony: Fact and Legend.” NCPedia. Spring 2000. https://www.ncpedia.org/culture/legends/virginia-dare
Brockell, Gillian. “Virginia Dare’s unwanted legacy: A white nationalist-friendly website called Vdare.” The Washington Post. August 22, 2018. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2018/08/22/virginia-dares-unwanted-legacy-a-white-nationalist-friendly-website-called-vdare/
Childs, T. Mike, and Kelly Agan. “The Dare Stones.” NCPedia. 2019. https://www.ncpedia.org/dare-stones
Cotten, Sallie Southall. The White Doe: The Fate of Virginia Dare (J.B. Lippincott, 1901).
“Crybaby Bridge.” Wikipedia. Last updated June 8, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crybaby_Bridge.
“CWD: The Basics.” Chronic Wasting Disease Alliance. [n.d.] https://cwd-info.org/cwd-the-basics/
“The Deer Call.” CUHKUPDates. May 2017. https://www.iso.cuhk.edu.hk/english/publications/cuhkupdates/article.aspx?articleid=1925
“Diana and Actaeon: Censorship through Art.” Ovid and the Censored Voice. [n.d.] https://web.colby.edu/ovid-censorship/censorship-in-ovids-myths/diana-and-actaeon-censorship-through-art/
Diana, Rachel A. “Diana of Tauris.” The Phases of Diana. [n.d.] https://commons.mtholyoke.edu/arth310rdiana/diana-of-tauris/
Dunn, Carolyn. “Deer Woman and the Living Myth of Dreamtime.” The Journal of Mythic Arts. 2003. https://endicottstudio.typepad.com/articleslist/deer-woman-and-the-living-myth-of-dreamtime-by-carolyn-dunn.html
Fagan, Keith Woodstock. “The Deer Woman.” Pioneer Woman Museum. November 1, 2018. https://www.pioneerwomanmuseum.com/history/the-deer-woman
Geist, Valerius. “deer.” Britannica. August 17, 2024. https://www.britannica.com/animal/deer
Grimm, Jacob, and Wilhelm Grimm (trans. D.L. Ashliman). “Little Brother and Little Sister.” Folklore and Mythology Electronic Texts. September 2, 2002. https://sites.pitt.edu/~dash/grimm011.html
“Haskell Memorial Stadium and Arch.” Unmistakably Lawrence. [n.d.] https://www.explorelawrence.com/listing/haskell-memorial-stadium-and-arch/6197/
Horn, James. “The Roanoke Colonies.” The First Colony Foundation. [n.d.] https://www.firstcolonyfoundation.org/history/the-roanoke-colonies/
Howsare, Erika. The Age of Deer: Trouble and Kinship With Our Wild Neighbors (Catapult, 2024).
Kickler, Troy L. “Virginia Dare Wine.” North Carolina History Project. [n.d.] https://northcarolinahistory.org/encyclopedia/virginia-dare-wine/
Lawler, Andrew. The Secret Token: Myth, Obsession, and the Search for the Lost Colony of Roanoke (Doubleday, 2018).
Low, Denise. “Boarding School Resistance Narratives: Haskell Runaway and Ghost Stories.” Studies in American Indian Literatures 2(15), Summer 2003: pp. 106-118.
Marriott, Alice, and Carol K. Rachlin. American Indian Mythology (Apollo Editions, 1972).
McClurg, Stephen. “The Shilling of a Sacred Deer: Plutarch’s Sertorius and The White Fawn.” Stephen McClurg. September 3, 2019. https://stephenmcclurg.com/2019/09/03/the-shilling-of-a-sacred-deer-plutarchs-sertorius-and-the-white-fawn/
Moran, Mark and Mark Sceuman. Weird U.S.: Your Travel Guide to America’s Local Legends and Best-Kept Secrets. New York: Barnes & Noble Books, 2004. https://archive.org/details/weirdus00mark/page/22/mode/2up?q=“crybaby+bridge”.
Neville, John D. “Search for the Lost Colony.” National Park Service. [n.d.] https://www.nps.gov/fora/learn/education/search-for-the-lost-colony.htm
“Not Deer.” Cryptid Wiki. [n.d.] https://cryptidz.fandom.com/wiki/Not_Deer
Orchard, Andy. Dictionary of Norse Myth and Legend (Cassell, 1997).
Pruitt, Sarah. “Archaeologists Find New Clues to ‘Lost Colony’ Mystery.” History. May 16, 2023. https://www.history.com/news/archaeologists-find-new-clues-to-lost-colony-mystery
Retamoza, Isabell. “The Deer Woman and A Collective Return to Equality.” All Creation. September 22, 2021. https://www.allcreation.org/home/the-deer-woman
Russow, Kurt. “‘Gazing at Her Cloven Feats:’ Mythic Tradition and ‘The Sacred Way of Women’ in Paula Gunn Allen's ‘Deer Woman.’” Femspec 13(2), July 2013: pp. 25-39.
“Sad Fate of the White Doe.” The New York Times. April 22, 1888. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1888/04/22/106318858.html?pageNumber=11
Sidwell, Ben, and Clare Lissaman. “Ancient horn dance returns to village.” BBC. September 9, 2024. https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cze546gw0yyo
Singh, Joseph. “Deer Woman of Haskell.” The Indian Leader. November 18, 2019. https://theindianleader.com/2019/11/18/stories-of-the-supernatural/
Sword, Autumn. “Not Deer, or a Deer?” Skeptical Inquirer. September 10, 2021. https://skepticalinquirer.org/exclusive/not-deer-or-a-deer/
“Thursday’s Tale: The White Doe.” Carol’s Notebook. March 12, 2015. https://carolsnotebook.com/2015/03/12/thursdays-tale-the-white-doe/
“Virginia Dare, The White Doe.” North Carolina Ghosts. [n.d.] https://northcarolinaghosts.com/coast/virginia-dare-white-doe/
Wesson, Donald L. “Diana.” World History Encyclopedia. May 16, 2023. https://www.worldhistory.org/diana/
Whedbee, Charles Harry. Legends of the Outer Banks and Tar Heel Tide Waters (Blair, 2013).
“The White Doe.” CoastalGuide.com. [n.d.] https://www.coastalguide.com/the-white-doe.html
Wilkinson, Todd. “‘Zombie deer disease’ epidemic spreads in Yellowstone as scientists raise fears it may jump to humans.” The Guardian. December 22, 2023. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/dec/22/zombie-deer-disease-yellowstone-scientists-fears-fatal-chronic-wasting-disease-cwd-jump-species-barrier-humans-aoe
Wilson, Patty A. Haunted North Carolina: Ghosts and Strange Phenomena of the Tar Heel State (Stackpole Books, 2009).
Sources from Lore 274
“4 Songpo Library.” This Is Beijing! July 26, 2013. http://www.china.org.cn/bjzt/2013-07/26/content_29537437_4.htm
Aldrich, M.A. The Search for a Vanishing Beijing: A Guide to China's Capital Through the Ages (Hong Kong University Press, 2006).
Bartlett, Sarah. Supernatural: The World Guide to Mysterious Places (New Burlington Books, 2006).
“Beijing, China Metro Area Population 1950-2024.” Macrotrends. [n.d.] https://www.macrotrends.net/global-metrics/cities/20464/beijing/population
“Beijing summary.” Britannica. [n.d.] https://www.britannica.com/summary/Beijing
Bonavia, David Michael, and Sen-dou Chang. “History of Beijing.” Britannica. July 28, 2024. https://www.britannica.com/place/Beijing/History
“Chaonei No. 81 — Beijing Horror House.” Moonmausoleum. October 14, 2021. https://moonmausoleum.com/chaonei-no-81-beijing-horror-house/
“Chaonei No., 81 — Learn More About The Haunted House In Beijing, China.” Documentary Tube. March 17, 2023. https://www.documentarytube.com/articles/chaonei-no-81-learn-more-about-the-haunted-house-in-beijing-china/
Chi-Fang, Ho. “Preface to ‘Stories About Not Being Afraid of Ghosts.’” Peking Review 10, March 10, 1961: pp. 6-10.
Cook, Isham. “Midnight in Peking and true crime fiction.” Isham Cook. January 11, 2020. https://ishamcook.com/2020/01/11/midnight-in-peking-and-true-crime-fiction/
“The Courtesan Haunting the Songpo Library.” Moonmausoleum. August 14, 2023. https://moonmausoleum.com/the-courtesan-haunting-the-songpo-library/#google_vignette
The Editors of LIFE. The World’s Most Haunted Places: Creepy, Ghostly, and Notorious Spots (TI Incorporated Books, 2018).
“English Miss, 17, Attacked, Killed.” Chattanooga Daily Times. January 10, 1937. https://www.newspapers.com/image/604485274/
Esler, Joshua. “Chinese Ghosts and Tibetan Buddhism: Negotiating between Mythological and ‘Rational’ Narratives.” Modern China 42(5), September 2016: pp. 505-534.
Ferri, Jessica. “The House That Never Dies: Inside Beijing’s Creepy Chaonei No. 81.” The Lineup. September 21, 2016. https://the-line-up.com/chaonei-no-81
“Forbidden City.” Britannica. June 26, 2024. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Forbidden-City
“Forbidden Scandal in China.” Travel Weekly. October 22, 2012. https://www.travelweekly.com.au/article/Forbidden-scandal-in-China/
“Fox Spirits on Old Beijing's Legend List.” Beijing Tourism. October 8, 2013. https://english.visitbeijing.com.cn/article/47OMzV0tMzA
“The Fox Tower at Dongbianmen.” Atlas Obscura. May 7, 2015. https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/the-fox-tower-at-dongbianmen-beijing-china
French, Paul. Midnight in Peking: How the Murder of a Young Englishwoman Haunted the Last Days of Old China (Penguin Books, 2013).
French, Paul. “More on Chaonei No.81.” China Rhyming. April 7, 2017. http://www.chinarhyming.com/2017/04/07/more-on-chaonei-no-81/
Gao, Jie. “Symbolism in the Forbidden City: The Magnificent Design, Distinct Colors, and Lucky Numbers of China’s Imperial Palace.” Education About Asia 21(3), Winter 2016. https://www.asianstudies.org/publications/eaa/archives/symbolism-in-the-forbidden-city-the-magnificent-design-distinct-colors-and-lucky-numbers-of-chinas-imperial-palace/
Goran, David. “This abandoned ‘Chaonei No.81’ house in China is described as ‘Beijing’s most celebrated haunted building.’” The Vintage News. March 28, 2016. https://www.thevintagenews.com/2016/03/28/this-abandoned-chaonei-no-81-house-in-china-is-described-as-beijings-most-celebrated-haunted-house/
“Guangxu.” Britannica. June 30, 2024. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Guangxu
Hernandez, J.A. “Hauntings of the Forbidden City in Beijing.” Into Horror History. January 10, 2023. https://www.jahernandez.com/posts/hauntings-of-the-forbidden-city-in-beijing
“History of Beijing.” Civitatis Beijing. [n.d.] https://www.introducingbeijing.com/history
“Is the Forbidden City Haunted?” Brooklyn Paranormal Society. January 13, 2024. https://bkps.co/2024/is-the-forbidden-city-haunted/
Ivanov, Bojan. “Chaonei No. 81 is one of the most popular haunted houses in China.” Abandoned Spaces. May 9, 2017. https://www.abandonedspaces.com/uncategorized/chaonei-no-81-one-popular-haunted-houses-china.html
Jenne, Jeremiah. “600 Years and 24 Emperors Later, Forbidden City Celebrates a Milestone.” The Beijinger. September 9, 2020. https://www.thebeijinger.com/blog/2020/09/08/600-years-and-24-emperors-later-forbidden-city-celebrates-milestone
Jenne, Jeremiah. “The Ghost of Stone Tiger Hutong: A Beijing Halloween Tale.” The Beijinger. October 19, 2022. https://www.thebeijinger.com/blog/2016/10/26/ghost-shihu-hutong
Jenne, Jeremiah. “What's in a Name, Anyway?: Why the Forbidden City Isn't So Purple After All.” The Beijinger. January 4, 2022. https://www.thebeijinger.com/blog/2018/01/08/whats-name-why-it-called-forbidden-city
Jenne, Jeremiah. “Who Killed Pamela Werner?” Jeremiah Jenne. April 7, 2019. https://www.jeremiahjenne.com/the-archives/2019/5/12/who-killed-pamela-werner
Jude. “Chaonei 81 / 朝内81号.” China's forgotten places and urban dystopias. October 11, 2017. http://chinaruins.eg2.fr/2017/10/11/beijing-haunted-house/
Knotts, Joey. “Throwback Thursday: The Contentious History of Chaonei 81 Mansion.” The Beijinger. July 9, 2020. https://www.thebeijinger.com/blog/2020/07/09/throwback-thursday-contentious-history-chaonei-81-mansion
Leffman, David. “A remote Chinese village kept a courtesan’s secret for centuries – now its founding mother takes centre stage.” South China Morning Post. May 10, 2019. https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/long-reads/article/3009628/remote-chinese-village-kept-courtesans-secret?campaign=3009628&module=perpetual_scroll_0&pgtype=article
Lin, Xu. “Ghost of a chance.” China Daily. April 30, 2013. https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/travel/2013-04/30/content_16462895_2.htm
Liu, Charles. “Despite Getting Rid of Its Ghosts, Beijing's Spookiest House Is Still Haunted ... By Curious Trespassers.” The Beijinger. August 29, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171104063223/https://www.thebeijinger.com/blog/2017/08/29/despite-renovations-beijings-spookiest-house-still-haunted-curiosity-seekers
Liu, Hatty. “Strange Haunts.” The World of Chinese. October 31, 2020. https://www.theworldofchinese.com/2020/10/strange-haunts/
“Parking Lot or Peking Lot?” Science History Institute. April 6, 2021. https://www.sciencehistory.org/stories/disappearing-pod/parking-lot-or-peking-lot/
Paija, Piritta. “The Forbidden City - A Nest of Ghost Stories.” Bizarre Globe Hopper. March 29, 2016. https://www.bizarreglobehopper.com/blog/2016/03/29/forbidden-city-ghost-stories/
Peng, Ying-chen. “The Forbidden City.” Smarthistory. [n.d.] https://smarthistory.org/the-forbidden-city/
Qian, Zhang, and Zhu Ying. “A beauty who changed history.” Shine. January 2, 2018. https://www.shine.cn/feature/art-culture/1801028517/
Qin, Amy. “Dilapidated Mansion Has Had Many Occupants, Maybe Even a Ghost.” The New York Times. September 24, 2013. https://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/25/world/asia/dilapidated-mansion-has-had-many-occupants-including-a-ghost.html
Qin, Amy. “Film Has Crowds Swarming to Beijing House, Haunted or Not.” The New York Times. July 22, 2014. https://archive.nytimes.com/sinosphere.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/07/22/haunted-or-not-film-has-crowds-swarming-to-beijing-house/
“Revenge of the evil emperor: Mass slaughter in Beijing's Forbidden City.” The Standard. April 12, 2012. https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/revenge-of-the-evil-emperor-mass-slaughter-in-beijings-forbidden-city-6612232.html
Ropp, Paul S. “Review: China's Palace Women through the Dynasties.” China Review International 22(1), 2015: pp. 1-16.
“The Secrets of Beijing’s Haunted Forbidden City.” Moonmausoleum. July 31, 2023. https://moonmausoleum.com/the-secrets-of-beijings-haunted-forbidden-city/
Sheppard, Graeme. A Death in Peking: Who Really Killed Pamela Werner? (Earnshaw Books, 2018).
Smart, Andy. “Chaonei No.81, Beyond Chinese Superstition – Beijing’s Haunted House.” Andy Smart: Author. November 17, 2015. https://justurnleft.com/2015/11/17/chaonei-no-81-beyond-chinese-superstition/
Stevens, Keith. “Fox Spirits - Huli.” The Book of Xian Shen. [n.d.] https://www.bookofxianshen.com/page-21/
Swallow, Robert William. Sidelights on Peking Life (China Booksellers Limited, 1927).
Tsai, Shih-shan Henry. Perpetual Happiness: The Ming Emperor Yongle (University of Washington Press, 2011).
Wang, Ge. “Chaonei Church.” TimeOut Beijing. June 15, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20141018073150/http://www.timeoutbeijing.com/features/Around_Town/11028/Chaonei-Church.html
Wang, Tracy. “Exorcism Complete at Chaonei 81: Beijing’s Spookiest House is No Longer Haunted.” The Beijinger. December 28, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20171002132622/http://www.thebeijinger.com/blog/2016/12/28/updates-beijings-most-haunted-house-chaonei-81-no-longer-haunted
“Well of Concubine Zhen.” Lonely Planet. [n.d.] https://www.lonelyplanet.com/china/beijing/forbidden-city-and-dongcheng-central/attractions/well-of-concubine-zhen/a/poi-sig/1328664/1333763
“Why Hit Horror Movie Has Rattled a Catholic Diocese.” NBC News. November 16, 2014. https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/why-hit-horror-movie-has-rattled-catholic-diocese-n247681
“Why is Beijing no longer called Peking?” Ruqin Travel. June 30, 2024. https://ruqintravel.com/china-destination-guides/beijing-and-peking/
“Why Is It Called the Forbidden City?” China Highlights. [n.d.] https://www.chinahighlights.com/beijing/forbidden-city/why-call-it.htm
Yuan, Meng. “A Comprehensive Guide to Fox in Chinese Culture.” WuKong. February 4, 2024. https://www.wukongsch.com/blog/comprehensive-guide-to-the-role-of-the-fox-in-chinese-mythology-and-culture-post-24811/
“Zhen Concubine Well of the Beijing Fobidden [sic] City.” China Highlights. [n.d.] https://www.chinahighlights.com/beijing/forbidden-city/zhen-concubine-well.htm
Sources from Legends 47
Ashliman, D.L., ed. “The Plague: Six Lusatanian Legends.” https://sites.pitt.edu/~dash/type7080.html#graber.
Babcock, George H. “Lake Ronkonkoma.” Brooklyn Eagle. 6/7/1914, p.15. https://www.newspapers.com/image/59736929/?match=1&terms=Tuskawanta.
Baker, Dr. Emerson. “Archaeology in the Saco Area.” City of Saco. https://www.sacomaine.org/residents/city_history/archaeology.php.
Baure, William J., Jr. “The Giant and the Waterbaby.” Boom. Winter 2012. Vol. 2, No. 4. https://boomcalifornia.org/2013/03/25/the-giant-and-the-waterbaby/#12.
Bayles, Richard M. Historical and Descriptive Sketches of Suffolk County, and the Towns, Villages, Hamlets, Scenery, Institutions and Important Enterprises; with a Historical Outline of Long Island From its First Settlement by Europeans. Port Jefferson: Richard M. Bayles, 1874. Digital. https://archive.org/details/ny-suffolk-1874-bayles/page/n73/mode/2up.
“Beautiful Lake Ronkonkoma.” The Chat. 3/24/1923, p.196. https://www.newspapers.com/image/576435088/?match=1&terms=Tuskawanta.
“Body of Woman Found in Lake Identified as Mrs. Douglas.” The Burlington Free Press. 9/27/1963. p.7. https://www.newspapers.com/image/199103701/?match=1&terms=Pulpit%20Rock.
“Body Recovered at Lake Placid.” The Sentinel. 9/17/1963. p.3. https://www.newspapers.com/image/344865993/?match=1&terms=Pulpit%20Rock.
Bright, William. Native American Placenames of the United States. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2004. Digital. https://archive.org/details/nativeamericanpl0000brig/page/n7/mode/2up.
Carey, Andrew. “The People of Pyramid Lake.” National Park Service. https://www.nps.gov/articles/pyramidlakepaiute.htm.
Carter, D. Robert. “Mysterious Monsters Inhabited Utah Valley Waters.” Daily Herald. 4/29/2006. https://www.heraldextra.com/news/2006/apr/29/mysterious-monsters-inhabited-utah-valley-waters/.
“Child Mortality Rate (Under Five Years Old) in the United States.” Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1041693/united-states-all-time-child-mortality-rate/
Clarke, David. “The Haunting Legend of the Water Babies From Pyramid Lake.” Standard News. https://standardnews.com/haunting-legend-water-babies-pyramid-lake/.
Collier, Jess. “The Story of the Lady in the Lake.” Lake Placid. 10/7/2014. https://www.lakeplacid.com/story/2014/10/ghost-stories-story-lady-of-the-lake.
“The Curse of the Saco River.” Journal Tribune. 4/27/1991. p.22. https://www.newspapers.com/image/861477126/?match=1&terms=Curse%20of%20Saco%20River.
“Dean Douglass.” The Central New Jersey Home News. 9/23/1933. p.6. https://www.newspapers.com/image/314413187/?match=1&terms=Mabel%20S.%20Douglass.
DeWan, George. “History Q&A.” Newsday (Suffolk Edition). 3/9/1999, p.51. https://www.newspapers.com/image/726924952/?match=1&terms=Curse%20of%20Lake%20Ronkonkoma.
“Died.” Brooklyn Eagle. 7/8/1857, p.3. https://www.newspapers.com/image/50408968/?match=1&terms=Ronkonkoma%20drowning.
“Died.” The New York Times. 5/14/1917. p.11. https://www.newspapers.com/image/20524350/?match=1&terms=William%20Shipman%20Douglass.
“Douglass Youth is Accidentally Killed With Rifle.” The Central New Jersey Home News. 9/4/1923. p.1. https://www.newspapers.com/image/314472676/?match=1&terms=William%20Shipman%20Douglass.
Faulk, Natalie. “The Sinister Story Behind This Popular Nevada Lake Will Give You Chills.” Only in Nevada. Updated 6/23/2023. https://www.onlyinyourstate.com/experiences/nevada/sinister-story-popular-nevada-lake-chills.
Folsom, George. History of Saco and Biddeford with Notice of Other Early Settlements, and of the Proprietary Governments, in Maine, Including the provinces of New Somersetshire and Lygonia. Saco: Alex C. Putnam, 1830. Digital. https://archive.org/details/historyofsacobid00fols/page/52/mode/2up.
Fowler, Catherine S., and Fowler, Don D. “Great Basin Indian.” Encyclopedia Britannica. 11/16/2020. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Great-Basin-Indian/Religion-and-ritual.
Fonrouge, Gabrielle and Sheehy, Kate. “The Haunting Tale That Keeps Long Island Locals Out of This Lake.” New York Post. Updated 10/30/2018. https://nypost.com/2018/10/30/the-haunted-tale-that-keeps-long-island-locals-out-of-this-lake/.
Gethard, Chris. Weird New York. New York: Sterling Publishing, Co., Inc., 2005. Digital. https://archive.org/details/weirdnewyorkyour0000unse/page/12/mode/2up.
Greeley, June-Ann. “Water in Native American Spirituality: Liquid Life-Blood of the Earth and Life of the Community.” Green Humanities. Vol. 2. 2017. pp.156-179. https://digitalcommons.sacredheart.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=1124&context=rel_fac.
Grundhauser, Eric. “Pyramid Lake.” Atlas Obscura. 6/19/2014. https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/pyramid-lake.
Hansen, Judith. “The Curse of the Saco River.” Yankee Magazine. May 1989. https://newengland.com/yankee/magazine/curse-saco-river/.
Hubbard, William. A Narrative of the Troubles With the Indians in new England, From the First Planting Thereof in the Year 1607 to This Present Year 1677. Boston: John Foster, 1677. Digital. https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_a-narrative-of-the-troub_hubbard-william_1677/page/28/mode/2up.
“Impressive Memorial To One Not Legally Dead.” The Central New Jersey Home News.” 10/27/1937. p.8. https://www.newspapers.com/image/314565537/?match=1&terms=Mabel%20S.%20Douglass.
James, Edward T., editor. Notable American Women 1607-1950: A Biographical Dictionary. Vol. I. Cambridge: The Belknap Press, 1971. Digital. https://archive.org/details/notableamericanw0001unse/page/n5/mode/2up.
“The Lady in the Lake.” Adirondack.net. https://www.adirondack.net/history/lady-in-the-lake/.
“Lake Placid.” All About Lakes. https://allaboutlakes.org/discover/united-states/new-york/lake-placid/.
“Lake Ronkonkoma.” Department of Environmental Conservation. https://dec.ny.gov/places/lake-ronkonkoma.
“Native American Legends: Water Babies.” Native Languages of the Americas. http://www.native-languages.org/water-babies.htm.
Ridlon, Sr., Gideon Tibbetts. Saco Valley Settlements and Families: Historical, Biographical, Genealogical, Traditional, and legendary. Portland: Gideon Tibbetts Ridlon Sr., 1895. Digital. https://archive.org/details/sacovalleysettle00ridl/page/1034/mode/2up.
“Ronkonkoma Drowning.” The Brooklyn Daily Times. 8/26/1907, p.7. https://www.newspapers.com/image/555972571/?match=1&terms=Ronkonkoma%20drowning.
Schmidt, George P. Douglass College: A History. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1968. Digital. https://archive.org/details/douglasscollegeh00schm/page/270/mode/2up.
“Search Lake Placid For Body of Mrs. Douglass.” The Record. 9/22/1933. p.1. https://www.newspapers.com/image/489788121/?match=1&terms=Mabel%20S.%20Douglass.
Strong, John. “The Thirteen Tribes of Long Island: The History of a Myth.” The Hudson Valley Regional Review. pp.39-73. https://brothertowncitizen.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/strong-j.-1992-the-thirteen-tribes-of-long-island-the-history-of-a-myth-1.pdf.
Sullivan, James. The History of the District of Maine. Boston: I. Thomas and E. T. Andrews, 1795. Digital. https://archive.org/details/historyofdistric00sull/page/n7/mode/2up.
“Talking to Minister, She Leaps to Death.” Daily News. 5/1/1948. p.213. https://www.newspapers.com/image/445745344/?match=1&terms=Edith%20Shipman%20Douglass.
Tedesco, Lianna. “This Long Island Lake is Said to Carry An Ancient Curse And According to the Locals, It’s True.” The Travel. 3/14/2021. https://www.thetravel.com/is-lake-ronkonkoma-haunted/.
“The 10 Longest Rivers in Maine.” World Atlas. https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-10-longest-rivers-in-maine.html.
Thompson, Benjamin Franklin. History of Long Island From its Discovery and Settlement to the Present Time. Vol. I. New York: Robert H. Dodd, 1918. Digital. https://archive.org/details/historyoflongisl01inthom/page/n11/mode/2up.
“2 Teens Die in Swimming Mishaps on LI.” Newsday (Nassau Edition). 8/31/1961, p.16. https://www.newspapers.com/image/712417339/?match=1&terms=Ronkonkoma%20drowning.
“Under-Five Mortality.” UNICEF. https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-survival/under-five-mortality/
“Wabanaki Tribes.” Four Directions. https://fourdirectionsmaine.org/about-four-directions/wabanaki-tribes/.
Whittier, John Greenleaf. “The Truce of Piscataqua.” Internet Accuracy Project. https://www.accuracyproject.org/t-Whittier-TruceofPiscataqua.html.
Yorke, Dane. A History and Stories of Biddeford. Reprinted by McArthur Public Library, 1994. Digital. https://archive.org/details/ahistoryandstoriesofbiddeford/page/n95/mode/2up?q=squando.
Sources from Lore 273
Alexander, Marc. In Search of Britain’s Haunted Castles. Stroud: The History Press, 2012. https://archive.org/details/insearchofbritai0000alex/page/138/mode/2up.
Allen, Susan. “Kings and Queens of Egypt.” The Met. https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/kqae/hd_kqae.htm.
Balfe, Katie. “Haunted Royal Residences—Buckingham Palace to Sandringham.” The Crown Chronicles. 10/29/2020. https://thecrownchronicles.co.uk/royal-residences/haunted-royal-residences-buckingham-palace-to-sandringham/.
BeatrixFan. “Royal Death.” The Royal Articles. https://www.theroyalarticles.com/articles/58/1/Royal-Death/Page1.html.
Brain, Jessica. “King George II.” Historic UK. 4/27/2021. https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofBritain/King-George-II/.
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. “Francis Lovell, Viscount Lovell.” Encyclopedia Britannica. 3/22/2024. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Francis-Lovell-Viscount-Lovell.
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. “Paul.” Encyclopedia Britannica. 5/10/2024. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Paul-emperor-of-Russia.
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. “Sweyn I.” Encyclopedia Britannica. 7/12/2024. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sweyn-I.
Brunafriend. “Francis Lovell: The Ricardian Rebel Who Disappeared.” Medium. 4/23/2019. https://brumafriend.medium.com/francis-lovell-the-ricardian-rebel-who-disappeared-a8e4bf20b61a.
Burgess, Glenn. “The Divine Right of Kings Reconsidered.” The English Historical Review, Vol. 107, No. 425 (Oct., 1992), pp. 837-861. Oxford University Press. https://daily.jstor.org/making-sense-of-the-divine-right-of-kings/.
Castelow, Ellen. “St Edmund, Original Patron Saint of England.” Historic UK. https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofEngland/Edmund-original-Patron-Saint-of-England/.
Cavendish, Richard. “Death of Svein Forkbeard.” History Today. Vol. 64, Issue 2. February 2014. https://www.historytoday.com/archive/death-svein-forkbeard.
Cavendish, Richard. “The Murder of Tsar Paul I.” History Today. Vol. 51, Issue 3. March 2001. https://www.historytoday.com/archive/months-past/murder-tsar-paul-i.
Choksky, Jamsheed K. “Sacral Kingship in Sasanian Iran.” The Circle of Ancient Iranian Studies. https://www.cais-soas.com/CAIS/History/Sasanian/sacral_kingship.htm.
Christian, Charles. “The Strange Death and Afterlife of King Edmund Part 2: Did the Martyred SAint Rise From the Grave to Kill a Viking King?” Ancient Origins. 9/22/2017. https://www.ancient-origins.net/history-famous-people/strange-death-and-afterlife-king-edmund-part-2-did-martyred-saint-rise-grave-021625.
Cole, Sara E. “How to Be King in Mesopotamia.” Getty. https://www.getty.edu/news/how-to-be-king-in-mesopotamia/.
“Divine Origin Theory of the State.” Indian Institute of Legal Studies. https://www.iilsindia.com/blogs/divine-origin-theory-state/.
“Divine Right of Kings.” New World Encyclopedia. https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Divine_Right_of_Kings.
“The Divine Right to Rule: Understanding Ancient The God-Kings System.” Sociology Institute. https://sociology.institute/sociology-of-religion/ancient-divine-right-rule-god-kings-system/.
“Elizabeth I, Queen of England (1533-1603).” Royal Collection Trust. https://www.rct.uk/collection/people/elizabeth-i-queen-of-england-1533-1603.
“The Emperor in the Cosmic Order.” Asia for Educators, Columbia University. https://afe.easia.columbia.edu/cosmos/irc/emperor.htm.
Flantzer, Susan. “Assassination of Paul I, Emperor of All Russia (1801).” Unofficial Royalty. 2020. https://www.unofficialroyalty.com/assassination-of-paul-i-emperor-of-all-russia-1801/.
Flantzer, Susan. “Princess Sophia of the United Kingdom.” Unofficial Royalty. 2016. https://www.unofficialroyalty.com/princess-sophia-of-the-united-kingdom/.
“The Ghost of Lord Lovell at Minster Lovell Hall.” Dark Oxfordshire. 2/26/2021. https://www.darkoxfordshire.co.uk/explore/the-ghost-of-lord-lovell/.
“Ghosts of Mikhailovsky Palace & the Murder of Paul I.” The Lady Dicks. 7/6/2021. https://theladydicks.com/st-michael-castle-paul-i-of-russia/.
“Henry VIII’s Jousting Accident: The Injury that Transformed a Kingdom.” History Skills. https://www.historyskills.com/classroom/year-8/henry-viii-jousting-accident/#.
“History of Minster Lovell Hall and Dovecote.” English Heritage. https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/places/minster-lovell-hall-and-dovecote/history/.
Jewett, Jessica. “Kensington Palace Ghosts.” Jessicajewettonline.com. http://jessicajewettonline.com/kensington-palace-ghosts.
Johnson, Ben. “Sweyn Forkbeard.” Historic UK. https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofEngland/Sweyn-Forkbeard/.
Jones, Richard. Haunted Castles of Britain and Ireland. New York: Barnes & Noble Books, 2003. https://archive.org/details/hauntedcastlesof0000rich/page/50/mode/2up.
“Kingship Rituals.” World Eras. Encyclopedia.com. 7/10/2024. https://www.encyclopedia.com.
Maranzani, Barbara. “8 Things You Didn’t Know About Catherine the Great.” HISTORY. A&E Television Networks. Updated 6/9/2023. https://www.history.com/news/8-things-you-didnt-know-about-catherine-the-great.
Marsden, Simon. The Haunted Realm. New York: E. P. Dutton, 1986. https://archive.org/details/hauntedrealmghos00mars/page/112/mode/2up.
McGrew, Roderick E. “A Political Portrait of Paul I From the Austrian and English Diplomatic Archives.” Jahrbücher Für Geschichte Osteuropas, Vol. 18, No. 4, 1970, pp.503-529. JSTOR. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41044150.
McIntosh, Matthew A. “A History of the Notion of the ‘Divine Right of Kings.’” Brewminate. 4/21/2020. https://brewminate.com/a-history-of-the-notion-of-the-divine-right-of-kings/.
McIntosh, Matthew A. “The Rise, Fall, and Transition of Empires in Ancient Mesopotamia.” Brewminate. 2/12/2019. https://brewminate.com/the-rise-fall-and-transition-of-empires-in-ancient-mesopotamia/.
McKenna, David. “Sweyn Forkbeard: The Legend of the Viking King ‘Killed by a Ghost.’” BBC. 12/25/2023.https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-lincolnshire-67687031.
Michael, Prince of Greece. Living With Ghosts: Eleven Extraordinary Tales. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1995. https://archive.org/details/livingwithghosts00mich/page/122/mode/2up.
“The Mikhailovskiy Castle in St. Petersburg.” Guide For You. https://guideforyou-russia.com/legends-st-petersburg-s-castles-palaces/#:~:text=Another%20legend%20says%20that%20the,appear%20in%20the%20empty%20building..
Monmouth, Geoffrey. “Haunted Windsor Castle.” The History and Iconic Castles of England and Wales. 10/3/2023. https://historiesandcastles.com/most-haunted/haunted-windsor-castle/.
Putnam, Polly. “The King’s ‘Malady’: George III’s Mental Illness Explored.” Historic Royal Palaces. 3/22/2024. https://www.hrp.org.uk/blog/the-kings-malady-george-iiis-mental-illness-explored/#gs.d7cyk2.
Razumov, Vadim. “7 Interesting Facts About St. Michael’s Castle, the Scene of Emperor Paul I’s Murder.” Russia Beyond. 9/10/2019. https://www.rbth.com/travel/330937-mikhailovsky-castle-petersburg.
Roland, Elisa. “9 Royal Ghosts That Still Haunt Britain to This Day.” Reader’s Digest. 8/17/2021. https://www.rd.com/article/royal-ghosts-haunt-britain/.
“Royal Residences: Windsor Castle.” Royal.uk. https://www.royal.uk/royal-residences-windsor-castle.
Solly, Meilan. “The Story of Catherine the Great.” Smithsonian Magazine. 5/15/2020. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/true-story-catherine-great-180974863/.
“The Story of Kensington Palace.” Historic Royal Palaces. https://www.hrp.org.uk/kensington-palace/history-and-stories/the-story-of-kensington-palace/#gs.d27bk7.
“Sweyn Forkbeard the First Viking King of England.” Discovermiddleages.co.uk. https://www.discovermiddleages.co.uk/kings-and-queens/king-sweyn-forkbeard.
Torrance, David. “The Death of a Monarch.” House of Commons Library. 9/8/2022. https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-9372/CBP-9372.pdf.
Westermann, Claus. “Sacred Kingship.” Encyclopedia Britannica. 7/5/2023. https://www.britannica.com/topic/sacred-kingship/The-divine-or-semidivine-king.
Williams, Claudia. “Windsor Castle: Inside the 1,000-Year-Old History of the Royal Residence.” Architectural Digest. 4/30/2024. https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/windsor-castle-inside-the-1000-year-old-history.
“William III and Mary II: England’s Only Joint Sovereigns.” Historic Royal Palaces. https://www.hrp.org.uk/kensington-palace/history-and-stories/william-iii-and-mary-ii/#gs.cs0mvd.
Sources from Legends 46
“1908 Messina Earthquake.” Wikipedia. Last updated November 22, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1908_Messina_earthquake
“1P/Halley.” NASA. [n.d.] https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/comets/1p-halley/
“Aberfan.” WalesOnline. [n.d.] https://aberfan.walesonline.co.uk/
“auto-da-fé.” Britannica. July 21, 2002. https://www.britannica.com/topic/auto-da-fe/additional-info#history
Bancroft, James W. The Titanic Disaster: Omens, Mysteries and Misfortunes of the Doomed Liner (Pen & Sword Books, 2023).
Blakemore, Erin. “How the 1966 Aberfan Mine Disaster Became Elizabeth II’s Biggest Regret.” History. June 29, 2023. https://www.history.com/news/elizabeth-ii-aberfan-mine-disaster-wales
Bluestone, Sarvananda. The World Dream Book: Use the Wisdom of World Cultures to Uncover Your Dream Power (Destiny Books, 2002).
Bui, Hanh. “Beware the Ides of March.” Shakespeare’s Globe. March 15, 2020. https://www.shakespearesglobe.com/discover/blogs-and-features/2020/03/15/beware-the-ides-of-march/
Bulkeley, Kelly. Big Dreams: The Science of Dreaming and the Origins of Religion (Oxford University Press, 2016).
Bulkeley, Kelly. Lucrecia the Dreamer: Prophecy, Cognitive Science, and the Spanish Inquisition (Stanford University Press, 2018).
Cain, Áine. “Years before the Titanic sank, two mysterious books were published that seemed to predict the disaster.” Business Insider. April 15, 2018. https://www.businessinsider.com/titanics-books-predicted-disaster-2018-4
Dawson, Shay. “Harriet Tubman.” National Women’s History Museum. [n.d.] https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/harriet-tubman
“Doctor who studied premonitions dies - a year after receiving death prediction.” Psychic News. August 31, 1968. https://digitalcollections.lib.umanitoba.ca/islandora/object/uofm:2959373
“The earthquake and tsunami in Messina and Reggio Calabria.” Civil Protection Department: Presidency of the Council of Ministers. https://servizio-nazionale.protezionecivile.gov.it/en/pagina-base/earthquake-and-tsunami-messina-and-reggio-calabria/
Fu, Jennifer. “Following the Freedom Trail.” Chesapeake 360. January 2011. https://www.newspapers.com/image/115887570/
“Futility: how a novel foreshadowed the sinking of the Titanic.” Royal Museums Greenwich. October 3, 2017. https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/blog/library-archive/futility-how-novel-foreshadowed-sinking-titanic
“Halley's Comet: Topics in Chronicling America.” Library of Congress Research Guides. [n.d.] https://guides.loc.gov/chronicling-america-halleys-comet
Harrisson, Juliette. Dreams and Dreaming in the Roman Empire: Cultural Memory and Imagination (Bloomsbury, 2013).
Humez, Jean M. Harriet Tubman: The Life and the Life Stories (University of Wisconsin Press, 2006).
Jackson, Ceri. “Aberfan.” BBC. October 21, 2016. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/resources/idt-150d11df-c541-44a9-9332-560a19828c47
Knight, Sam. The Premonitions Bureau: A True Account of Death Foretold (Faber & Faber, 2022).
“Mar 15, 44 BC: Julius Caesar Assassinated.” National Geographic. [n.d.] https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/julius-caesar-assassinated/
“Mark Twain.” Biography. March 31, 2021. https://www.biography.com/authors-writers/mark-twain
“Marking the Twain.” Our Mississippi. [n.d.] https://www.mvd.usace.army.mil/Portals/52/docs/regional_flood_risk_management/our_mississippi/EdGuide/U4/U4 p246-247.pdf
“Messina Earthquake.” PBS. https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/rescue-messina-earthquake/.
Middleton, J. Connon. “Premonitory Dream.” In Journal of the Society for Psychical Research, Volume XV (Society for Psychical Research, 1911-1912).
Moss, Robert. The Secret History of Dreaming (New World Library, 2009).
Moss, Robert. “The shadow of Mark Twain’s precognitive dream.” Beliefnet. January 2012. https://www.beliefnet.com/columnists/dreamgates/2012/01/the-shadow-of-mark-twains-precognitive-dream.html
Mowbray, Jay Henry. Italy’s great horror of earthquake and tidal wave. Philadelphia: 1909, National Publishing Co. https://archive.org/details/italysgreathorro00mowbuoft/page/58/mode/2up
“Myths of ‘Titanic’ proportions: the Devil’s code, prescient dreams and a ‘hole in time.’” Sputnik International. March 28, 2012. https://sputnikglobe.com/20120328/172421220.html
Nickell, Joe. Looking for a Miracle: Weeping Icons, Relics, Stigmata, Visions & Healing Cures (Prometheus Books, 1998).
Nield, Ted. “Tipping Point.” The Geological Society. October 2016. https://www.geolsoc.org.uk/Geoscientist/Archive/October-2016/Tipping-point
Nielson, T. “Dream incubation: ancient techniques of dream influence.” Dream and Nightmare Laboratory. 2012. http://www.dreamscience.ca/en/documents/New%20content/incubation/Incubation%20overview%20for%20website%20updated.pdf
Owens, Deirdre Cooper. “Harriet Tubman’s Disability and Why it Matters.” Ms. Magazine. February 10, 2022. https://msmagazine.com/2022/02/10/harriet-tubman-disability-democracy/
Parenti, Michael. The Assassination of Julius Caesar: A People’s History of Ancient Rome (The New Press, 2003).
Pickover, Clifford A. Dreaming the Future: The Fantastic Story of Prediction (Prometheus Books, 2001).
Plutarch (ed. Bernadotte Perrin). Caesar (William Heinemann, 1919).
Puhle, A. “Dream Incubation.” Psi Encyclopedia. August 17, 2023. https://psi-encyclopedia.spr.ac.uk/articles/dream-incubation
Riberio, Sidarta (trans. Daniel Hahn). The Oracle of Night: The History and Science of Dreams (Pantheon Books, 2021).
Ruehl, Franklin. “Two Celebrated Authors' Precognitive Dreams!” Huffpost. December 6, 2017. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/two-celebrated-authors-pr_b_1692230
Sedgwick, Elisabeth. “10 Creepy Premonitions About The Sinking Of The Titanic.” Listverse. October 30, 2019. https://listverse.com/2019/10/30/10-creepy-premonitions-about-the-sinking-of-the-titanic/
Solly, Meilan. “The True Story of the Aberfan Disaster.” Smithsonian Magazine. November 15, 2019. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/true-story-aberfan-disaster-featured-crown-180973565/
“Some premonitions about the fate of the Titanic.” Look and Learn. June 9, 2011. https://www.lookandlearn.com/blog/9712/some-premonitions-about-the-fate-of-the-titanic/
“Spanish Armada.” Britannica. September 25, 2024. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Armada-Spanish-naval-fleet
Twain, Mark. The Autobiography of Mark Twain (Standard Ebooks, 2004).
Vincent, Emily. “Ghostly Messages from Beyond the Titanic: W.T. Stead, Spiritualism, and The Blue Island.” The Victorianist: BAVS Postgraduates. May 4, 2020. https://victorianist.wordpress.com/2020/05/04/ghostly-messages-from-beyond-the-titanic-w-t-stead-spiritualism-and-the-blue-island/
Vincenty, Samantha. “Did Harriet Tubman Really Have Visions?” Oprah Daily. November 2, 2019. https://www.oprahdaily.com/entertainment/tv-movies/a29664794/harriet-tubman-visions-movie/
Walk, Devin. “Mark Twain’s Dream.” Memories of the Prairie. June 14, 2019. https://memoriesoftheprairie.com/blog-1/2019/06/14/2019-6-14-mark-twains-dream/
Sources from Lore 272
“The 3AM Challenge.” Know Your Meme. [n.d.] https://knowyourmeme.com/memes/the-3am-challenge
Boroditsky, Lera. “How Language Shapes Thought.” Scientific American 304(2), February 2011: pp. 62-65.
Bradbury, Ray. Something Wicked This Way Comes (Simon & Schuster, 2017).
Cann, Candi K. “La Mala Hora.” In American Myths, Legends, and Tall Tales: An Encyclopedia of American Folklore, vol 2., ed. Christopher R. Fee & Jeffrey B. Webb (ABC-CLIO, 2016).
“Chronovisor: The Vatican's Secret Device to See Through Time.” The Why Files. July 28, 2022. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NdXF3kmKCPY
Cliffe, Stephen. “Following a ghostly trail.” Huddersfield Daily Examiner. November 5, 1975. https://www.newspapers.com/image/943936933/
Dash, Mike. “A Scottish spinster at the Battle of Nechtanesmere, 685AD.” A Blast from the Past. June 28, 2010. https://mikedashhistory.com/2010/06/28/a-scottish-spinster-at-the-battle-of-nechtanesmere-685ad/
Dash, Mike. “When Three British Boys Traveled to Medieval England (Or Did They?).” Smithsonian. July 21, 2011. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/when-three-british-boys-traveled-to-medieval-england-or-did-they-35698485/
Davies, Paul. “Time’s Passage is Probably an Illusion.” Scientific American. October 24, 2024. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/time-s-passage-is-probably-an-illusion/
Emery, Nina, Ned Markosian, and Meghan Sullivan. “Time.” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. November 24, 2020. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/time/
Espinosa, Aurelio M. “New-Mexican Spanish Folk-Lore.” The Journal of American Folklore 23(90), October-December 1910: pp. 395-418.
Faulkner, Alex. “York at its Viking Best.” The Sunday Telegraph [London]. July 4, 1982. https://www.newspapers.com/image/750914794/
Flanagan, Emily. “Modest man at centre of York's most famous ghost story passes away.” The Northern Echo. October 26, 2014. https://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/news/11560152.modest-man-centre-yorks-famous-ghost-story-passes-away/
Frankel, Miriam, and Matt Warren. “The weird way language affects our sense of time and space.” BBC. November 3, 2022. https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20221103-how-language-warps-the-way-you-perceive-time-and-space
Frost, Carol. “North-East provides plenty to delight home-grown tourists.” Ashbourne News Telegraph. October 14, 1998. https://www.newspapers.com/image/846931471/
Gater, Paul. Ghosts at War (Lulu.com, 2015).
“The Ghost Legion of Rome and the Wall of Hadrian.” The Classical Difference. May 10, 2022. https://classicaldifference.com/ninth/
“The ghost stories of Treasurer’s House.” National Trust. [n.d.] https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/visit/yorkshire/treasurers-house-york/ghosts-of-treasurers-house
“Hunting the ghosts that put Harry in the hospital.” Evening Standard [London]. September 30, 1975. https://www.newspapers.com/image/721859134/
Kosloski, Philip. “Why is 3 a.m. known as ‘the devil’s hour’?” Aleteia. September 5, 2023. https://aleteia.org/2017/10/20/why-is-3-am-known-as-the-devils-hour
Kuhn, Robert Lawrence. “The Illusion of Time: What's Real?.” Space. August 26, 2022. https://www.space.com/29859-the-illusion-of-time.html
“Legends of the Legionnaires.” Ghosthunters. Season 1, Episode 1. Aired April 14, 1996.
Lynch, CJ. “Legend Has It: La Mala Hora.” The Morbid Library. July 25, 2021. https://themorbidlibrary.com/2021/07/25/legend-has-it-la-mala-hora/
MacKenzie, Andrew. Adventures in Time: Encounters with the Past (The Athlone Press, 1997).
MacKenzie, Andrew. Hauntings and Apparitions (Heinemann, 1982).
Margaritoff, Marco. “The Story Of The Chronovisor, The Rumored Vatican Invention That Allows You To See The Past.” All That’s Interesting. August 15, 2023. https://allthatsinteresting.com/chronovisor
Mark, Joshua J. “The Battle of Dun Nectain.” World History Encyclopedia. December 18, 2014. https://www.worldhistory.org/Battle_of_Dun_Nectain/
Merryweather, Cheish. “10 Fascinating Facts About the Devil’s Hour: 3 AM.” Listverse. December 15, 2019. https://listverse.com/2019/12/15/10-fascinating-facts-about-the-devils-hour-3am/
Mistry, Pritti. “Flixborough chemical plant disaster 'not forgotten' 50 years on.” BBC. June 1, 2024. https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c0wwepe5g10o
“New Discoveries in Roman York.” The Manchester Guardian. April 27, 1955. https://www.newspapers.com/image/259422519/
“The news flash that came five hours too soon…” Grimsby Evening Telegraph. April 3, 1985. https://www.newspapers.com/image/927355431/
Nuñez, Rafael, Kensy Cooperrider, D Doan, and Jürg Wassmann. “Contours of time: Topographic construals of past, present, and future in the Yupno valley of Papua New Guinea.” Cognition 124(1), July 2012: pp. 25-35.
O’Connell, Lillian. “Ghosts of Roman soldiers haunt ancient city of York.” UPI. January 19, 1977. https://www.upi.com/Archives/1977/01/19/Ghosts-of-Roman-soldiers-haunt-ancient-city-of-York/6631571073639/
Pentecost, Sally. “Pieces from the Picts: The Missing Archaeology of the Battle of Dunnichen.” Dig It! [n.d.] https://www.digitscotland.com/pieces-from-the-picts-the-archaeology-of-the-battle-of-dunnichen/
Randles, Jenny, and Peter Hough. Encyclopedia of the Unexplained (Barnes & Noble, 1995).
Rao, Devika. “Is time real?” The Week. December 19, 2022. https://theweek.com/space/1019411/is-time-real
Rogers, Byron. “Floored by ghosts in the cellar.” The Sunday Telegraph [London]. May 7, 1995. https://www.newspapers.com/image/751823106/
“The Roman Army in York.” History of York. [n.d.] http://www.historyofyork.org.uk/themes/the-roman-army-in-york
“Roman Ghosts.” Real British Ghosts. [n.d.] http://www.real-british-ghosts.com/roman-ghosts.html
“Roman Ghosts: Shades in Eburacum.” Eagles and Dragons Publishing. March 3, 2018. http://eaglesanddragonspublishing.com/tag/harry-martindale/
“Roman Invasion.” Coventry Evening Telegraph. July 16, 1994. https://www.newspapers.com/image/909499832/
“The Roman Ninth Legion's mysterious loss.” BBC. March 16, 2011. https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-12752497
Schlosser, S.E. “La Mala Hora.” American Folklore. August 28, 2022. https://americanfolklore.net/folklore/2010/07/la_mala_hora.html
“Treasurer's House.” History of York. [n.d.] http://www.historyofyork.org.uk/themes/the-liberty-of-st-peter/treasurer-s-house
“TV tales of paranormal.” Grimsby Evening Telegraph. October 7, 1994. https://www.newspapers.com/image/822071554/
Underwood, Peter. This Haunted Isle: The Ghosts and Legends of Britain's Historic Buildings (Barnes & Noble, 1993).
“Vision of disaster…” Grimsby Evening Telegraph. June 1, 1981. https://www.newspapers.com/image/923061262
Warren, Karen. “Exploring Roman York: What To See And Where To Go.” WorldWideWriter. April 9, 2024. https://www.worldwidewriter.co.uk/exploring-roman-york.html
Wathen, Christopher M. “The Chronovisor: A controversial instrument of time travel?” The Lintonian. April 14, 2023. https://thelintonian.com/2023/04/14/the-chronovisor-a-controversial-instrument-of-time-travel/
Wells, Andy. “The Devil’s Hour: This Is Why You Might Feel Spooked Out At 3am.” Yahoo! News. August 26, 2016. https://uk.news.yahoo.com/the-devils-hour-this-is-why-you-might-feel-153152317.html?guccounter=1
“Why Is 3 AM Called The Witching Hour?” FrightFind. August 28, 2018. https://frightfind.com/why-is-3-am-called-the-witching-hour/
Woolf, Alex. “Dún Nechtain, Fortriu and the Geography of the Picts.” The Scottish Historical Review 220(2), October 2006: pp. 182-201.
Zapal, Haley. “3AM Challenge: Late Night Fright.” Bark. November 13, 2018. https://www.bark.us/blog/late-night-fright-3am-challenge/
Sources from Legends 45
“19th March 1286: ‘A Strong Wind Will Be Heard in Scotland.’” Weaving the Tapestry. March 19, 2021. https://weavingthetapestry.tumblr.com/post/646114279447265280/19th-march-1286-a-strong-wind-will-be-heard-in
Abernethy, Susan. “Margaret of England, Queen of Scots.” The Freelance History Writer. October 26, 2012. https://thefreelancehistorywriter.com/2012/10/26/margaret-of-england-queen-of-scotland/
“Alexander III.” Britannica. August 31, 2024. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alexander-III-king-of-Scotland
“Alexander III (1249-1286).” ScotClans. [n.d.] https://www.scotclans.com/pages/alexander-iii-1249-1286
“Alexander III (r. 1249-1286).” The Royal Household. [n.d.] https://www.royal.uk/alexander-iii-r-1249-1286
“Alexander III: A Ghostly Visitor At His Wedding Was A Portent Of His Impending Death.” Spooky Scotland. [n.d.] https://spookyscotland.net/alexander-iii/
Bassett, Troy J. “Author: Mary Crawford Fraser.” At the Circulating Library: A Database of Victorian Fiction, 1837—1901. September 4, 2024. https://www.victorianresearch.org/atcl/show_author.php?aid=2660
“The 'Black Lady' of Darmstadt.” Southland Times. February 4, 1892. https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/ST18920204.2.25
Borthwick, Alan. “From the NRS Archives: A Royal Wedding.” National Records of Scotland. July 25, 2020. https://blog.nrscotland.gov.uk/2020/07/25/from-the-nrs-archives-a-royal-wedding/
Clarke, David. “Scared to death: fatal encounters with ghosts.” Contemporary Legend 3(3), 2013: pp. 1-21.
Connolly, Sharon Bennett. “The Maid of Norway – The Tragic Story of Scotland’s First Queen Regnant.” History…The Interesting Bits! September 26, 2015. https://historytheinterestingbits.com/2015/09/26/the-maid-of-norway-scotlands-first-queen-regnant/
Connolly, Sharon Bennett. “Yolande and the Hope for the Scottish Succession.” History…The Interesting Bits! October 30, 2016. https://historytheinterestingbits.com/2016/10/30/yolande-and-the-hope-for-the-scottish-succession/
“Dread White Woman.” Indianapolis Journal. December 3, 1899. https://newspapers.library.in.gov/?a=d&d=IJ18991203.1.7&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------
Eulenberg, Herbert. The Hohenzollerns (Taylor & Francis, 2019).
Fargo, James E. “Reign of King Alexander III (1249-1286).” Clan Donnachaidh Society, Mid-Atlantic Branch. [n.d.] https://www.robertson.org/D_King_Alexander_3.html
Foley, Liam. “May 18, 1797: Birth of Friedrich-August II, King of Saxony.” European Royal History. May 18, 2020. https://europeanroyalhistory.wordpress.com/2020/05/18/may-18-1797-birth-of-friedrich-august-ii-king-of-saxony/
Fraser, Mrs. Hugh. A Diplomatist's Wife in Many Lands, Volume 1 (Dodd, Mead, and Company, 1910).
“Frederick Augustus II.” Britannica. August 5, 2024. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Frederick-Augustus-II
Herzfeld, Hans. “Frederick William IV.” Britannica. March 4, 2024. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Frederick-William-IV
Herzog, Edgar. Psyche and Death (Spring Publications, 1983).
“The History of Horror: How Ghost Stories Have Evolved.” Saint Joseph’s University. October 23, 2019. https://www.sju.edu/news/history-horror-how-ghost-stories-have-evolved
“Hohenzollern dynasty.” Britannica. July 6, 2024. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hohenzollern-dynasty
“house of Wittelsbach.” Britannica. November 27, 2018. https://www.britannica.com/topic/House-of-Wittelsbach
Jenkins, Keith. “The mysterious Ksiaz Castle.” Velvet Escape. [n.d.] https://velvetescape.com/ksiaz-castle-poland/
Jimenez, Larry. “10 Creepy Omens That Foretold a Royal Death.” Listverse. May 1, 2024. https://listverse.com/2024/05/01/10-creepy-omens-that-foretold-a-royal-death/
Johnson, Ben. “The Anglo-Scottish Wars (or Wars of Scottish Independence).” Historic UK. [n.d.] https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofScotland/The-AngloScottish-Wars-or-Wars-of-Scottish-Independence/
“Karrösten.” Tyrol.tl. [n.d.] https://www.tyrol.tl/en/tyrol/pitztal-and-oetztal/karroesten/
Koch, H.W. A History of Prussia (Taylor & Francis, 2014).
“Kunigunde von Orlamünde.” Wikipedia. May 29, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunigunde_von_Orlamünde
“Margaret (Maid of Norway) (1286-1290).” ScotClans. [n.d.] https://www.scotclans.com/pages/margaret-maid-of-norway-1286-1290
Mehl, Scott. “Maria Anna of Bavaria, Queen of Saxony.” Unofficial Royalty. August 3, 2017. https://www.unofficialroyalty.com/maria-anna-of-bavaria-queen-of-saxony/
McMahon, Emily and Scott Mehl. “Marie of Prussia, Queen of Bavaria.” Unofficial Royalty. 2013. https://www.unofficialroyalty.com/marie-of-prussia-queen-of-bavaria/
Moore, Calvin Conzelus and John B. Williamson. “The Universal Fear of Death and the Cultural Response.” In Handbook of Death & Dying, ed. Clifton D. Bryant & Dennis L. Peck (SAGE Publications, 2007).
“Mormonism in the UK.” BBC. June 10, 2009. https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/mormon/history/uk.shtml
“Perchta, the ghostly White Lady of the Rožmberk castles.” Magic Bohemia. [n.d.] https://magicbohemia.com/perchta-the-white-lady-of-the-rozmberk-castles/
Poe, Edgar Allan. The Collected Works of Edgar Allan Poe: Tales and Sketches: 1831-1842, ed. Thomas Ollive Mabbott (Belknap Press, 1978).
Prince Michael of Greece. “A Warning for King Alexander III.” Prince Michael’s Chronicles. June 28, 2017. https://www.princemichaelschronicles.com/a-warning-for-king-alexander-iii/
Prince Michael of Greece. “The White Lady of the Hohenzollern.” Prince Michael’s Chronicles. August 17, 2020. https://www.princemichaelschronicles.com/the-white-lady-of-the-hohenzollern/
Reid, Norman H. Alexander III, 1249-1286: First Among Equals (John Donald, 2019).
Ruys, Juanita Feros. “Dying 101: Emotion, Experience, and Learning How to Die in the Late Medieval artes moriendi.” Parergon 31(2), 2014: pp. 55-79.
“Some Ghostly Visitors.” The Leader [Regina, SK]. February 22, 1900. https://www.newspapers.com/image/493000539/
Stewart, Gregor. Haunted Kirkcaldy (History Press, 2014).
“Story of the Campo Lane Ghost.” Sheffield and Rotherham Independent. March 10, 1855. https://www.newspapers.com/image/401049136/
“Story of the Campo Lane Ghost.” Sheffield and Rotherham Independent. March 17, 1855. https://www.newspapers.com/image/401049255/
Studders, Steph. “Entry from the #WhitworthBestiary. Revenants: The Troublesome Undead in the Middle Ages.” A Place Between The Trees. March 12, 2021. https://aplacebetweenthetrees.com/2021/03/12/entry-from-the-whitworth-bestiary-the-problem-with-the-walking-dead-revenants/
Topham, Ian. “Jedburgh Castle.” Mysterious Britain & Ireland. December 15, 2018. https://www.mysteriousbritain.co.uk/folklore/folktales/jedburgh-castle/
“The White Ladies of German Lore.” Historical Blindness. July 18, 2017. https://www.historicalblindness.com/blogandpodcast//the-white-ladies-of-german-lore
“The White Lady of Berlin.” Wanganui Chronicle. March 23, 1918. https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/WC19180323.2.68
“The White Lady of the Hohenzollerns.” In The Cornhill Magazine, New Series, Vol. VIII (Smith, Elder & Co., 1887).
“Yolande de Dreux.” Undiscovered Scotland. [n.d.] https://www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk/usbiography/d/yolandededreux.html
Zalinski, Countess. Noted Prophecies: Predictions, Omens, and Legends Concerning The Great War and The Great Changes To Follow (Yogi Publishing Co., 1917).
Sources from Lore 271
Blackadder, Jesse. “Frozen voices: Women, silence and Antarctica.” In Antarctica: Music, Sounds, and Cultural Connections, ed. Bernadette Hince, Rupert Summerson & Arnan Wiesel (ANU Press, 2015).
Conan Doyle, Arthur. Memories and Adventures (Hodder & Stoughton, 1924).
“Exploring Antarctica - a timeline.” Royal Museums Greenwich. [n.d.] https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/topics/history-antarctic-explorers
Fox, Margaret. The Love-Life of Dr. Kane (Carleton, 1866).
Geiger, John. The Third Man Factor: Surviving the Impossible (Weinstein Books, 2009).
“Guardian Angels Or The 'Third Man Factor’?” NPR. September 13, 2009. https://www.npr.org/2009/09/13/112746464/guardian-angels-or-the-third-man-factor
“HMS Terror and Erebus.” Royal Museums Greenwich. [n.d.] https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/topics/hms-terror-erebus-history-franklin-lost-expedition
Jackson, Ashawnta. “Women in the Age of Polar Exploration.” JSTOR Daily. January 23, 2023. https://daily.jstor.org/women-in-the-age-of-polar-exploration/
Johnson, Robert E. “Kane, Elisha Kent.” In Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 8 (University of Toronto/Université Laval, 1985).
Maddox, Lauren. “The Love-Life of Dr. Kane.” American Geographical Society Library. May 13, 2020. https://agslibraryblog.wordpress.com/2019/06/25/the-love-life-of-dr-kane/
“Margaretta Fox.” Find a Grave. [n.d.] https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/18865/margaretta-fox
McCorristine, Shane. “The psychic search for the Franklin expedition.” Royal Museums Greenwich. October 23, 2017. https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/blog/psychic-search-franklin-expedition
McCorristine, Shane. “The Franklin Ghosts.” Up Here. October/November 2018. https://uphere.ca/articles/franklin-ghosts
McCorristine, Shane. The Spectral Arctic: A History of Dreams & Ghosts in Polar Exploration (UCL Press, 2018).
Mulvaney, Kieran. “The Inuit Woman Who Survived Alone on an Arctic Island After a Disastrous Expedition.” History. July 11, 2023. https://www.history.com/news/ada-blackjack-inuit-wrangel-island
Pegrine, Peggy, Valerie Davey, & Betty Webster. “A letter of application to join Ernest Shackleton's Endurance expedition.” Scott Polar Research Institute. January 11, 1914. https://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/archives/shackleton/articles/1537,2,30,5-6.html
“A Romantic Story.” The Brooklyn Daily Eagle. December 22, 1865. https://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/50600180/
Rosner, Victoria. “Gender and Polar Studies: Mapping the Terrain.” Signs 34(3), Spring 2009: pp. 489-494.
Shackleton, Ernest. South (William Heinemann, 1919).
“Sir Ernest Shackleton and T S Eliot’s ‘third man’.” Royal Scottish Geographical Society. May 19, 2023. https://www.rsgs.org/blog/sir-ernest-shackleton-and-t-s-eliots-third-man
Smith, Cynthia. “Reaching the South Pole During the Heroic Age of Exploration.” Library of Congress Blogs. September 21, 2021. https://blogs.loc.gov/maps/2021/09/reaching-the-south-pole-during-the-heroic-age-of-exploration/
Stefanson, Vihjalmur. The Adventure of Wrangel Island (Jonathan Cape, 1925).
Stephens, Courtney. “The Magnetic North.” The New Inquiry. May 14, 2014. https://thenewinquiry.com/the-magnetic-north/
“Stepping into history: Women mark 40 years of working in the U.S. Antarctic Program.” U.S. National Science Foundation. November 13, 2009. https://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?org=OPP&cntn_id=115957&preview=false
Stuart, Nancy Rubin. The Reluctant Spiritualist: The Life of Maggie Fox (Harcourt, 2005).
Ward, Paul. “Antarctica History - 1898 -1922: The Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration.” CoolAntarctica. [n.d.] https://www.coolantarctica.com/Antarctica fact file/History/The_heroic_age_of_Antarctic_exploration.php
Warnes, Kathy. “Margaret Fox Kane and Her Victorian Love Story.” Women of Every Complexion and Complexity. [n.d.] https://womenofeverycomplexionandcomplexity.weebly.com/margaret-fox-kane-and-her-victorian-love-story.html
Watson, Paul. “Ship found in Arctic 168 years after doomed Northwest Passage attempt.” The Guardian. September 12, 2016. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/sep/12/hms-terror-wreck-found-arctic-nearly-170-years-northwest-passage-attempt
Wehi, Priscilla M., Nigel J. Scott, Jacinta Beckwith, Rata Pryor Rodgers, Tasman Gillies, Vincent Van Uitregt & Krushil Watene. “A short scan of Māori journeys to Antarctica.” Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand. June 6, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210612013207id_/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/03036758.2021.1917633?needAccess=true
“What happened to HMS Erebus and Terror?” Royal Museums Greenwich. [n.d]. https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/topics/what-happened-to-erebus-terror-crew-true-story
White, Edward. “In the Joints of Their Toes.” The Paris Review. November 4, 2016. https://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2016/11/04/in-the-joints-of-their-toes/
Wheeler, Sarah. Terra Incognita: Travels in Antarctica (Random House, 1996).
Sources from Legends 44
“Another Ghost!” The Bury and Norwich Post. 3/5/1834, p.1. https://www.newspapers.com/image/394702546/?match=1&clipping_id=156378231.
Batuman, Elif. “The Bells.” The New Yorker. 4/20/2009. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2009/04/27/the-bells-6.
“Bealing Bells.” Engole. Updated 6/20.2024. https://engole.info/bealings-bells/.
“Bell.” Superstitions Online. 10/22/2009. https://superstitionsonline.com/bell/.
“Bomere, Shomere and Betton Pools.” Designated Sites. https://designatedsites.naturalengland.org.uk/PDFsForWeb/Citation/1003107.pdf.
Briggs, Stacia and Connor, Siofra. “Weird Suffolk: Poltergeist Activity at Great Bealings.” East Anglian Daily Times. 2/1/2019. https://www.eadt.co.uk/news/21445662.weird-suffolk-poltergeist-activity-great-bealings/.
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. “Bell.” Encyclopedia Britannica. 4/28/2024. https://www.britannica.com/art/bell-musical-instrument.
“Building the Minster.” Dewsbury Team Parish. https://dewsburyteamparish.org.uk/heritage/building-the-minster/.
Burne, Charlotte Sophia. Shropshire Folk-Lore: A Sheaf of Gleanings. London: Trübner & Co., 1883. Digital. https://archive.org/details/shropshirefolkl00burngoog/page/n10/mode/2up.
Campbell, Duncan. History of Prince Edward Island. Charlottetown: Bremner Brothers, 1875. Digital. https://archive.org/details/historyprinceed00campgoog/page/n4/mode/2up.
“Church Bell.” Medieval London. Fordham University. https://medievallondon.ace.fordham.edu/exhibits/show/medieval-london-objects/churchbell.
Cohen, Daniel. In Search of Ghosts. New York: Dodd, Mead & Company, 1972. Digital. https://archive.org/details/insearchofghosts00cohe/page/54/mode/2up.
Daniels, Cora Linn and Stevans, C. M. Encyclopaedia of Superstitions, Folklore, and the Occult Sciences of the World. Vol. 1. Chicago: J.. Yewdale & Sons Co., Publishers, 1903. Digital. view here.
“Devil’s Knell.” Engole. Updated 2/12/2023. https://engole.info/devils-knell/.
“The Devil’s Knell at Dewsbury Minster and the Tenor Bell, Black Tom.” The Johnstone’s Web. http://99b.uk/B2Bells/B2023DevilsKnell.htm.
Dray, Philip. Stealing God’s Thunder: Benjamin Franklin’s Lightning Rod and the Invention of America. New York: Random House, 2005. E-book.
“Fearful Loss of Life—Wreck of Fairy Queen.” Haszard’s Gazette. 10/12/1853. p.2. view here.
“Flash Flood History Severn and Welsh Borders.” Jbatrust.org. https://www.jbatrust.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Severn-and-Welsh-borders.pdf.
“For Whom the Bell Tolls.” Dewsbury Reporter. 12/20/1996, p.1. https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0005161/19961220/010/0001.
“Frankwell Flood Alleviation Scheme Shrewsbury.” Environment Agency. https://geography.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/TR-Shrewsburyfloods-Dec22.pdf.
Guiley, Rosemary. The Encyclopedia of Ghosts and Spirits. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2007. Digital. https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofgh0000guil_s6t5/page/46/mode/2up.
Guiley, Rosemary. The Encyclopedia of Witches and Witchcraft. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 1999. Digital. https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofwi00guil/page/270/mode/2up.
Hanks, Patrick, Coates, Richard and McClure, Peter. The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland. Vol. 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016. Digital. https://archive.org/details/oxford-dictionary-of-family-names-in-britain-and-ireland-2016/page/2492/mode/2up.
“History.” St. James Presbyterian Church. https://kirkstjames.ca/history/.
Hole, Christina. English Traditional Customs. Totowa: Rowman and Littlefield, 1975. Digital. https://archive.org/details/englishtradition0000hole/page/n7/mode/2up.
Holman, H.T. ““Altogether Unproductive of Profit”: A History of the First Prince Edward Island Steam Navigation Company.” Canadian Nautical Research Society. Vol. 30. https://www.cnrs-scrn.org/northern_mariner/vol30/tnm_30_23-44.pdf.
Hope, Robert Charles. The Legendary Lore of the Holy Wells of England: Including Rivers, Lakes, Fountains, and Springs. London: Elliot Stock, 1893. Digital. https://insearchofholywellsandhealingsprings.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/legendaryloreofholywellshope.pdf.
Huanaco, Francisco. “Witches Bells: Their Magical Origins, Purposes and Uses.” Spells8. 7/5/2022. https://spells8.com/witches-bells/.
Lady Wilde. Ancient Legends of Ireland. London: Chatto & Windus, 1919. https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/61436/pg61436-images.html
“Landscape Legends of Eastern England.” Hidden East Anglia. https://www.hiddenea.com/norfolkt.htm.
“Loss of the Fairy Queen.” Haszard’s Gazette. 10/22/1853. p. 2. view here.
MacDonald, Edward. “Ghosts of the Fairy Queen.” University of Prince Edward Island. 10/30/2019. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u7_Kpn8CZyU.
Moor, Edward. Bealings Bells. Woodbridge: John Loder, 1841. Digital. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Bealings_Bells/lWcwAQAAMAAJ?gbpv=1.
Notes and Queries: A Medium of Inter-Communication for Literary Men, Artists, Antiquaries, Genealogists, Etc. Vol. 7. January-June 1853. London: George Bell, 1853. Digital. https://archive.org/details/notesqueries7118unse/page/n7/mode/2up.
Pevsner, Nikolaus. North-East Norfolk and Norwich. London: Penguin Books, 1962. Digital. https://archive.org/details/northeastnorfolk0000pevs/page/n7/mode/2up.
Podmore, Frank. Modern Spiritualism: A History and A Criticism. London: Methuen & Co., 1902. Digital. https://archive.org/details/modernspirituali01podmiala/page/n9/mode/2up.
Radford, E. & M. A. Encyclopedia of Superstitions. London: Book Club Associates, 1974. Digital. https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofsu0000radf_c8i3/mode/2up.
“Rea Brook.” Floodmapper UK. https://www.floodmapper.co.uk/data-explorer/operational-catchments/Rea%20Brook.
Rej, Arindam. “Why the Devil’s Knell is a Christmas Tradition in Dewsbury.” The Yorkshire Post. 12/23/2015. https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/arts-and-culture/why-the-devils-knell-is-a-christmas-tradition-in-dewsbury-1806887.
“St Peter and St Paul, Tunstall.” The Norfolk Churches Site. http://www.norfolkchurches.co.uk/tunstall/tunstall.htm.
“SS Peter and Paul’s Church, Tunstall.” Norfolk Heritage Explorer. https://www.heritage.norfolk.gov.uk/record-details?MNF10392-SS-Peter-and-Paul%27s-Church-Tunstall&Index=2&RecordCount=1&SessionID=c1ffe09f-cdd5-403c-ac69-1ace536bda77.
“Scheduled Monument 1006251.” Shropshire HER. Heritage Gateway. Updated 3/29/2022. https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=MSA131&resourceID=1015.
“Scheduled Monument 1003016.” Shropshire HER. Heritage Gateway. Updated 1/31/2024. https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=MSA132&resourceID=1015.
Simpson, Jacqueline, and Roud, Steve. A Dictionary of English Folklore. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000. Digital. https://www.tadshistory.com/TADS/books/A_Dictionary_of_English_Folklore_ABEE.pdf.
“Some Descendants of (Sir) John Sothill Knight (1215-1266).” Ancestryregister.com. http://washington.ancestryregister.com/SOTHILL00006.htm.
Spencer, Ann. And Round Me Rings: Bell Tales and Folklore. Toronto: Tundra Books, 2003. Digital. https://archive.org/details/androundmeringsb0000spen/page/224/mode/2up.
“To the Editor of the Ipswich Journal.” Ipswich Journal. 3/8/1832. p.4. https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000071/18340308/012/0004.
Turner, J. Horsfall. Yorkshire Notes and Queries. Vol. I. Bingley: T. Harrison, 1888. Digital. https://archive.org/details/yorkshirenotesa01turngoog/page/n6/mode/2up.
Underwood, Peter. Dictionary of the Supernatural: An A to Z of Hauntings, Possession, Witchcraft, Demonology and Other Occult Phenomena. London: Harrap, 1978. Digital. https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofsupe0000unde/page/n5/mode/2up.
Walker, J. W. Wakefield Its History and People. Vol. II. London: S. R. Publishers Ltd., 1966. Digital. https://archive.org/details/wakefieldithisto0002jwwa/page/630/mode/2up.
Watson, Julie V. Ghost Stories & Legends of Prince Edward Island. Toronto: Dundurn Press, 1988. Digital. https://archive.org/details/ghoststorieslege0000wats/page/n5/mode/2up.
Watson, Julie V. Shipwrecks & Seafaring Tales of Prince Edward Island. Halifax: Nimbus Publishing Ltd., 2009. Digital. https://archive.org/details/shipwrecksseafar0000wats/page/80/mode/2up.
Westwood, Jennifer and Simpson, Jacqueline. Lore of the Land: A Guide to England's Legends From Spring-Heeled Jack to the Witches of Warboys. London: Penguin Books, 2006.
“Why Being a Bell-Ringer During the Middle Ages Was One of the Worst Jobs in History.” Campaners de la Catedral de València. https://campaners.com/php/textos.php?text=7263.
Sources from Lore 270
The 12 Creepiest Exhibits at Philadelphia’s Mütter Museum of Medical Oddities, August 2016, https://the-line-up.com/mutter-museum
Abbott, G. Ghosts of the Tower of London. London: William Heinemann Ltd, 1980. https://archive.org/details/ghostsoftowerofl0000abbo/page/n5/mode/2up
Alberge, Dalya. “Chilling Find Shows How Henry VIII Planned Every Detail of Boleyn Beheading.” The Guardian. 10/25/2020. https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2020/oct/25/chilling-find-shows-how-henry-viii-planned-every-detail-of-boleyn-beheading
“Anne Boleyn.” Historic Royal Palaces. https://www.hrp.org.uk/tower-of-london/history-and-stories/anne-boleyn/#gs.brjpku
Bell, Doyne C. Notices of the Historic Persons Buried in the Chapel of St. Peter Ad Vincula, in the Tower of London With An Account of the Discovery of the Supposed Remains of Queen Anne Boleyn. London: John Murray, 1877. Digital. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Notices_of_the_Historic_Persons_Buried_i/CikDYLNJwf4C?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA1&printsec=frontcover
Bennett, Edward Turner. The Tower Menagerie: Comprising the Natural History of the Animals Contained in That Establishment; with Anecdotes of their Characters and History. London: Project Gutenberg, 1829. E-book. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/53764/53764-h/53764-h.htm
Bowery, Susan. “The Legend of the Ravens of the Tower of London.” RoyalCentral.co.uk. 1/19/2021. https://royalcentral.co.uk/features/the-legend-of-the-ravens-of-the-tower-of-london-154848
Brain, Jessica. “King Henry III.” Historic UK. https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofEngland/King-Henry-III/
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. “Henry III.” Encyclopedia Britannica. 6/30/2024. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-III-king-of-England-1207-1272
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. “St. George.” Encyclopedia Britannica. 6/21/2024. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-George
Britton, John and Brayley, E.W. Memoirs of the Tower of London: Comprising Historical and Descriptive Accounts of That National Fortress and Palace: Anecdotes of State Prisoners:—Of The Armouries:—Jewels:—Regalia:—Records:—Menageria, etc. London: Hurst, Chance, and Co., 1830. https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_5GTSAAAAMAAJ/page/n5/mode/2up
Castelow, Ellen. “Torture in the Tower of London.” Historic UK. 3/16/2015. https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofEngland/Torture-in-the-Tower-of-London
Chamberlin, Russell. The Tower of London: An Illustrated History. Exeter: Webb & Bower, 1989. https://archive.org/details/toweroflondonill0000cham/page/n5/mode/2up
“The Chapel of St Peter ad Vincula.” The Chapels Royal HM Tower of London. https://www.thechapelsroyalhmtoweroflondon.org.uk/welcome/the-chapel-of-st-peter-ad-vincula
Davidson, Lucy. “Lions and Tigers and Bears: The Tower of London Menagerie.” History Hit. 6/1/2022. https://www.historyhit.com/lions-and-tigers-and-bears-the-tower-of-london-menagerie
DeepBlueInk. “The Tower of London: A Symbol of English History and Heritage.” Medium. 3/29/2024. https://medium.com/@angelicdolphin12/the-tower-of-london-a-symbol-of-english-history-and-heritage-a0df7de65291
“Dressed to Kill: Henry VIII’s Life in Armour.” The Guardian. 4/3/2009. https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/gallery/2009/apr/02/monarchy-henry-viii
“8 Things You Need to Know About the Tower of London.” Historic Royal Palaces. https://artsandculture.google.com/story/8-things-you-need-to-know-about-the-tower-of-london-historic-royal-palaces/eAVxSyLgG1zf4Q?hl=en
Flantzer, Susan. “Assassination of Henry VI, King of England (1471).” Unofficial Royalty. 2020. https://www.unofficialroyalty.com/assassination-of-henry-vi-king-of-england-1471/
Geaman, Kristen. “Modernizing Matthew Paris: The Standards and Practices of the First Printed Editions.” Scholarsarchive.byu.edu. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1105&context=rmmra
“The Ghosts of the Tower of London.” Exemplore. 8/1/2022. https://exemplore.com/paranormal/Paranormal-Britain-Ghosts-of-the-Tower-of-London
Tr. by Giles, J.A. Matthew Paris’s English History, From the Year 1235 to 1273, Vol. I. London: Henry G. Bohn, 1852. https://archive.org/details/matthewparissen00parigoog/page/n13/mode/2up
“Henry III (r.1216-1272).” The Royal Household. https://www.royal.uk/henry-iii
“Henry III Watergate.” Wonders of the World. https://www.wonders-of-the-world.net/Tower-of-London/Description/Henry-III-watergate.php
“Henry VI: England’s Youngest Monarch.” Historic Royal Palaces. https://www.hrp.org.uk/tower-of-london/history-and-stories/henry-vi/#gs.bob38g
“Henry VI (r.1422-1461 and 1470-1471).” The Royal Household. https://www.royal.uk/henry-vi
History.com Editors. “London.” HISTORY. A&E Television Networks. Updated 3/7/2019. https://www.history.com/topics/european-history/london-england
History.com Editors. “Tower of London.” HISTORY. A&E Television Networks. Updated 8/21/2018. https://www.history.com/topics/middle-ages/tower-of-london
“History of the Line of Kings Exhibition.” Historic Royal Palaces. https://www.hrp.org.uk/tower-of-london/whats-on/line-of-kings/history-of-the-exhibition/#gs.bq0cg1
“The History of London.” London Hut. https://www.londonhut.com/p/history-of-london
“History of the Tower Armouries.” Royal Armouries. https://royalarmouries.org/about-us/royal-armouries-history/history-of-the-tower-armouries
Jen. “Secrets & Specters: 21 Ghosts of the Tower of London.” London Dark Tourist. 11/29/2023. https://londondarktourist.com/ghosts-of-the-tower-of-london/
“Jewish Medieval History at the Tower of London.” Historic Royal Palaces. https://www.hrp.org.uk/tower-of-london/history-and-stories/jewish-medieval-history-at-the-tower-of-london/#gs.bnv2ud
Johnson, Ben. “Tower Ravens.” Historic UK. https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryMagazine/DestinationsUK/Tower-Ravens
Johnson, Lauren. The Shadow King: The Life and Death of Henry VI. New York: Pegasus Books, 2019.
Jones, Richard. “The Ghosts of the Tower of London: One of Britain’s Most Haunted Locations.” London Walking Tours. https://www.london-walking-tours.co.uk/free-tours/tower-of-london-ghosts.htm
Kennedy, Maev. “Tower of London’s Line of Kings Continues 400-Year-Old Narrative.” The Guardian. 7/7/2013. https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2013/jul/07/tower-london-line-kings-reopens
“Line of Kings.” Historic Royal Palaces. https://www.hrp.org.uk/tower-of-london/whats-on/line-of-kings/#gs.bpydrj
“Map of the Tower of London.” Wonders of the World. https://www.wonders-of-the-world.net/Tower-of-London/Map-of-the-tower-of-London.php
Margaret. “Executions at Tower Hill & Tower Green.” Tours By Foot. Updated 4/28/2024. https://freetoursbyfoot.com/executions-at-tower-hill/#:~:text=Many%20people%20associate%20the%20Tower,occurred%20during%20the%2020th%20century
“Menagerie of the Tower of London.” Wonders of the World. https://www.wonders-of-the-world.net/Tower-of-London/Menagerie-of-the-tower-of-London.php
Morris, Edd. “The Tower of London Ghosts: Headless Haunts, Suffocating Sensations and Wandering White Women.” Exploring Castles. https://www.exploring-castles.com/uk/england/tower_london_ghosts
Mourby, Adrian. “Henry III: The Builder King.” Discover Britain. https://www.discoverbritainmag.com/henry-iii
Norton, Elizabeth. “Anne Boleyn: Your Guide to the Life and Death of Henry VIII’s Second Queen—Plus 11 Little-Known Facts.” History Extra. 3/19/2024. https://www.historyextra.com/period/tudor/anne-boleyn-facts-elizabeth-henry-wife-birth-death
“The Ravens.” Historic Royal Palaces. https://www.hrp.org.uk/tower-of-london/whats-on/the-ravens/#gs.c13u39
Ridgway, Claire. “The Final Days of Anne Boleyn: Why Did She Die?” History Extra. 5/19/2021. https://www.historyextra.com/period/tudor/anne-boleyn-death-execution-where-buried-how-die
“Royal Chapel.” Wonders of the World. https://www.wonders-of-the-world.net/Tower-of-London/Description/Chapel-royal.php
Sax, Boria. “The Tower Ravens: Invented Tradition, Fakelore, or Modern Myth?” Storytelling, Self, Society, vo. 6, no. 3, 2010, pp.231-40. JSTOR. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41949136
“The Story of the Tower of London.” Historic Royal Palaces. https://www.hrp.org.uk/tower-of-london/history-and-stories/the-story-of-the-tower-of-london/#gs.bzxw4x
“Torture in the Tower of London, 1597.” EyeWitness to History. 2005. http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/torture.htm
“Tower Hill History.” Benjidog Historical Research Resources: Merchant Navy Memorials at Tower Hill. https://www.benjidog.co.uk/Tower%20Hill/history.php
“The Tower of London.” The Illustrated Magazine of Art, vol. 4, no. 19, 1854, pp.17-18. JSTOR. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20538359
“The Tower of London.” TudorHistory.org. https://tudorhistory.org/places/tower
“Tower of London.” Unesco. https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/488
“The Tower of London Menagerie.” Historic Royal Palaces. https://www.hrp.org.uk/tower-of-london/history-and-stories/the-tower-of-london-menagerie/#gs.btb8a4
“Wakefield Tower.” Wonders of the World. https://www.wonders-of-the-world.net/Tower-of-London/Description/Wakefield-tower.php
“Water-Gate Found.” Getty Images. https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/the-newly-discovered-water-gate-built-by-king-henry-iii-in-news-photo/3254162
“Weapons and Armors.” Wonders of the World. https://www.wonders-of-the-world.net/Tower-of-London/Weapons-and-armors.php
“The White Tower.” The Victorian Web. https://victorianweb.org/victorian/art/illustration/cruikshank/tol/18.html
Sources from Legends 43
Andersson, Lara. “The Swedish Tomte.” Swedish Press. 12/22/2018. https://swedishpress.com/the-genealogy-of-the-swedish-tomte/.
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. “St. Nicholas.” Encyclopedia Britannica. 3/29/2024. https://www.britannica.com/topic/bishop-Christianity.
Butler, Mihaela Lica. “Who Are the Kallikantzaroi Greek Christmas Goblins?” Argophilia. 12/2/2023. https://www.argophilia.com/news/kallikantzaroi-greek-christmas-goblins/232499/#google_vignette.
Davey, Steve. “The Legend of Tomte.” Cloudberry. 12/6/2017. https://cloudberryliving.co.uk/blogs/blog/the-legend-of-tomte.
“Deadly Secrets: The Lawson Family Murder.” Fox 8. https://myfox8.com/true-crime-nc/deadly-secrets-the-lawson-family-murder/
Dundas, Susie. “Beware the Yule Cat, Iceland’s Child-Eating Monster.” Atlas Obscura. December 22, 2023. https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/yule-cat-jolakotturinn-iceland
“The Eight Strangest Christmas Traditions on Earth.” Yha. https://www.yha.com.au/travel-and-tours/traveller-stories/the-eight-strangest-christmas-traditions-on-earth/.
“Fifteen Hundred Attend Funeral Services for Lawson Family.” The Atlanta Journal. December 29, 1929. https://www.newspapers.com/image/972070944/?match=1&terms="lawson family" + murder.
Gee, Stanley. “Some Notes on Italian Folk Customs.” Folklore, vol. 93, no. 1, 1982, pp.93-97. JSTOR. http://www.jstor.org/stable/44005975.
Haugh, Chris. “Ruprecht.” Stories in Stone. 7/7/2022. http://www.mountolivethistory.com/stories-in-stone-blog/ruprecht.
Hawkins, Paul. Bad Santas And Other Creepy Christmas Characters. London: Simon & Schuster, 1988. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Bad_Santas_Disquieting_Winter_Folk_Tales/kduyfy30jDEC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Jólakötturinn&pg=PA114&printsec=frontcover
Hess, Amanda. “Swedes Are Introverted and Cynical, and So Are Their Christmas Traditions.” Slate. 12/11/2015. https://slate.com/human-interest/2015/12/christmas-in-sweden-the-tomte-swedens-version-of-santa-claus-is-a-scary-gnome.html.
Hughes, Robert. Barcelona. New York: Vintage Books. 1993. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Barcelona/mgKonzUWye8C?hl=en&gbpv=1.
Ingebretsens. “Legend of the Nisse and Tomte.” Ingebretsen’s Nordic Marketplace. 12 20/2023. https://ingebretsens-blog.com/legend-of-the-nisse-and-tomte/.
“Jenny Eugenia Nyström.” My Daily Art Display. 8/28/2021. https://mydailyartdisplay.uk/2021/08/28/jenny-eugenia-nystrom/.
“Jenny Nyström.” Kalmar County Museum. https://kalmarlansmuseum.se/en/exhibitions/jenny-nystrom/.
“Kallikantzaros.” US Ghost Adventures. https://usghostadventures.com/haunted-stories/25-days-of-christmas/kallikantzaros/.
“Kallikantzaroi—Greek Christmas Goblins.” Greeker Than the Greeks. https://greekerthanthegreeks.com/greek-christmas-customs-traditions-2/#google_vignette.
Karlsson, Áki Guðni. “The Yule Cat.” Icelandic Folklore. December 17, 2020. https://icelandicfolklore.is/the-yule-cat/
“Knecht Ruprecht and the Christmas Elves.” FrogDiva Thoughts. 12/6/2018. https://frogdivathoughts.com/2018/12/06/knecht-ruprecht-and-the-christmas-elves/.
“Knecht Ruprecht: Exploring the Enigmatic Figure of German Christmas Tradition.” German Culture. 7/3/2024. https://germanculture.com.ua/german-traditions/knecht-ruprecht/.
“Knecht Ruprecht, The German Anti-Santa.” Cult of Weird. https://www.cultofweird.com/culture/knecht-ruprecht/.
Lewis, Danny. “Each Christmas, Iceland’s Yule Cat Takes Fashion Policing to the Extreme.” Smithsonian Magazine. December 19, 2026. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/each-christmas-icelands-yule-cat-takes-fashion-policing-extreme-180961420/
Lufolk, Alicia. “Exploring the World of Tomten: The Hidden Force Behind Sweden’s Farm Life.” Lufolk Blacksmithing. 5/25/2023. https://lufolk.com/en-us/blogs/paganism-and-folklore/swedish-folklore-tomte.
Matsuo, Alex. “The Kallikantzaros: Creepy Christmas Monsters That Punish Sinners!” The Spooky Stuff. 12/27/2019. https://alexmatsuo.com/the-kallikantzaros-creepy-christmas-monsters-that-punish-sinners/.
“Murder of the Lawson Family.” Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder_of_the_Lawson_family#:~:text=The murder of the Lawson,six of his seven children.
Nickola, Kat. “Who is Knecht Ruprecht?” Stars and Stripes. 12/4/2023. https://europe.stripes.com/incoming/knecht-ruprecht-germany.html.
“The Nisse Who Stole Fodder. (Scandinavian Folklore).” Five Minute Folklore. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKWUbxFZtwU.
“Nordic Folklore: 10 Swedish Tomte Facts.” The Forest Fairy. 3/4/2024. https://theforestfairy.com/the-swedish-tomte-scandinavian-folklore/.
O’Brien, Sam. “The Danish Christmas Porridge that Appeased a Vengeful ‘House Elf.’” Atlas Obscura. 12/9/2020. https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/what-is-risengrod.
“Only One Member of Family of 9 Left.” Statesville Record and Landmark. December 26, 1929. https://www.newspapers.com/image/11435631/?match=1&terms="lawson family" + murder + arthur.
Paravantes, Maria. “Kallikantzari: The Trolls of Greek Christmas.” The Greek Vibe. 12/20/2022. https://www.thegreekvibe.com/kallikantzari-the-greek-trolls-of-christmas/.
Perpiraki, Marialena. “Greek Christmas Trolls: Kallikantzaroi | Greek Folklore.” Helinika. 11/26/2021. https://helinika.com/2021/11/26/kallikantzaroi-greek-folklore/.
Simpson, Jacqueline. Scandinavian Folktales. London: Penguin Books, 1988. https://archive.org/details/scandinavianfolk0233unse/page/166/mode/2up?q=poltergeist.
Spitzenberger, Ray. “Saint Nicholas, Krampus, Knecht Ruprecht, and Rumplich.” Wharton Journal Spectator. 12/9/2021. https://www.journal-spectator.com/east_bernard_express/article_2fdee6ca-5908-11ec-b2c9-4b7fcdc1761d.html.
“The Story of Tomte—The Christmas Gnome.” Tidbits & Twine. 12/10/2022. https://www.tidbitsandtwine.com/tomte/.
“Who is Knecht Ruprecht? St/ Nicholas’s Christmas-time Companion.” German Girl in America. https://germangirlinamerica.com/who-is-knecht-ruprecht/.
Sources from Lore 269
Androw, Thomas. The Old Jersey Captive: Or a Narrative of the Captivity of Thomas Andros on Board the Old Jersey Prison Ship at New York 1781. Boston: William Peirce, 1833. Digital. https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Old_Jersey_Captive/sTZPAAAAYAAJ?q=&gbpv=1#f=false
“Anthony Wayne: Wayne State’s Namesake and Batman’s Ancestor.” Wayne State University. https://s.wayne.edu/eld/digital-stories/anthony-wayne-wayne-states-namesake-and-batmans-ancestor
Armstrong, Catherine. “This South Carolina Legend Will Send Chills Down Your Spine.” Only in Your State. 11/21/2022. https://www.onlyinyourstate.com/south-carolina/legend-of-the-headless-sentry-sc
Baltrusis, Sam. Ghosts of Cambridge: Haunts of Harvard Square and Beyond. Charleston: Haunted America, 2013. E-book.
Blondino, Joseph R. “Meeting at Headquarters: Public Archeology at Valley Forge.” National Park Service. https://www.nps.gov/articles/public-archeology-at-valley-forge.htm
“Boston’s Spookiest Places.” CBS Boston. 10/10/2017. https://www.cbsnews.com/boston/news/bostons-spookiest-places
Brouwers, Josho. “Stele of the Vultures.” Ancient World Magazine. 8/14/2017. https://www.ancientworldmagazine.com/articles/stele-vultures
Campana, Douglas V. and Crabtree, Pam J. “Soldiers’ Diet At Valley Forge: An Analysis of the Faunal Remains From the 2000 Excavation Season.” Bull. Florida Museum of Natural History. 2003. pp.199-204. https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/Vol-44_199-204.pdf
Cartwright, Mark. “Ancient Greek Warfare.” World History Encyclopedia. 3/27/2018. https://www.worldhistory.org/Greek_Warfare
Cartwright, Mark. “Roman Warfare.” World History Encyclopedia. 10/22/2013. https://www.worldhistory.org/Roman_Warfare
“The Centennial and Memorial Association of Valley Forge.” Valley Forge. The Pennsylvania State University Press, 1995. National Park Service. https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/vafo/treese/treese2b.htm#:~:text=It%20is%20said%20that%20the,of%20a%20challenge%20and%20countersign
“Cherokee War (1759-1761).” South Carolina Encyclopedia. https://www.scencyclopedia.org/sce/entries/cherokee-war-1759-1761
“Christ Church.” Cambridge and The American Revolution. https://historycambridge.org/Cambridge-Revolution/Christ%20Church.html
Coulston, Jon. “Courage and Cowardice in the Roman Imperial Army.” War in History, January 2013, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp.7-31. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26098641?read-now=1&seq=10#page_scan_tab_contents
Cserkits, Michael, PhD. “The Concept of War in Ancient Mesopotamia: Reshaping Carl Von Clausewitz’s Trinity.” Marine Corps University Press. 1/4/2022. https://www.usmcu.edu/Outreach/Marine-Corps-University-Press/Expeditions-with-MCUP-digital-journal/The-Concept-of-War-in-Ancient-Mesopotamia
Dimuro, Claudia. “Does the Fighting Spirit of General ‘Mad’ Anthony Wayne Still Haunt PA.?” PENN Live. 10/31/2022. https://www.pennlive.com/life/2022/10/does-the-fighting-spirit-of-general-mad-anthony-wayne-still-haunt-pa.html
“Francis Marion.” American Battlefield Trust. https://www.battlefields.org/learn/biographies/francis-marion
Getty, Katie Turner. “Prisoners of War.” Journal of the American Revolution. 1/10/2019. https://allthingsliberty.com/2019/01/death-had-almost-lost-its-sting-disease-on-the-prison-ship-jersey
“The Ghost of Wedgefield Plantation.” Wedgefield Plantation. http://wedgefield.squarespace.com/the-ghost-story
“Haunting Encounters With Revolutionary Ghouls.” American Battlefield Trust. 10/20/2020. https://www.battlefields.org/learn/head-tilting-history/haunting-encounters-revolutionary-ghouls
History.com Editors. “Valley Forge.” HISTORY. A&E Television Networks. Updated 6/21/2023. https://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution/valley-forge
Horry, Peter, and Weems, Mason Locks. The Life of Gen. Francis Marion, A Celebrated Partisan Officer in the Revolutionary War Against the British and Tories In South Carolina and Georgia. Philadelphia: Joseph Allen, 1852. https://archive.org/details/lifegeneralfran00horrgoog/page/n108/mode/2up
Lambert, Paddy. “The Gladiatorial Eagles: Roman Heroism and Single Combat on Early Battlefields. Part One—Beginnings.” Heritage Daily. 3/1/2012. https://www.heritagedaily.com/2012/03/the-gladiatorial-eagles-roman-heroism-and-single-combat-on-early-battlefields-part-one-beginnings/27878
Mark, Joshua J. “Mesopotamian Warfare.” World History Encyclopedia. 2/13/2023. https://www.worldhistory.org/Mesopotamian_Warfare
“Middlesex, SS.” Dunlap and Claypoole’s American Daily Advertiser. 7/9/1778, pp. 2-3. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1034012989/?terms=Lieutenant%20Richard%20Brown
“Saragoga.” American Battlefield Trust. https://www.battlefields.org/learn/revolutionary-war/battles/saratoga
“Saratoga Surrender Site.” National Park Service. https://www.nps.gov/places/saratoga-surrender-site.htm
Schenawolf, Harry. “Best Ghost Stories of the American Revolution.” Revolutionary War Journal. 11/4/2022. https://revolutionarywarjournal.com/best-ghost-stories-of-the-american-revolution
Scott, Joseph C. “Anthony Wayne.” Mount Vernon. https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/anthony-wayne
Sherry, Jeff. “A Halloween Story—The Death of Anthony Wayne.” Hagen History Center. 10/30/2020. https://www.eriehistory.org/blog/a-halloween-story-the-death-of-anthony-wayne
Simms, W. Gilmore. The Life of Francis Marion. New York: J. & H. G. Langley, 1846. Digital. https://archive.org/details/lifeoffrancismar03simm/page/204/mode/2up
Strickland, Jonathan. “What Was the First War?” How Stuff Works. Updated 11/3/2023. https://science.howstuffworks.com/invent-war.htm
Texin, Cheryl. “Honor & Glory in the Iliad: Life After Death.” https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/21h-301-the-ancient-world-greece-fall-2004/1447f97ae9d1c36fb2b26ad4260bb734_pa1_iliad_rev_dn.pdf
Thomsen, Paul A. “Guerilla Patriot: The Intelligence Gathering Efforts and the Battle Tactics of Francis Marion.” American Intelligence Journal, Vol. 21, No. ½, Twenty Fifth Anniversary Issue (Spring 2002), pp.61-65. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44327006?read-now=1&seq=5#page_scan_tab_contents
“The Unsolved Mystery of Graves and Ghosts at Valley Forge.” UShistory.org. https://www.ushistory.org/valleyforge/history/vmyster.html#google_vignette
Waldo, Albigence. “Valley Forge, 1777-1778. Diary of Surgeon Albigence Waldo, of the Connecticut Line.” The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, vol. 21, no. 3, 1897. pp.299-323. JSTOR. https://archive.org/details/jstor-20085750/page/n3/mode/2up
“Warfare, Attitudes to (Greek and Hellenistic).” Oxford Dictionary of the Classical World. https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20111012190505609
Washington, George. “Copy of a Letter From Gen. Washington, to Adm. Digby.” Jackson’s Oxford Journal. 9/28/1782, p.1. https://www.newspapers.com/image/396484006/?match=1&terms=prison%20ships
Washington, George. “George Washington to [The Convention of New Hampshire] Valley Forge, [Pennsylvania], December 29, 1777.” The Gilder Lehrman Collection. https://www.gilderlehrman.org/sites/default/files/inline-pdfs/t-03706.pdf
Watson, Robert P. The Ghost Ship of Brooklyn: An Untold Story of the American Revolution. New York: Da Capo Press, 2017. E-book.
“Wayne Buried in Two Places.” Paoli Battlefield Preservation Fund. https://pbpfinc.org/wayne-buried-in-two-places
Wilkins, Armonee. “HMS Jersey.” Fraunces Tavern Museum. https://www.frauncestavernmuseum.org/hms-jersey
“Winter at Valley Forge.” American Battlefield Trust. 9/21/2017. https://www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/winter-valley-forge
Sources from Legends 42
“A Brief Introduction to Mound Builders and their Mounds.” Archaeology Travel. https://archaeology-travel.com/thematic-guides/pre-columbian-mounds-and-mound-builders/
Bad Luck, Hot Rocks. https://badluckhotrocks.com/tagged/bad luck
“Code of Hammurabi.” History. August 7, 2024. https://www.history.com/topics/ancient-middle-east/hammurabi
Domonoske, Camila. “Drought in Central Europe Reveals Cautionary ‘Hunger Stones’ in Czech River.” NPR. 8/24/2018. https://www.npr.org/2018/08/24/641331544/drought-in-central-europe-reveals-cautionary-hunger-stones-in-czech-river
Graham, Natalie. “A Closer Look at Petrified Wood.” Legends of America, www.legendsofamerica.com/az-petrifiedcurse
Hale, Tom. “What Are “Hunger Stones” And Why Did They Terrify People in Europe?” IFL Science. 8/17/2022. https://www.iflscience.com/what-are-hunger-stones-and-why-did-they-terrify-people-in-europe-64921
Heaphy, Linda. “The Bawdy Graffiti of Pompeii and Herculaneum.” Kashgar. 4/19/2017. https://kashgar.com.au/blogs/history/the-bawdy-graffiti-of-pompeii-and-herculaneu
Henley, Jon. “Hunger Stones, Wrecks and Bones: Europe’s Drought Brings Past to Surface.” The Guardian. 8/19/2022. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/aug/19/hunger-stones-wrecks-and-bones-europe-drought-brings-past-to-surface
Holdt, Thilde Kold. “Vikings Made Graffiti?” Thilde Kold Holdt. https://www.thildekoldholdt.com/post/vikings-made-graffiti
Hunter, J. Michael. “The Kinderhook Plates, the Tucson Artifacts, and Mormon Archeological Zeal.” Journal of Mormon History, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 31–70, https://doi.org/https://www.jstor.org/stable/23289247
Jacobs, Frank. “Europe’s Dry Rivers Reveal Creepy “Hunger Stones.” Big Think. 8/20/2022. https://bigthink.com/strange-maps/hunger-stones-europe/
“Jesse William Lazear.” Wikipedia. Last updated August 11, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_William_Lazear
Jones, Aaron Rickel. “Samuelson’s Bizarre Rocks.” LA Field Guide, 27 Jan. 2023, www.lafieldguide.com/p/samuelsons-bizarre-rocks
Kantrowitz, Jonathan. “Studying Pompeii’s Graffiti.” Archaeology News Report. 10/8/2009. http://archaeologynewsreport.blogspot.com/2009/10/studying-pompeiis-graffiti.html
Kiely, Alexandra. “The 7 Most Important Cave Paintings in the World.” The Collector. November 11, 2022. https://www.thecollector.com/most-important-cave-paintings-in-the-world/
“Lascaux.” Wikipedia. Last updated September 12, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lascaux
Layne, Ken. Desert Oracle: Volume 1: Strange True Tales from the American Southwest. Picador, 2021.
Los Lunas Decalogue - Background, web.archive.org/web/20131025131051/www.mhccorp.com/archaeology/decalogue-background.html
Madenholm, Terry. “Largest Collection of Ancient Graffiti Ever Found in Pompeii. Some Are Hysterically Funny.” Haaretz. 11/30/2021. https://www.haaretz.com/archaeology/2021-11-30/ty-article/largest-collection-of-ancient-graffiti-ever-found-in-pompeii-some-are-hysterically-funny/0000017f-dc01-d856-a37f-fdc1f53a0000
Murphy, Linda. “The Weird History of Dighton Rock.” Fall River Herald News, The Herald News, 6 Apr. 2018, www.heraldnews.com/story/entertainment/2018/04/06/the-weird-history-dighton-rock/12805647007/
Oatman-Stanford, Hunter. “Letters of the Damned: Exorcising the Curse of the Petrified Forest.” Collectors Weekly, www.collectorsweekly.com/articles/curse-of-the-petrified-forest/
O’Shaughnessy, Shane. “Artifacts Unearthed in Davenport in 1877 Might Have Changed History. Instead, They’re Remembered for a Conspiracy.” Little Village, 20 Jan. 2024, littlevillagemag.com/davenport-conspiracy-peak-iowa/
Pasquini, Phil. “Petro-Prophetic Words Hewn in Stone.” Philpasquini. http://philpasquini.com/samuelsons-rocks.html
Petiet, Mary. “New Theory Presented about Bourne Stone Markings.” CapeNews, 16 Oct. 2015, www.capenews.net/bourne/news/new-theory-presented-about-bourne-stone-markings/article_c471626c-0d8e-509f-bb5b-c0c235e62f31.html
Raphael Magarik “When Native Americans Were the Lost Tribes of Israel.” The Forward, 21 Apr. 2020, forward.com/culture/440860/when-native-americans-were-the-lost-tribes-of-israel/
Rojouan, Lucas. “‘Hunger Stones’ Resurface Across Europe as a Warning From Droughts Past.” Le Monde. 8/20/2022. https://www.lemonde.fr/en/environment/article/2022/08/20/hunger-stones-resurface-across-europe-as-a-warning-from-droughts-past_5994193_114.html#
Russell. “Viking Graffiti in Scotland.” Stencil Archive. 7/25/2023. https://www.stencilarchive.org/content/viking-graffiti-scotland
SCblogger. “The Davenport Conspiracy.” Primary Selections from Special Collections, 27 Sept. 2022, blogs.davenportlibrary.com/sc/2022/09/26/the-davenport-conspiracy/
“The Curse of the Petrified Forest.” Legends of America. https://www.legendsofamerica.com/az-petrifiedcurse/
Zipp, Sandy. “The Bitter Scribe of Quail Springs.” Cabinet Magazine. Summer 2007. https://cabinetmagazine.org/issues/26/zipp.php
“10 Interesting Examples of Ancient Graffiti.” Oldest. https://www.oldest.org/ancient/graffiti/
“Disturbed Lands.” National Parks Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, www.nps.gov/jotr/learn/nature/disturbedlands.htm.
“Featured Graffiti.” The Ancient Graffiti Project. http://ancientgraffiti.org/Graffiti/featured-graffiti
“Hijri-Gregorian Converter.” IslamiCity. https://www.islamicity.org/hijri-gregorian-converter/#
“Los Lunas Decalogue Stone.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 12 Apr. 2024, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Lunas_Decalogue_Stone
“Lost Horse Mine.” National Parks Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, www.nps.gov/jotr/learn/historyculture/lhmine.htm.
“Maes Howe Burial Chamber.” Vikingeskibs Museet. https://www.vikingeskibsmuseet.dk/en/professions/education/the-viking-age-geography/the-vikings-in-the-west/scotland/maes-howe-burial-chamber#:~:text=Maes%20howe%20is%20one%20of,Rognvald%20had%20gone%20off%20crusading.
“Newark Holy Stones.” Johnson-Humrickhouse Museum, www.jhmuseum.org/newark-holy-stones.html.
“Samuelson’s Rocks.” Atlas Obscura. 5/18/2018. https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/samuelsons-rocks
“Samuelson’s Rocks.” The Last Adventurer. http://lastadventurer.com/last-adventurers-fieldnotes/samuelsonsrocks
Smith, Kiona N. “The Epidemiologist Who Killed Himself for Science.” Forbes. September 25, 2017. https://www.forbes.com/sites/kionasmith/2017/09/25/the-epidemiologist-who-killed-himself-for-science/
“The Mystery of Dighton Rock – ‘No Man Alive Knows...’” New England Historical Society. 17 Dec. 2023. newenglandhistoricalsociety.com/the-mystery-of-dighton-rock-no-man-alive-knows/
“The Newark, Ohio Decalogue Stone and Keystone.” The Newark “Holy Stones,” www.asc.ohio-state.edu/mcculloch.2/arch/decalog.html
“The Place of Stone: Douglas Hunter.” University of North Carolina Press. 17 Aug. 2022. uncpress.org/book/9781469668734/the-place-of-stone/
“Tracing the Paths of the Vikings Through Their Graffiti.” Ancient Origins. 4/23/2016. https://www.ancient-origins.net/artifacts-ancient-writings/tracing-paths-vikings-through-their-graffiti-005760
Sources from Lore 268
Abbot, Carl. “Master of Disaster, Ignatius Donnelly.” The Public Domain Review. September 27, 2017. https://publicdomainreview.org/essay/master-of-disaster-ignatius-donnelly/
Adams, Mark. Meet Me in Atlantis: Across Three Continents in Search of the Legendary Sunken City (Dutton, 2016).
“Atlantis.” The Disney Wiki. [n.d.] https://disney.fandom.com/wiki/Atlantis_(location)
“Atlantis in popular culture.” Wikipedia. [n.d.] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantis_in_popular_culture
“Appeal in Draft Mentions New Anti-War Sect.” The Pittsburgh Press. March 23, 1942. https://www.newspapers.com/image/149772385/
Cartwright, Mark. “Atlantis”. World History Encyclopedia. 4/8/2016. https://www.worldhistory.org/atlantis/.
Cayce, Edgar Evans. Edgar Cayce on Atlantis (Paperback Library Inc., 1968).
Colavito, Jason. “Ignatius Donnelly and the Politics of Atlantis.” Jason Colavito Blog. July 27, 2017. https://www.jasoncolavito.com/blog/ignatius-donnelly-and-the-politics-of-atlantis
Coleman, William Head. Historical Sketch Book and Guide to New Orleans and Environs (Will H. Coleman, 1885).
Conan Doyle, Arthur. The Wanderings of a Spiritualist (Hodder & Stoughton, 1921).
“The Discovery of Troy.” Encyclopedia.com. https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/discovery-troy.
Donnelly, Ignatius. Atlantis: The Antediluvian World. 21st Edition. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1882. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Atlantis/PUyLFiSjoaEC?hl=en&gbpv=1&printsec=frontcover.
Donovan. “Atlantis.” Genius. November 29, 1968. https://genius.com/Donovan-atlantis-lyrics
Duntley, Madeline. “Spiritual Tourism and Frontier Esotericism at Mount Shasta, California.” International Journal for the Study of New Religions 5(2), 2014: pp. 123-150.
Fagan, Brian. “Madame Blavatsky and Theosophy.” Expedition Magazine 29, n. 2 (July, 1987). https://www.penn.museum/sites/expedition/madame-blavatsky-and-theosophy/.
“FAQ.” Lemurian Fellowship. [n.d.] https://www.lemurianfellowship.org/faq/
“The Founder of the Lemurian Fellowship – Dr. Robert D. Stelle.” The Ultimate Frontier. [n.d.] http://the-ultimate-frontier.org/history/Dr.%20Stelle.htm.
Hackforth, R. “The Story of Atlantis: Its Purpose and Its Moral.” The Classical Review 58, n. 1 (May 1944), pp. 7-9.
Hampton, Dave. “Ancient Modern: Lost Crafts of the Lemurians.” KPBS. August 4, 2010. https://www.kpbs.org/news/2010/aug/04/ancient-modern-lost-crafts-lemurians/
Harvey, Austin. “The True Story of Atlantis, the Fabled City that May Lie on the Floor of the Atlantic Ocean.” All That Is Interesting. Edited by Cara Johnson. 4/30/2024. https://allthatsinteresting.com/atlantis.
Harvey, Austin. “Was Atlantis Real? Inside the Myth of the Lost City and the Intriguing Theories about its Existence.” All That Is Interesting. Edited by Cara Johnson. 1/20/24. https://allthatsinteresting.com/is-atlantis-real.
Hillinger, Charles. “Lemurian Fellowship: Mystery Cult Claims Wisdom of Mu.” Los Angeles Times. July 31, 1977. https://latimes.newspapers.com/image/383601858/
History.com Editors. “Atlantis”. History. 10/7/2010. Updated 8/21/2018. https://www.history.com/topics/folklore/atlantis.
Horan, David, translator. Plato’s Timaeus. Platonic Foundation. 2021. https://cdn.platonicfoundation.org/2021/04/platos-timaeus-english-translation-by-david-horan.pdf.
“Ignatius Donnelly.” Atlantis FYI. https://atlantis.fyi/people/ignatius-donnelly.
Jackson, Steve. “A Mountain Of Many Legends Draws Spiritual Seekers From Around The Globe.” NPR. June 7, 2015. https://www.npr.org/2015/06/07/412098380/a-mountain-of-many-legends-draws-spiritual-seekers-from-around-the-globe
Jacobs, Frank. “”The Frenzy About the Weirdest Continent That Never Existed.” Atlas Obscura. January 19, 2024. https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/lost-continent-lemuria
King, David. Finding Atlantis: A True Story of Genius, Madness, and an Extraordinary Quest for a Lost World (Harmony Books, 2005).
Kiniry, Laura. “There’s Something About Mount Shasta.” Atlas Obscura. September 4, 2020. https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/mount-shasta-spirituality
Lanser, Edward. “A People of Mystery.” Los Angeles Times Sunday Magazine. May 22, 1932. https://www.newspapers.com/image/380412147/
Larsell, O. “Olaus, Rudbeck.” Isis 30, n. 1 (Feb., 1939), 114-119.
“Lemures.” Britannica. [n.d.] https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lemures#ref143106
Milligan, Mark. “The Eye of the Sahara.” Heritage Daily. 2/5/2023. https://www.heritagedaily.com/2023/02/the-eye-of-the-sahara/146129.
O’Connell, Tony. “Atlantis: The Antediluvian World.” Atlantipedia. June 3, 2010. https://atlantipedia.ie/samples/atlantis-the-antediluvian-world/
O’Connell, Tony. “Donnelly, Ignatius Loyola.” Atlantipedia. June 7, 2010. https://atlantipedia.ie/samples/donnelly-ignatius-loyola/
O’Connell, Tony. “Lemuria.” Atlantipedia. June 9, 2010. https://atlantipedia.ie/samples/lemuria/
O’Connell, Tony. “Olof (Olaus) Rudbeck, (1630-1702).” Atlantipedia. 3/6/2010. https://atlantipedia.ie/samples/olof-rudbeck-amended/.
“Origin of the Lemurian Philosophy.” The Ultimate Frontier. [n.d.] http://the-ultimate-frontier.org/history/Brief%20History%20of%20the%20Lemurian%20Fellowship.htm
Plato. Critias. Translated by Benjamin Jowett. http://classics.mit.edu/Plato/critias.html.
Smith, Natalie. “Swedish Visions of Atlantis–Olof Rudbeck the Elder’s Atlantica”. Universal Short Title Catalogue. https://www.ustc.ac.uk/news/swedish-visions-of-atlantis-olof-rudbeck-the-elders-atlantica.
“Things You Need to Know About Atlantis and Top 6 Theories.” Beyond Science. June 3, 2022. https://beyondsciencetv.medium.com/things-you-need-to-know-about-atlantis-and-top-6-theories-415293ad54c6
Varga, Tamas. “Could the ‘Eye of the Sahara’ be the Lost City of Atlantis?”. Earthly Mission. https://earthlymission.com/eye-of-the-sahara-richat-structure-lost-city-of-atlantis/.
“Workers.” Civilian Public Service. [n.d.] https://civilianpublicservice.org/workers?field_worker_searchname_value=&field_worker_birthyear_value=All&field_worker_denomination_value=&city=&province=All&country=us
Sources from Legends 41
Adamic, Louis. “My Friend Maxo Vanka.” My America, 1928-1938. New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1938. http://www.croatianhistory.net/etf/vanka_adamic.html.
“Anti-Clerical Riots of 1835.” Wikipedia. Last updated September 19, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-clerical_riots_of_1835.
Barcelona Connect. “Legends of Barcelona: 5 Spooky Tales.” Barcelona Connect. 10/22/2014. http://www.barcelonaconnect.com/legends-of-barcelona/.
Baring-Gould, Sabine. Yorkshire Oddities Incidents and Strange Events. London: Methuen and Co., 1900. https://archive.org/details/yorkshireodditie00baririch/page/20/mode/2up.
Beaumont, Douglas M. “What Are Ghosts?” Catholic Answers. 11/2/2023. https://www.catholic.com/magazine/online-edition/what-are-ghosts.
“Body of Nun found in Pool.” The Pittsburgh Press. 3/22/1949. p.1. https://www.newspapers.com/image/143368681/?match=1&terms=Sisters%20of%20Divine%20Providence.
“Bombed Out! World Museum and the Blitz.” liverpoolmuseums.org.uk. https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/collections/world-museum-collections/bombed-out-world-museum-and-blitz
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. “Aelfric.” Encyclopedia Britannica. 2/7/2024. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Aelfric-Anglo-Saxon-scholar.
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. “St. Bede the Venerable.” Encyclopedia Britannica. 5/21/2024. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Bede-the-Venerable.
“British Museum MS. Royal 15 A. xx.fo. 143 a.” Byland Abbey Ghost Stories Project. http://www.anselm-classics.com/byland/story_6.html.
“Byland Abbey Ghost Stories.” UK Paranormal Society. https://ukparanormalsociety.org/encyclopedia/byland-abbey-ghost-stories/#:~:text=In%20the%20early%2015th,%3A%20Royal%2015%20A%20XX)..
Carter, Michael. “How Spooky Ghost Stories of Medieval Monasteries Can Bring the Past to Life at All Souls.” The Tablet. 10/26/2020. https://www.thetablet.co.uk/blogs/1/1628/how-spooky-ghost-stories-of-medieval-monasteries-can-bring-the-past-to-life-at-all-souls.
“The Chanting Monks Haunting La Boqueria Market.” Moon Mausoleum. 8/15/2023. https://moonmausoleum.com/the-chanting-monks-haunting-la-boqueria-marked/.
Downer, Deborah. Classic American Ghost Stories. Little Rock: August House Publishers, Inc., 1990. https://archive.org/details/classicamericang00down/page/n7/mode/2up?view=theater.
“Ghost in Millvale Church Seen by Painter of Murals.” Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. 3/19/1938. pp. 1, 5. https://www.newspapers.com/image/88657894/?fcfToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJmcmVlLXZpZXctaWQiOjg4NjU3ODk0LCJpYXQiOjE3MTgwNDI3NjYsImV4cCI6MTcxODEyOTE2Nn0.PVJdwiAa8XhcqN06oE3T7R4-CYxk4JPKbtJ17H6R4l0.
“Haunted and Mysterious Places in Barcelona.” Barcelona Navigator. https://barcelonanavigator.com/haunted-places/.
Herfurth, Haley. “7 Spooky Stories From Medieval Literature to Get You In the Halloween Spirit.” The University of Alabama at Birmingham. 10/25/2023. https://www.uab.edu/reporter/know-more/academics/item/7915-7-spooky-stories-from-medieval-literature-to-get-you-in-the-halloween-spirit.
Hildebrandt, Maik. “Medieval Ghosts: The Stories of the Monk of Byland.” Ghosts - or the (Nearly) Invisible: Spectral Phenomena in Literature and the Media, edited by Maria Fleischhack and Elmar Schenkel, Peter Lang AG, 2016, pp.13-24. JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv2t4d7f.5?searchText=ghosts+in+the+early+church&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Dghosts%2Bin%2Bthe%2Bearly%2Bchurch%26so%3Drel&ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_search_gsv2%2Fcontrol&refreqid=fastly-default%3A640ae1353f47318a0995896cf7546e34&seq=10.
“History.” Holy Trinity Micklegate. https://www.holytrinityyork.org/history.
“History.” Sisters of Divine Providence. https://cdpsisters.org/who-we-are/history.
“History of LRU.” La Roche University. https://www.laroche.edu/Mission_and_Identity/History_of_LRU/#:~:text=La%20Roche%20University%20was%20founded,first%20superior%20of%20the%20Congregation..
“Holy Trinity Micklegate Church, York.” Britain Express. https://www.britainexpress.com/counties/yorkshire/churches/holy-trinity-micklegate.htm.
Ian. “Holy Trinity Church, York.” Mysterious Britain & Ireland. Updated 12/1/2018. https://www.mysteriousbritain.co.uk/hauntings/holy-trinity-church-york/.
Jackson, Eleanor. “Byland Abbey Ghost Stories: A Guide to Medieval Ghosts.” Medieval Manuscripts Blog. 20/19/2020. https://blogs.bl.uk/digitisedmanuscripts/2020/10/byland-abbey-ghost-stories.html.
Kuiper, Andres. “Tracing Ghosts in the Theological Tradition.” University of Notre Dame. 11/1/2019. https://churchlifejournal.nd.edu/articles/searching-the-theological-tradition-for-ghosts/.
“La Boqueria Market.” Mercat De La Boqueria. https://www.boqueria.barcelona/history.
“La Boqueria Market.” Patrimoni Cultural. https://patrimoni.gencat.cat/en/collection/la-boqueria-market.
“La Rambla Barcelona.” Barcelona Tickets. https://www.barcelona-tickets.com/la-rambla-barcelona/.
“Living a Life of Prayer in Service to the Church.” Discalced Carmelite Friars Washington Province of the Immaculate Heart of Mary. https://www.discalcedcarmel.org/.
Mark, Joshua J. “Ghosts in the Middle Ages.” World History Encyclopedia. Updated 6/20/2019. https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1404/ghosts-in-the-middle-ages/.
Marta. “Barcelona Haunted Houses, Places and Buildings.” Forever Barcelona. https://www.foreverbarcelona.com/haunted-barcelona-houses-places/.
“Maxo Vanka Murals Highlight Immigrant Plight, Pittsburgh History.” Save Maxo Vanka. https://vankamurals.org/maxo-vanka-murals-highlight-immigrant-plight-pittsburgh-history/.
McDonald, Thomas L. “Ghostly Visions in the Early Church.” Weird Catholic. 6/17/2018. https://weirdcatholic.com/2018/06/17/ghostly-visions-in-the-early-church/.
McDonald, Thomas L. “Ghosts in the Bible: New Testament.” Weird Catholic. 7/9/2018. https://weirdcatholic.com/2018/07/09/ghost-in-the-bible-new-testament/.
McDonald, Thomas L. “Ghosts in the Bible: The Old Testament.” Weird Catholic. 7/4/2018. https://weirdcatholic.com/2018/07/04/ghosts-in-the-bible-the-old-testament/.
McEwan, Graham J. Haunted Churches of England: Ghosts Ancient and Modern. London: Robert Hale, 1989. https://archive.org/details/hauntedchurcheso0000mcew/page/54/mode/2up.
“Meet Maxo Vanka.” Save Maxo Vanka. https://vankamurals.org/murals/meet-maxo-vanka/.
Mink, Michael. “Did St. Nick Leave You Goodies This Winter, Coal in Your Stocking, Or…A Good Ghost Story?” Spooky Things Online. 3/12/2013. https://spookythingsonline.wordpress.com/2013/03/12/did-st-nick-leave-you-goodies-this-winter-coal-in-your-stocking-or-a-good-ghost-story/.
Moran, Mark and Sceurman, Mark. Weird U.S. New York: Sterling Publishing Co., Inc, 2005. https://archive.org/details/weirdus00mark/page/n7/mode/2up.
Moulton, Gavin. “Maxo Vanka’s Radical Gaze.” BELT Magazine. 9/13/2023. https://beltmag.com/maxo-vankas-radical-gaze/.
Namee, Matthew. “The Ghost Story of the Bulgarian Monk.” Orthodox History. 2/11/2010. https://orthodoxhistory.org/2010/02/11/the-ghost-story-of-the-bulgarian-monk/.
Names, Matthew. “New Details on the Mysterious “Bulgarian Monk.”” Orthodox History. 6/7/2012. https://orthodoxhistory.org/2012/06/07/new-details-on-the-mysterious-bulgarian-monk/.
Norman, Michael and Scott, Beth. Historic Haunted America. New York: A Tom Doherty Associates Book. E-book.
“Nun Drowned in Small Pond.” Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. 3/23/1949, p.17. https://www.newspapers.com/image/89743309/?match=1&terms=Sisters%20of%20Divine%20Providence.
Ogunkoya, Niyi. “The Testimony of Maxo Vanka at St. Nicholas.” Medium. 11/17/2023. https://medium.com/@niyiogunkoya75/the-testimony-of-maxo-vanka-at-st-nicholas-5d76df4a6364.
“The Painter and the Ghost—Maxo Vanka, the St Nicholas Murals, and the Millvlae Apparition.” The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy: Earth Edition. Updated 6/15/2023. https://h2g2.com/edited_entry/A88031379#google_vignette.
Reichle, Sarah. “Tales From the La Roche Crypt.” The La Roche Courier. Vol. 20, Issue 2. 11/2/2015. pp. 2, 9. https://library.laroche.edu/sites/default/files/Vol.%2020,%20Issue%202%20November%202,%202015.pdf.
“St. Nicholas Croatian Church.” Great American Ghost Tour. http://www.greatamericanghosttour.co.uk/Pages/Pennsylvania/Millvale.html.
“Saint Nicholas, Millvalle.” Catholic Diocese of Pittsburgh. https://diopitt.org/saint-nicholas-millvale.
St. Perpetua. “The Passion of Saints Perpetua and Felicity.” Medieval Sourcebook. https://sourcebooks.web.fordham.edu/source/perpetua.asp.
“Saints Perpetua and Felicitas, Martyrs.” Sacredspace. https://livingspace.sacredspace.ie/f0307s/.
Schmitt, Jean-Claude. Ghosts in the Middle Ages: The Living and the Dead in Medieval Society. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1998. https://books.google.bs/books?id=A6SzlCAARqcC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_atb#v=onepage&q&f=false.
Sedgwick, Icy. “Capital.” Icy Sedgwick. 5/20/2023. https://www.icysedgwick.com/barcelona-ghost-stories/.
Straw, Carole and Sivaramamurti, Calambur. “St. Gregory the Great.” Encyclopedia Britannica. 6/4/2024. https://www.britannica.com/biography/St-Gregory-the-Great/Writings-and-influence.
Talbot, Ethelbert. My People of the Plains. New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1906. https://archive.org/details/mypeopleofplains0000talb_k7p3/page/n7/mode/2up.
“‘That Time Was a Blessed and Happy One…’” A Clerk of Oxford. 7/15/2017. https://aclerkofoxford.blogspot.com/2017/07/that-time-was-blessed-and-happy-one.html.
Thompson, R.E.S. “Scribe Disappointed (?) In Search For Ghost.” Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. 3/21/1938. pp.1, 3. https://www.newspapers.com/image/88657918/?match=1&terms=Maxo%20Vanka.
White, Thomas. “Catholic Ghost Stories of Western Pennsylvania.” https://dsc.duq.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1158&context=gf.
“Yorkshire Ghosts, Folklore and Forteana.” The Paranormal Database. https://www.paranormaldatabase.com/yorkshire/Pages/yorkdata.php?pageNum_paradata=30&totalRows_paradata=776.
Sources from Lore 267
Adkin, Clare, Jr. Brother Benjamin: A History of the Israelite House of David. Barrien Springs: Andrews University Press, 1990. https://archive.org/details/brotherbenjaminh0000adki/page/n7/mode/2up.
Avila, Michael. “Are the Chicago Cubs Really Cursed?” Live Science. 9/2/2010. https://www.livescience.com/32802-are-the-chicago-cubs-really-cursed.html.
“The Billy Goat Curse”. Billy Goat Tavern & Grill. https://www.billygoattavern.com/legend/curse/.
“Billy Sunday: Salty Evangelist.” Christianity Today. https://www.christianitytoday.com/history/people/evangelistsandapologists/billy-sunday.html.
Bradley, Mickey, and Dan Gordon. Haunted Baseball: Ghosts, Curses, Legends, and Eerie Events. Guilford: The Lyons Press, 2007.
Carrol, Brian D. “Whiskerinos at the Plate: The House of David’s Baseball Teams.” Michigan History (May/June 2023).
“The Deadball Era: Baseball’s Early Strategies”. Historic Baseball. https://historicbaseball.com/the-deadball-era-baseballs-early-strategies/.
“Edward Mujica #49”. MLB. https://www.mlb.com/player/edward-mujica-465629.
Fallon, Cory. “Mark Fidrych: The Story of the Bird”. Baseball Essential. 11/28/2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20220301172512/https://www.baseballessential.com/news/2016/11/28/mark-fidrych-story-bird/.
Ferguson, Harry. “Bettina and Magician Put Evil Eye (Gloves) on Fox.” The News-Herald. 2/4/1939. Page 8.
Ferguson, Ryan. “The Religious Sect That Became Baseball’s Answer to the Harlem Globetrotters.” The Guardian. 9/21/2016. https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2016/sep/21/house-of-david-baseball-religious-sect.
Gmelch, George. “Baseball Magic.” Revised 2/19/2017. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322632094_Baseball_Magic_revised_2017.
Griffioen, Amber L. “‘Don’t Step on the Foul Line’: Baseball and the (Ir-)rationality of Superstition in Sports.” Logique & Analyse 223 (2013), 319-332.
Hatch, Richard. “Jimmy Grippo, A Real Mystery Man”. Conjuring Arts. https://conjuringarts.org/exhibitions/jimmy-grippo-a-real-mystery-man-by-richard-hatch/.
Hider, Anna. “The House of David Baseball Team.” Mashable. https://mashable.com/feature/house-of-david-baseball-team.
“House of David Baseball Team Research Project.” House of David Baseball. http://www.houseofdavidbaseball.com/history.asp.
“Jason Giambi #16”. MLB. https://www.mlb.com/player/jason-giambi-114739.
“Julio Gotay #19”. MLB. https://www.mlb.com/player/julio-gotay-114991.
Knickerbocker, Wendy. “Billy Sunday.” Society for American Baseball Research. https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/billy-sunday/.
Kurkjian, Tim. “It’s Friday the 13th. Be Afraid Amused”. ESPN. 9/13/2013. https://www.espn.com/mlb/story/_/id/9664251/trifle-superstitions-which-mlb-players-believe.
Langer, Adam. “The Last Days of the House of David.” Chicago Reader. 6/30/1994. https://chicagoreader.com/news-politics/the-last-days-of-the-house-of-david/.
“Mark Fidrych #20”. MLB. https://www.mlb.com/player/mark-fidrych-114102.
Martin, Robert F. Hero of the Heartland: Billy Sunday and the Transformation of American Society, 1862-1935. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2002. Accessed https://archive.org/details/heroofheartlandb0000mart/page/n9/mode/1up?view=theater.
“Moises Alou #18”. MLB. https://www.mlb.com/player/moises-alou-110189.
Murphy, Ryan. “10 Most Superstitious Athletes.” Men’s Journal. 4/23/2018. https://www.mensjournal.com/sports/10-most-superstitious-athletes.
Ortiz, Eric. “Weirdest Baseball Superstitions.” Stadium Talk. 5/31/2019. https://www.stadiumtalk.com/s/baseball-superstitions-d9c0c745732c4d9f.
“Remembering John ‘Tiger Jack’ Fox, the Heavyweight Boxer.” How Africa. 10/25/2022. https://howafrica.com/remembering-john-tiger-jack-fox-the-heavyweight-boxer/.
“'Sailor Jack' On The Cracker Jack Box Was A Real Boy From Chicago.” DNAINFO.com. November 1, 2016. https://www.dnainfo.com/chicago/20161101/west-ridge/take-me-out-to-the-ball-game-cracker-jack-boy-real-story-chicago/
Schaefer, Robert H. “Cap’s Bats: The Baseball Bats of Captain Adrian C. Anson”. Society for American Baseball Research. https://sabr.org/journal/article/caps-bats-the-baseball-bats-of-captain-adrian-c-anson/.
Skirboll, Aaron. “When a Magician’s Curse Swung Boxing’s Biggest Bout”. Narratively. 11/29/2017. https://www.narratively.com/p/magicians-curse-swung-boxings-biggest-bout.
Smiley, Brett. “Michael J. Fox on ‘Back to the Future’ Cubs Prediction: ‘Only Off By a Year, Not Bad.” Fox Sports. 11/15/2016. https://www.foxsports.com/stories/mlb/michael-j-fox-on-back-to-the-future-cubs-prediction-only-off-by-a-year-not-bad.
Thompson, Joseph L. “The White Stockings’ Fleet-Footed Preacher: Billy Sunday vs. the Alcohol Machine.” Society for American Baseball Research. https://sabr.org/journal/article/the-white-stockings-fleet-footed-preacher-billy-sunday-vs-the-alcohol-machine/.
“Tiger Fox is Stabbed; In Serious Condition”. Sioux City Journal. 12/9/1938. Page 22.
“Tiger Jack Fox Stabbed, Bettina Bout Not Likely.” The Kingston Daily Freeman. 12/10/1938. Page 11.
Sources from Legends 40
Abrams, Lesley. “Early Religious Practice in the Greenland Settlement.” Journal of the North Atlantic, 2009, pp.52-65. JSTOR, https://www.jstor.org/stable/26686937?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.
Arctic Alien. “Qivittoq.” Greenland From the Outside In. 6/6/2018. https://arcticalien.net/qivittoq/.
Auger, Emily E. “Les Peuples de L’Arctique et Le Bois / Arctic Peoples and Wood.” Études/Inuit/Studies, vol. 36, no. 1, 2012, pp.213-214. JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/42870475?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.
Berthelsen, Laali. “Legends, Myths and Storytelling in Greenland.” Guide to Greenland. 6/17/2020. https://guidetogreenland.com/travel-blogs/laali-berthelsen/legends-myths-and-storytelling-in-greenland/?affiliate=120.
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. “Knud Rasmussen.” Encyclopedia Britannica. 4/3/2024. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Knud-Rasmussen.
“Christianization of Sweden and Greenland.” Berloga Workshop. 6/2/2020. https://berloga-workshop.com/blog/430-christianization-of-sweden-and-greenland.html.
Christopher, Neil, McDermott, Noel, and Flaherty, Louise. Unikkaaqtuat: An Introduction to Traditional Inuit Myths and Legends. Toronto: Inhabit Media Inc., 2011. https://archive.org/details/unikkaaqtuatintr0000unse/page/n3/mode/2up.
“Climate of Greenland.” Wikipedia. Last updated on August 15, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Greenland
Daw, Sonya. “Sculpins.” National Park Service. February 2021. https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/sculpins.htm.
Dorph, Arnatsiaq. “Greenland Superstitions.” Tasermiut Camp. https://tasermiutcamp.gl/greenland-superstitions/#:~:text=Ghosts%2C%20reincarnations%2C%20monsters%20under%20the,things%20that%20Greenlanders%20believe%20in..
Ehrlich, Gretel. This Cold Heaven: Seven Seasons in Greenland. London: Fourth Estate, 2002. https://archive.org/details/thiscoldheavense00ehrl/page/n7/mode/2up.
"Fata Morgana Land.” Wikipedia. Last updated on February 5, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fata_Morgana_Land
Fox, Aaron. “Ten Ghost Stories Above the Arctic Circle.” Listverse. 1/7/2023. https://listverse.com/2023/01/07/ten-ghost-stories-above-the-arctic-circle/.
“The Greenlandic Tupilak.” Visit Greenland. https://visitgreenland.com/about-greenland/greenlandic-tupilak/.
“Greenland: Migration, Exploration, Colonization and Christianity.” The Truth Source. https://thetruthsource.org/greenland-migration-exploration-colonialization-and-christianity/.
“Greenland 1721-2021.” Greenland National Museum & Archives. 2021. https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/95c84ad51e5f404791df2cea92e970a7#.
Grønnow, Bjarne. “Blessings and Horrors of the Interior: Ethno-Historical Studies of Inuit Perceptions Concerning the Inland Region of West Greenland.” Arctic Anthropology. vol, 46, no. ½, 2009, pp.191-201. JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40645473?read-now=1#page_scan_tab_contents.
Hallendy, Norman. “Inuksuk (Inukshuk).” The Canadian Encyclopedia. Updated 12/8/2020. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/inuksuk-inukshuk.
Hansen, Stine Lundberg. “Tupilak—The Language of the Tongue.” Nuuk Kunstmuseum. Nuuk Art Museum. 2016. https://www.nuukkunstmuseum.com/en/behind-the-art/tupilak-the-language-of-the-tongue/.
“History of Greenland.” Wikipedia. Last updated on August 14, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Greenland
“The Ijiraat.” Tia and Piujuq Making This Film. https://tiaandpiujuq.com/ijiraat/.
“Ijiraq.” Myth and Folklore Wiki. https://mythus.fandom.com/wiki/Ijiraq.
“Ijiraq.” Mythical Creatures Catalogue. https://www.mythicalcreaturescatalogue.com/post/2017/12/06/ijiraq.
“Ijiraq.” Nathanandersonart. 9/13/2017. https://nathanandersonart.tumblr.com/post/165304990939/name-ijiraq-area-of-origin-inuit-cultures.
“Ijiraq.” They-Hide-In-The-Dark. 9/24/2014. https://they-hide-in-the-dark.tumblr.com/post/98306833995/ijiraq-a-shapeshifter-from-inuit-mythology.
Kleist Pedersen, Birgit. “A Narrative on Narratives in Contemporary Greenland.” In Collignon B. & Therrien M. (eds). 2009. Orality in the 21st Century”: Inuit Discourse and Practices. Proceedings of the 15th Inuit Studies Conference. Paris: INALCO. http://www.inuitoralityconference.com/art/Kleist02.pdf.
Kreutzmann, Maria. Bestiarium Greenlandica: A Compendium of the Mythical Creatures, Spirits, and Strange Beings of Greenland. Toronto: Eye of Newt Books, 2021.
Kreutzmann, Maria and Engell, Ujammiugaq. “5 Mythical Creatures From Greenland: Mother of the Sea, Tupilak, Qivittoq and More.” Visit Greenland. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qc7Cy9NxHmg.
Kristjánsdóttir, Ajaana Olsvig. “Greenlandic Myths and Legends.” Greenland.is. 8/13/2020. https://www.greenland.is/blog/greenlandic-myths-and-legends/.
Laugrand, Frédéric, and Francis Lévesque. “Spotlight on Arctic Animals: Introduction to the Inuit Bestiary.” Études/Inuit/Studies, vol. 41, no. 1/2, 2017, pp.17-28. JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/45116483?read-now=1#page_scan_tab_contents
“Ludvig Mylius-Erichsen.” Wikipedia. Last updated July 22, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludvig_Mylius-Erichsen
Maldonado, Gabriela Zendejas. “Tupilak—A Souvenir That Protects You.” Guide to Greenland. 6/16/2020. https://guidetogreenland.com/travel-blogs/gabriela-zendejas-maldonado/tupilak-a-souvenir-that-protects-you/.
Plumbley, J.M. “You’re As Cold As Ice: The Ijirait.” JMPlumbley. 1/12/2017. https://www.jmplumbley.com/2017/01/12/youre-as-cold-as-ice-the-ijirait/.
Rasmussen, Knud. Eskimo Folk-Tales. London: Gyldendal, 1921. https://archive.org/details/eskimofolktale00rasm/page/n7/mode/2up.
Romalis, Sheila. “The East Greenland Tupilaq Image: Old and New Visions.” Études/Inuit/Studies, vol. 7, no. 1, 1983, pp. 152-159. JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/42869372?read-now=1&seq=7#page_scan_tab_contents.
Schultz, Martin. “Tupilait.” Polar Journal. 11/2/2021. https://polarjournal.ch/en/2021/11/02/tupilait/.
“Search in Greenlandic Myths & Stories.” Greenlandic Myths and Stories. Compiled by Birgitte Sonne. Danish Arctic Institute. https://arktiskinstitut.dk/en/knowledge-database/greenlandic-myths-and-stories/search-in-greenlandic-myths-stories.
Sonne, Birgitte. “Who’s Afraid of Kaassassuk? Writing as a Tool in Coping with Changing Cosmology.” Études Inuit Studies. Vol. 34, No. 2, 2010, pp.107-127. https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/etudinuit/2010-v34-n2-etudinuit5000473/1004072ar/.
“The Story Behind the Greenlandic Tupilak.” Polar Quest. 2/23/2023. https://www.polar-quest.com/blog/greenland/the-story-behind-the-greenlandic-tupilak.
“Terrifying Greenland.” Bitter Grounds Magazine. 10/24/2021. https://bittergrounds.com/im-here-for-the-booos/.
“Thule Culture.” Museum of the North. University of Alaska. https://www.uaf.edu/museum/collections/archaeo/online-exhibits/paleo-eskimo-cultures/thule/.
“Tupilak.” Cryptid Wiki. https://cryptidz.fandom.com/wiki/Tupliak.
“Tupilak.” Lowe Art Museum. University of Miami. https://emuseum.as.miami.edu/objects/6821/tupilak.
Tulugarjuk, Lucy. “The Ijiraat, as Told by Tia and Piujuq’s Director, Lucy Tulugarjuk.” TiaAndPiujuq.com. https://vimeo.com/259474623.
Vebæk, Mâliâraq. The Southernmost People of Greenland—Dialects and Memories. Meddelelser om Grønland Man & Society, 33. Copenhagen, The Commission for Scientific Research in Greenland, 2006.
Vermillion, Stephanie. “The Best Campfire Stories From Around the World.” Outside. Updated 8/15/2023. https://www.outsideonline.com/culture/global-campfire-stories/.
Whitelaw, Mat. “What is an Inukshuk?” Arctic Kingdom. 9/4/2020. https://resources.arctickingdom.com/what-is-an-inukshuk.