Sources from Lore 237

  1. Bolick, Julian Stevenson. The Return Of The Gray Man And Georgetown Ghosts (Jacobs Press, 1961).

  2. Broadwater, Mary Jane Rush. David Rush And His Descendants And Stories Of The Community (Self-published, 1953). https://www.seekingmyroots.com/members/files/G005593.pdf

  3. Burnett, S.C. “The Edgefield Ghost Fifty Years Ago.” Edgefield Advertiser. March 2, 1921. https://www.newspapers.com/image/76754547

  4. Carmichael, Sherman. Legends and Lore of South Carolina (Arcadia Publishing, 2012). 

  5. Carmichael, Sherman. Unexplained South Carolina (Arcadia Publishing, 2022). 

  6. “Cock Lane Ghost.” Encyclopedia.com. Accessed March 21, 2023. https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/cock-lane-ghost

  7. Cox, Dale. “The Edgefield Ghost.” ExploreSouthernHistory.Com. October 23, 2017. https://www.exploresouthernhistory.com/edgefieldghost.html

  8. “The Edgefield Ghost.” The Evening Post. July 25, 1929. https://www.newspapers.com/image/40900677

  9. “The Edgefield Ghost.” Boston Masonic Mirror. August 8, 1929. https://archive.org/details/sim_boston-masonic-mirror_1829-08-08_ns-1_6

  10.  “Ghosts.” Greenfield Gazette & Franklin Herald. August 4, 1929. https://www.newspapers.com/image/835441512

  11. “‘Haunted House’ Of Isaac Burnett Recalled In Old Newspaper Story.” The Index-Journal. March 15, 1936. https://www.newspapers.com/image/69513117

  12. “Isaac Nuel Burnett.” Find a Grave. Accessed March 21, 2023. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/142674875/isaac-nuel-burnett

  13. Marie. “The Edgefield Ghost.” The Atlanta Constitution. March 30, 1902. https://archive.org/details/per_atlanta-constitution_1902-03-30_34

  14. “Pawleys Island History.” OnlyPawleys.com. Accessed March 22, 2023. https://www.onlypawleys.com/about/history

  15. Peterkin, Genevieve C. Heaven is a Beautiful Place: A Memoir of the South Carolina Coast (University of South Carolina Press, 2015).

  16. Renaud, Tim. “Haunted History: The Gray Man of Pawleys Island.” News 2. October 14, 2021. https://www.counton2.com/haunted-history/haunted-history-the-gray-man-of-pawleys-island

Sources from Legends 10

  1. “A Haunting Story…The Legend Of Violin Annie.” Steve Huff Photo. February 2, 2010. https://www.stevehuffphoto.com/2010/02/02/a-haunting-story-the-legend-of-violin-annie

  2. “Elmwood Cemetery and Violin Annie.” M.A. Kleen. October 16, 2018. https://michaelkleen.com/2018/10/16/elmwood-cemetery-and-violin-annie

  3. “H. Annie Marshall.” Find a Grave. Accessed November 7, 2022. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/8048539/h_-annie-marshall

  4. “Strange Tales of Haunted Violins.” Mysterious Universe. July 18, 2019. https://mysteriousuniverse.org/2019/07/strange-tales-of-haunted-violins

  5. “Violin Annie - Elmwood Cemetery - Real Haunted Place.” Haunted Illinois Houses. https://www.illinoishauntedhouses.com/real-haunt/violin-annie--elmwood-cemetery.html#:~:text=Local%20stories%20say%20that%20Harriet,the%20violin%20at%20her%20grave

  6. “BILLIE HOLIDAY AND THE "GLOOMY SUNDAY" CURSE.” American Hauntings. Accessed November 12, 2022. https://www.americanhauntingsink.com/gloomysunday

  7. “Gloomy Sunday Suicides.” Snopes. January 11, 2010. https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/gloomy-sunday

  8. “This Song's a Killer: The Strange Tale of "Gloomy Sunday." Mental Floss. August 16, 2011. https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/28525/songs-killer-strange-tale-gloomy-sunday

  9. “Ben Franklin’s Killer Instrument: the Glass Armonica.” Ripley’s. August 12, 2021. https://www.ripleys.com/weird-news/ben-franklins-killer-instrument-the-glass-armonica

  10. “Benjamin Franklin and the Glass Armonica.” Benjamin Franklin House. Accessed November 15, 2022. https://benjaminfranklinhouse.org/benjamin-franklin-and-the-glass-armonica

  11. “Benjamin Franklin’s Cursed Glass Harmonica.” Mysterious Universe. March 22, 2018. https://mysteriousuniverse.org/2018/03/benjamin-franklins-cursed-glass-harmonica

  12. “Benjamin Franklin’s Glass Armonica.” The Franklin Institute. Accessed November 15, 2022. https://www.fi.edu/history-resources/franklins-glass-armonica

  13. “Rise and Fall of Benjamin Franklin’s Glass Armonica.” New York Almanack. September 7, 2021. https://www.newyorkalmanack.com/2021/09/rise-and-fall-of-benjamin-franklins-glass-armonica

  14. “Missing artifacts from the Egyptian Museum retrieved.” Ahram Online. April 12, 2011. https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentPrint/9/0/9871/Heritage/0/Missing-artifacts-from-the-Egyptian-Museum-retriev.aspx

  15. Montagu, Jeremy. “One of Tut'ankhamūn's Trumpets.” The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology. Vol. 64 (1978), pp. 133-134.

  16. “Recreating the sound of Tutankhamun's trumpets.” BBC. April 18, 2011. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-13092827

  17. “The Curse of Tut’s Trumpets.” Museum of World Treasures. December 4, 2021. https://worldtreasures.org/blog/the-curse-of-tuts-trumpets

  18. “Tutankhamun’s ‘cursed’ trumpet that stirs ‘deadly conflict’ has arrived in London.” Classic FM. November 6, 2019. https://www.classicfm.com/discover-music/king-tutankhamun-trumpet-oldest-in-existence

  19. " Marianne Kirchgessner (June 5, 1769 — December 9, 1808) | World Biographical Encyclopedia," prabook.com, Date Unknown, https://prabook.com/web/marianne.kirchgessner/2266216

  20. "Music, By Victor Hugo - 1135 Words | Bartleby," www.bartleby.com, Date Unknown, https://www.bartleby.com/essay/Music-By-Victor-Hugo-FKT7F3MYAEFP

Sources from Lore 236

  1. “A Brief History of US Drinking. JSTOR Daily. August 12, 2016. https://daily.jstor.org/a-brief-history-of-drinking-alcohol/

  2. “​​Acan and balche; alcohol in the ancient Mayan civilization.” Lords of the Drink. October 6, 2017. https://lordsofthedrinks.org/2017/10/06/acan-and-balche-alcohol-in-the-ancient-mayan-civilization/

  3. “Bacchus.” Mythopedia. December 9, 2022. https://mythopedia.com/topics/bacchus

  4. “Beer, Wine and Drinking Gods: the Foundation of Ancient Egypt.” Lords of the Drink. December 30th, 2017. https://lordsofthedrinks.org/2017/12/30/beer-wine-and-drinking-gods-the-foundation-of-ancient-egypt/

  5. “Despite its Ritual Importance, “Toasting” Came from a Piece of Toast.” Ancient Origins. October 2, 2022. https://www.ancient-origins.net/weird-facts/toasting-0017348

  6. Pickering, David. Cassell Dictionary of Superstitions. (Cassell, 1995). Pp 88 & 288.

  7. “The Highlander and the Devil, a Scottish Folk Tale About Whisky.” Lords of the Drink. February 5, 2018. https://lordsofthedrinks.org/2018/02/05/the-highlander-and-the-devil-a-scottish-folk-tale-about-whisky/

  8. “The Pulque Vendor and the Devil, a Mexican Folk Tale.” Lords of the Drink. June 16, 2018. https://lordsofthedrinks.org/2018/06/16/the-pulque-vendor-and-the-devil-a-mexican-folk-tale/

  9. “Why You Should Never Make A Toast With Water In Your Glass.” Huffpost. December 6, 2017. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/why-you-should-never-make_b_9694002

  10. “Absinthe: How the Green Fairy became literature’s drink.” BBC. January 8, 2014. https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20140109-absinthe-a-literary-muse

  11. “Bitter Botanicals: What is Wormwood & Where Do We Find It?” The Alcohol Professor. March 25, 2022. https://www.alcoholprofessor.com/blog-posts/bitter-botanicals-wormwood

  12. Conrad III, Barnaby. Absinthe: History in a Bottle (Chronicle Books, 1988), Pp 1-4, https://archive.org/details/absinthehistoryi00conr/page/n5/mode/2up

  13. “Green Gold.” The New Yorker. March 13, 2006. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/03/13/green-gold

  14. Nethercott, GennaRose. “Absinthe: A Historical Controversy.” Hampshire College. January, 2010. 

  15. “The Devil in a Little Green Bottle: A History of Absinthe.” Science History Institute. October 4, 2010. https://www.sciencehistory.org/distillations/the-devil-in-a-little-green-bottle-a-history-of-absinthe

  16. “The history of absinthe.” Absinthe Fever. 2006. http://www.absinthefever.com/absinthe/history

  17. “The Many Famous Artists Who Have Been Inspired By Absinthe.” Absinthia. May 11, 2022. https://absinthia.com/blogs/absinthias-blog/the-many-famous-artists-who-have-been-inspired-by-absinthe

  18. “A Spirited Debate: How Did Some Alcohols Come to Be Known as Spirits?” Scientific American. October 16, 2019. https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/food-matters/a-spirited-debate-how-did-some-alcohols-come-to-be-known-as-spirits/

  19. “The history of Halloween and spirits (alcohol and ghosts).” WGNO. October 27, 2016. https://wgno.com/news/the-history-of-halloween-and-spirits-alcohol-and-ghosts/

  20. “Why Are Some Liquors Called 'Spirits'?” Mental Floss. November 5, 2021. https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/652123/why-liquor-called-spirits

  21. “Why Is Liquor Called ‘Spirits’?” Vine Pair. March 7, 2017. https://vinepair.com/articles/why-liquor-called-spirits/

Sources from Legends 9

  1. “After the Colored People.” Shepherdstown Register. February 4, 1909. https://www.newspapers.com/image/466194882

  2. “All Ready For The Fair.” The New North. September 3, 1896. https://www.newspapers.com/image/8598929

  3. Apps, Jerry. When the White Pine Was King A History of Lumberjacks, Log Drives, and Sawdust Cities in Wisconsin (Wisconsin Historical Society Press, 2020). 

  4. Blank, Trevor J. & David J. Puglia. Maryland Legends: Folklore From The Old Line State (Arcadia Publishing, 2014).

  5. Bos, Brittney Ann. “Toronto’s Haunted Secret Tunnels.” Haunted Walk. Accessed October 17, 2022. https://hauntedwalk.com/news/torontos-secret-tunnels

  6. “Bovapolus Snallygaster Swoops Down On Village.” The Evening Sun. November 25, 1932. https://www.newspapers.com/image/369630737

  7. Boyton, Patrick. Snallygaster: The Lost Legend of Frederick County (Lulu.com, 2011) 

  8. Bright, Emily. “The Legend of the Hodag.” Wisconsin Life. April 1, 2016. https://wisconsinlife.org/story/the-legend-of-the-hodag

  9. Brown, Charles E. Paul Bunyan Natural History: Describing the Wild Animals, Birds, Reptiles and Fish of the Big Woods about Paul Bunyan’s Old Time Logging Camps (C.E. Brown, 1935).

  10. “Capture of a Hodag.” The New North. October 28, 1893. https://www.newspapers.com/image/8683345

  11. Careless, James Maurice Stockford. “Toronto.” The Canadian Encyclopedia. March 11, 2022. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/toronto

  12. Chainey, Dee Dee, & Willow Winsham. Treasury of Folklore: Woodlands and Forests: Wild Gods, World Trees and Werewolves (Batsford, 2021). 

  13. Cox, William T. & Coert Du Bois. Fearsome Creatures of the Lumberwoods: With a Few Desert and Mountain Beasts (Judd & Detweiler, 1910). 

  14. Dimri, Bipin. “The Leshy: Slavic Monster that Inspired a TV Franchise.” Historic Mysteries. October 17, 2022. https://www.historicmysteries.com/leshy

  15. Dixon-Kennedy, Mike. Encyclopedia of Russian & Slavic Myth and Legend (ABC-CLIO, 1998).

  16. Edmonds, Michael. Out of the Northwoods: The Many Lives of Paul Bunyan, With More Than 100 Logging Camp Tales (Wisconsin Historical Society Press, 2010).

  17. Fair, Susan. “Mountain Monster: The Snallygaster.” Blue Ridge Country. January 1, 2012. https://blueridgecountry.com/archive/favorites/snallygaster-monster

  18. Fair, Susan. Mysteries and Lore of Western Maryland: Snallygasters, Dogmen and other Mountain Tales (Arcadia Publishing, 2013).

  19. Goldstein, Lorrie. “Tunnel monster of Cabbagetown?” Toronto Sun. March 25, 1979. https://torontoist.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/20130204tunnelmonster.jpg

  20. Gonzalez, Inigo. “A ‘Living Nightmare’ Lurks In Toronto’s Underground Waterways... Waiting.” Ranker. January 11, 2018. https://www.ranker.com/list/cabbagetown-tunnel-monster-myth/inigo-gonzalez

Sources from Lore 235

  1. “Was Irish witch Darkey Kelly really Ireland’s first serial killer?,” Irish Central, December 29, 2019, https://www.irishcentral.com/news/irish-witch-darkey-kelly-irelands-serial-killer

  2. “‘Darkey Kelly’, Brothel Keeper of Dublin,” Georgian Era, February 15, 2018,  https://georgianera.wordpress.com/2018/02/15/darkey-kelly-brothel-keeper-of-dublin/

  3. “DARKEY KELLY: WITCH, SERIAL KILLER, OR WRONGED WOMAN?,” SYFY, NOVEMBER 16, 2020,   https://www.syfy.com/syfy-wire/darkey-kelly-witch-serial-killer-or-wronged-woman

  4. “Truth about Darkey kelly, burned as a 'witch' 250 years ago ... but who was really a serial killer,” Independent Ireland, January 8, 2011,   https://www.independent.ie/regionals/herald/news/truth-about-darkey-kelly-burned-as-a-witch-250-years-ago-but-who-was-really-a-serial-killer-27970534.html

  5. “Prostitution in Ireland,” History Today, July 7, 2016, https://www.historytoday.com/archive/feature/prostitution-ireland

  6. “The Hellfire Club,” Abarta Heritaige,  https://www.abartaheritage.ie/hellfire-club-archaeological-project/hellfire-club-history/hellfire-club/

  7. “Why Europe’s wars of religion put 40,000 ‘witches’ to a terrible death,” The Guardian, January 6, 2018,  https://www.theguardian.com/society/2018/jan/07/witchcraft-economics-reformation-catholic-protestant-market-share

  8. “How Medieval Churches Used Witch Hunts to Gain More Followers,” History.com, September 1, 2018,  https://www.history.com/news/how-medieval-churches-used-witch-hunts-to-gain-more-followers

  9. “Irish Witch Trials,” Supernatural Ireland, https://sites.google.com/site/supernaturaleire/irish-witch-trials

  10. “Ireland's last witch trial, over 300 years ago, condemned eight innocent women,” Irish Central, October 2, 2020, https://www.irishcentral.com/roots/history/irish-witch-trials-eight-women

  11. “Witchipedia: Ireland’s most famous witches,” The Irish Times, October 28, 2017,  https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/people/witchipedia-ireland-s-most-famous-witches-1.3262008

  12. Murray, Alexander. “Medieval Origins of the Witch Hunt.” The Cambridge Quarterly, vol. 7, no. 1, 1976, pp. 63–74.

  13. Riddell, William Renwick. “The First Execution for Witchcraft in Ireland.” Journal of the American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology, vol. 7, no. 6, 1917, pp. 828–37. 

  14. Williams, Bernadette. “The Sorcery Trial of Alice Kyteler.” History Ireland, vol. 2, no. 4, 1994, pp. 20–24. 

  15. Sneddon, Andrew. “Witchcraft Belief and Trials in Early Modern Ireland.” Irish Economic and Social History, vol. 39, 2012, pp. 1–25.

  16. Neary, Anne. “The Origins and Character of the Kilkenny Witchcraft Case of 1324.” Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. Section C: Archaeology, Celtic Studies, History, Linguistics, Literature, vol. 83C, 1983, pp. 333–50. 

  17. “Alice Kyteler: The Kilkenny ‘Witch’ Who Ran While her Servant Burned,” Ancient Origins, November 6, 2018, https://www.ancient-origins.net/history-important-events/alice-kyteler-0010954

  18. “Dame Alice Kyteler,” Historic Kilkenny, https://www.historickilkenny.com/alice-kyteler

  19. “The Sorcery Trial of Alice kyteler by Bernadette Williams,” History Ireland, Winter 1994, https://www.historyireland.com/the-sorcery-trial-of-alice-kyteler-by-bernadette-williams

  20. “Witch Trials and Witchcraft in Ireland: Alice Kyteler,” Irish Folklore, October 30, 2019, https://irishfolklore.wordpress.com/2019/10/30/witch-trials-and-witchcraft-in-ireland-alice-kyteler

  21. Seymour St John D. Irish Witchcraft and Demonology. Floating Press 2014.

  22. “Irish women on trial for witchcraft,” Irish Central, May 2, 2020, https://www.irishcentral.com/roots/history/irish-women-trial-witchcraft

  23. Swartz, Dorothy Dilts. “The Legal Status of Women in Early and Medieval Ireland and Wales in Comparison with Western European and Mediterranean Societies: Environmental and Social Correlations.” Proceedings of the Harvard Celtic Colloquium, vol. 13, 1993, pp. 107–18. 

  24. Clar, Charlotte. 2022. “How Gaelic Irish Women Exercised Agency in Early Modern Ireland, 1400-1700”. the Ascendant Historian 2 (June), 23-31.

  25. “Ledrede (Leatherhead), Richard,” Dictionary of Irish Biography, https://www.dib.ie/biography/ledrede-leatherhead-richard-a4750

Sources from Legends 8

  1. Beal, Clifford. Quelch’s Gold: Piracy, Greed, and Betrayal in Colonial England (Praeger Publishers, 2007).

  2. Bourgault, Bethany. “The Legend of Ocean Born Mary | Could Truth be Stranger than Fiction?” New England Today. January 19, 2022. https://newengland.com/today/travel/new-hampshire/the-legend-of-ocean-born-mary/ 

  3. Bradlee, Francis Boardman Crowninshield. Piracy in the West Indies and Its Suppression (Essex Institute, 1923). 

  4. Brooks, Rebecca Beatrice. “Dungeon Rock in Lynn, Massachusetts.” History of Massachusetts Blog. June 7, 2021. https://historyofmassachusetts.org/dungeon-rock-lynn-ma/ 

  5. “Captain John Quelch.” Brethren of the Coast. Accessed October 4, 2022. http://brethrencoast.com/pirate/John_Quelch.html 

  6. Carr, Nick. “Pirate Treasure at Dungeon Rock.” Scouting New York. November 30, 2010. https://www.scoutingny.com/pirate-treasure-at-dungeon-rock/ 

  7. D’Entremont, Jeremy. Ocean-Born Mary: The Truth Behind a New Hampshire Legend (The History Press, 2011).

  8. Donald, Emma. “John Quelch: the Pirate Captain Killed by His Fortune.” PocketSights. Accessed October 4, 2022. https://pocketsights.com/tours/place/John-Quelch%3A-the-Pirate-Captain-Killed-by-His-Fortune-29087:3643 

  9. “Dungeon Rock.” Atlas Obscura. Accessed October 4, 2022. https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/dungeon-rock 

  10. “Dungeon Rock, Lynn Woods.” NOBLE Digital Heritage. Accessed October 5, 2022. https://digitalheritage.noblenet.org/noble/items/show/3438 

  11. “Earthquake of 1663.” Celebrate Boston. Accessed October 5, 2022. http://www.celebrateboston.com/disasters/boston-earthquake-1663.htm 

  12. Fiorentino, Wesley. “Pirates in Boston: The Trial and Execution of John Quelch.” The Beehive. April 9, 2021. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/01/pirates-in-boston-the-trial-and-execution-of-john-quelch/ 

  13. Hawkes, Nathan Mortimer. In Lynn Woods: With Pen and Camera (The Nichols Press, 1893).

  14. “A History Of The Conjuring Ghost Hunters — Interview.” FrightFind. June 7, 2016. https://frightfind.com/history-of-the-conjuring-ghost-hunters/ 

  15. Keays, Alan J. “Did Blackbeard bury treasure at the Shoals?” Seacoastonline. April 25, 2001. https://www.seacoastonline.com/story/news/2001/04/25/did-blackbeard-bury-treasure-at/51302411007/ 

  16. “The Legend of Dungeon Rock and the Pirate Treasure It Holds.” New England Historical Society. Accessed October 4, 2022. https://www.newenglandhistoricalsociety.com/legend-dungeon-rock-pirate-treasure/ 

  17. Muise, Peter. Legends and Lore of the North Shore (Arcadia Publishing, 2014).

  18. “New England’s Great Earthquake of 1638.” MyGenealogyAddiction.com. Accessed October 5, 2022. https://www.mygenealogyaddiction.com/post/new-england-s-great-earthquake-of-1638 

  19. Newhall, James Robinson. Lin̄: or Jewels of the Third plantation (D.C. Colesworthy, 1880). 

  20. “Ocean-Born Mary, Henniker, NH.” New England Ghost Stories. Accessed October 5, 2022. https://newenglandghoststories.com/tag/ocean-born-mary/ 

  21. “Ocean Born Mary: The Legend of Ocean Born Mary.” NHTourGuide. Accessed October 5, 2022. https://nhtourguide.com/wp/places/londonderry/ocean-born-mary-the-legend-of-ocean-born-mary-2/ 

  22. Schlosser, S.E. Spooky New England: Tales of Hauntings, Strange Happenings, and Other Local Lore (Globe Pequot Press, 2004). 

  23. Snow, Edward Rowe. Supernatural Mysteries and Other Tales (Dodd, Mead, 1974).

  24. Stevens, Peter F. Forgotten Tales of Massachusetts (Arcadia Publishing, 2009). 

  25. Zuidhoek, Arne. The Pirate Encyclopedia: The Pirate’s Way (Brill, 2022).

Sources from Lore 234

  1. Anderson, Nate. “Release the kraken! 2,000 years of tall tales (and a smattering of truth).” Ars Technica. January 9, 2013. https://arstechnica.com/science/2013/01/release-the-kraken-2000-years-of-tall-tales-and-a-smattering-of-truth

  2. Andrews, Evan. “The Mysterious Disappearance of Flight 19.” History.com. September 1, 2018. https://www.history.com/news/the-mysterious-disappearance-of-flight-19

  3. “Atlantis.” Encyclopedia Britannica. Accessed March 9, 2023. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Atlantis-legendary-island

  4. Behrens, Dave. “Missing Hotelman’s Wife Waits—and Hopes.” The Miami Herald. December 31, 1967. https://www.newspapers.com/image/621582102

  5. Berlitz, Charles. The Bermuda Triangle (Avon Books, 1974). 

  6. “Bermuda Triangle.” History.com. November 10, 2022. https://www.history.com/topics/folklore/bermuda-triangle

  7. “The Bermuda Triangle: A Selective Bibliography.” Naval History and Command Heritage. Accessed March 8, 2023. https://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/bibliographies/bermuda-triangle-selective-bibliography.html

  8. Black, Riley. “The Giant Squid: Dragon of the Deep.” Smithsonian Magazine. June 21, 2011. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/the-giant-squid-dragon-of-the-deep-18784038

  9. Broad, William J. “Rogue Giants at Sea.” The New York Times. July 11, 2006. https://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/11/science/11wave.html

  10. “Christopher Columbus.” History.com. September 20, 2022. https://www.history.com/topics/exploration/christopher-columbus

  11. Colarossi, Natalie. “Vanished without a trace: Inside the myths and mysteries of the Bermuda Triangle.” Business Insider. February 25, 2020. https://www.businessinsider.com/what-is-bermuda-triangle-myths-mysteries-disappearances-vanishes

  12. Columbus, Christopher, and O.C. Dunn & James E. Kelley, trans. The Diario of Christopher Columbus's First Voyage to America, 1492-1493 (University of Oklahoma Press, 1989).

  13. “Columbus’ UFO Sightings.” History Channel. Accessed March 14, 2023. https://www.history.com/videos/columbus-ufo-sightings

  14. Couch, Christina. “The Utterly Engrossing Search for the Origin of Eels.” Smithsonian Magazine. September 26, 2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/the-utterly-engrossing-search-for-the-origin-of-eels-180980777

  15. Cox, Samuel J. “H-016-4: World War I—USS Cyclops and Her Sisters.” Naval History and Heritage Command. March 2018. https://www.history.navy.mil/about-us/leadership/director/directors-corner/h-grams/h-gram-016/h-016-4.html

  16. Devlin, Ron. “History book: Fate of ex-hotel owner remains unexplained.” Reading Eagle. September 9, 2015. https://www.readingeagle.com/2015/09/09/history-book-fate-of-ex-hotel-owner-remains-unexplained/#

  17. Ferreira, Becky. “Atlantis, Aliens, and Time Warps: The Enduring Mystery of the Bermuda Triangle.” Vice. August 13, 2018. https://www.vice.com/en/article/ev8kam/the-enduring-mystery-of-the-bermuda-triangle-and-its-many-scientific-explanations

  18. Frost, Natasha. “Bermuda Triangle Mystery: What Happened to the USS Cyclops?” History.com. December 20, 2019. https://www.history.com/news/bermuda-triangle-uss-cyclops-mystery-world-war-i

  19. Gaddis, Vincent. “The Deadly Bermuda Triangle.” Argosy. February 1964: pp. 116-118. https://www.physics.smu.edu/pseudo/BermudaTriangle/vincentgaddis.txt

  20. Geggel, Laura. “A Mysterious Light Gleamed as Columbus Drew Near.” The New York Times. October 2, 2012. https://archive.nytimes.com/green.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/10/08/a-mysterious-light-gleamed-as-columbus-drew-near

  21. Glover, Lorri. “Sea Venture.” Encyclopedia Virginia. January 13, 2021. https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/sea-venture

  22. Haslam, Garth. “1492: Christopher Columbus, UFOs, & the Bermuda Triangle.” Anomalies. Accessed March 12, 2023. http://anomalyinfo.com/Stories/1492-christopher-columbus-ufos-bermuda-triangle

  23. Heaney, Katie. “Another Name For The Bermuda Triangle: The Ocean.” Pacific Standard. June 14, 2017. https://psmag.com/environment/another-name-bermuda-triangle-ocean-71620

  24. “The History of Hurricanes in Bermuda.” The Bermudian. August 3, 2022. https://www.thebermudian.com/home-a-garden/hurricane-season-2022/the-history-of-hurricanes-in-bermuda

  25. Holland, Jeffrey Scott. “Disappearance of the Witchcraft.” Report From The Florida Zone. March 9, 2014. http://floridazone.blogspot.com/2014/03/disappearance-of-witchcraft.html

  26. Keating, Fiona. “Bermuda Triangle mystery: Missing ships victim of enormous methane blowouts on ocean floor?” International Business Times. March 13, 2016. https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/bermuda-triangle-mystery-solved-by-enormous-gas-blowouts-ocean-floor-1549223

  27. Lakes, James. “The Bermuda Triangle.” Investigator 62. September 1998. https://ed5015.tripod.com/PaBermudaTriangle62.htm

  28. Lindbergh, Charles. The Spirit of St. Louis (C. Scribner’s Sons, 1953). 

  29. MacGregor, Rob, and Bruce Gernon. Bermuda Triangle Legacy: Exploring Electronic Fog, Space/Time Warps & More (Crossroad Press, 2017). 

  30. Markowitz, Arnold, and Pat Sealey. “Broward Priest, Ex-Hotelman Missing Off Coast.” The Miami Herald. December 23, 1967. https://www.newspapers.com/image/621459142

  31. Mayell, Hillary. “Bermuda Triangle: Behind the Intrigue.” National Geographic. December 15, 2003. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/bermuda-triangle-mystery-disappearance

  32. Moore, Peter. “The Tempest and the Bermuda Shipwreck of 1609.” Shakespeare Oxford Newsletter. Summer 1996. https://shakespeareoxfordfellowship.org/bermuda-shipwreck-of-1609

  33. Parmiter, Cindy. In The Realm Of The Eerie & Unexplained (Cindy Parmiter, 2021). 

  34. Prudente, Tim. “Baltimore-bound USS Cyclops vanished 100 years ago. Its fate remains a mystery.” The Washington Post. March 15, 2018. https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/baltimore-bound-uss-cyclops-vanished-100-years-ago-its-fate-remains-a-mystery/2018/03/15/f50a3682-279f-11e8-bc72-077aa4dab9ef_story.html

  35. Quasar, Gian J. Into the Bermuda Triangle: Pursuing the Truth Behind the World’s Greatest Mystery (International Marine/McGraw-Hill, 2004). 

  36. Robinson, Kim Dismont. “Bermuda Triangle Demystified?” The New York Times. 2006. https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/fodors/top/features/travel/destinations/bermudaandcaribbean/bermuda/fdrs_feat_29_8.html

  37. Roden, E.K. “The Mystery of U.S.S. Cyclops.” Sea Power 7(1), July 1919: pp. 283-284. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Sea_Power/tuGruaCvKEcC?hl=en

  38. Sand, George X. “Sea Mystery at our Back Door.” Fate. October 1952: pp. 11-17. https://www.physics.smu.edu/pseudo/BermudaTriangle/GeorgeXSand.pdf

  39. Scharping, Nathaniel. “The Scientific Mystery Behind The Bermuda Triangle.” Discover. November 1, 2022. https://www.discovermagazine.com/planet-earth/the-bermuda-triangle-what-science-can-tell-us-about-the-mysterious-ocean

  40. “Search At Sea Fails To Find Priest, Friend.” The Miami News. December 25, 1967. https://www.newspapers.com/image/301704259

  41. “Search For 2 Called Off.” Fort Lauderdale News. December 28, 1967. https://www.newspapers.com/image/272594347

  42. Serena, Katie. “Why Some Think Bimini Road Is A Lost Highway To Atlantis.” All That’s Interesting. August 17, 2018. https://allthatsinteresting.com/bimini-road

  43. Storey, Kate. “The Bermuda Triangle, Fake News, and a Steven Spielberg Movie: The Bizarre True Story of the S.S. Cotopaxi.” Esquire. February 9, 2020. https://www.esquire.com/entertainment/a30730244/ss-cotopaxi-bermuda-triangle-shipwreck

  44. “The Terror of the Bermuda Triangle.” In Search Of. Season 2, Episode 5. Aired November 8, 2019. 

  45. “This Week in RCN/Maritime History.” NAC News — Edition K491. December 9, 2022. https://www.navalassoc.ca/nac-news-edition-k491

  46. “What Is Known (and Not Known) About the Bermuda Triangle.” Encyclopedia Britannica. Accessed March 9, 2023. https://www.britannica.com/story/what-is-known-and-not-known-about-the-bermuda-triangl

  47. “What is the Bermuda Triangle?” National Ocean Service. January 4, 2010. https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/bermudatri.htm

Sources from Legends 7

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  3. "The horror of sexuality." Monsters & Madness, March 24, 2016. https://blogs.dickinson.edu/secretlives/2016/03/24/the-horror-of-sexuality/#:~:text=In%20Bram%20Stoker's%20Dracula%2C%20sexuality,present%20at%20the%20same%20time

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  6. “Anansi.” Mythology.net. April 8, 2017. https://mythology.net/mythical-creatures/anansi/

  7. “Monstrum: Jorogumo--The Deadly Spider Woman From Yokai Lore.” PBS/DCMP. Accessed October 15, 2022. https://dcmp.org/media/14555-monstrum-jorogumo-the-deadly-spider-woman-from-yokai-lore

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  10. “Jorōgumo: The Spider-Woman Yokai.” Yokai Street. July 21, 2019. https://www.yokaistreet.com/jorogumo-the-spider-woman-yokai/

  11. “Native American Legends:” (“Nihancan,” “Nixant,” “Veehoo,”  Native-Languages.org. Accessed October 15, 2022. http://www.native-languages.org/nihancan.htm, http://www.native-languages.org/nixant.htm, http://www.native-languages.org/veeho.htm

  12. “The Goddess of the Sea: The Story of Sedna.” The Canadian Encyclopedia. April 23, 2015. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/the-goddess-of-the-sea-the-story-of-sedna

  13. “The Legend of Sedna the Sea Goddess.” Polar Life.1999. http://www.polarlife.ca/traditional/myth/sedna.htm

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  15. “Women and the Global Imagination: Reimagining the Myth of Sedna.” Prairie Schooner. February 24, 2015. https://prairieschooner.unl.edu/blog/women-and-global-imagination-reimagining-myth-sedna

  16. Yolen, Jane. Favorite Folktales from Around the World. (Pantheon, 1996), pp 105-107, https://books.google.com/books?id=0y9kAwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=favorite+folktales+from+around+the+world&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiGqbGZo-_6AhUsEFkFHW6WB48Q6AF6BAgGEAI#v=onepage&q=favorite%20folktales%20from%20around%20the%20world&f=false

  17. Briggs, Katherine Mary. An Encyclopedia of Fairies: Hobgoblins, Brownies, Bogies, and Other Supernatural Creatures. (Pantheon Books, 1976.) p 266.

  18. Yeats, William Butler. Fairy and Folk Tales of the Irish Peasantry. (Project Guttenberg, 2010). P 81. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/33887/33887-h/33887-h.htm#Page_81

  19. “Girl Weds A Ghost: 1900.” Mrs. Daffodil Digresses. June 7, 2013. https://mrsdaffodildigresses.wordpress.com/2013/06/07/girl-weds-a-ghost-1900

  20. “Has Married a Ghost.” The Ottawa Citizen (Ottawa, Ontario, Canada).

  21. October 2nd, 1900. Page 3. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/91665266/woman-marries-a-ghost

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  3. Blelcher, Hilary. Swale, Erica. “Catch a Falling Star.” Folklore Vol. 95, No. 2 (1984). Pp. 210-220. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1260206

  4. Coleman, Loren. Mysterious America. (Paraview Pocket Books, 2001.) Pp 282-283.

  5. Edwards, Frank. Strange World (Ace Star Books, 1964). p 212. https://archive.org/details/strangeworld00edwa/page/n5/mode/2up

  6. “Flatwoods Monster.” Cryptid Wiki. Accessed August 29, 2022. https://cryptidz.fandom.com/wiki/Flatwoods_Monster

  7. “Glowing Monster Reported Skulking in West Virginia.” The Knoxville News-Sentinel (Knoxville, Tennessee). September 15, 1952. Page 7. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108555907/glowing-monster-reported-skulking-in

  8. “Have We Visitors From Outer Space?” LIFE Magazine via Project 1947. April 7, 1952. http://www.project1947.com/shg/articles/lifemag52.html

  9. “Holt Byrne remembers the Flatwoods Monster 1955.” Beckley Post-Herald The Raleigh Register (Beckley, West Virginia). September 11, 1955. Page 7. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/13041624/holt-byrne-remembers-the-flatwoods

  10. “In 1952, the Flatwoods Monster Terrified 6 Kids, a Mom, a Dog—and the Nation.” History. January 10, 2020. https://www.history.com/news/flatwoods-monster-west-virginia

  11. “Lewis Wetzel Frontier Hero...the Legend and the Dark Side.” Early Marietta. July 29, 2015. http://earlymarietta.blogspot.com/2015/07/lewis-wetzel-frontier-herothe-legend.html

  12. “Mining in West Virginia: A Capsule History.” MineSafety.wv.gov. Accessed August 28, 2022. https://minesafety.wv.gov/historical-statistical-data/mining-in-west-virginia-a-capsule-history

  13. “Murderer or Hero or Both?” Sunday News (Lancaster, Pennsylvania). December 10, 1961. Page 19. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108491113/murderer-or-hero-or-both

  14. Musick, Ruth Ann. “European Folktales in West Virginia.” Midwest Folklore, Vol. 6, No. 1, Folk Narrative Issue I (Spring, 1956), p. 27 https://www.jstor.org/stable/4317565

  15. Musick, Ruth Ann. “West Virginia Folklore.” Hoosier Folklore, Vol. 7, No. 1 (Mar., 1948), pp. 1-3 https://www.jstor.org/stable/27649920

  16. Musick, Ruth Ann. “Omens and Tokens of West Virginia.” Midwest Folklore, Vol. 2, No. 4 (Winter, 1952), p. 264 https://www.jstor.org/stable/4317357

  17. “Polce Are Unable To Shed Any Light on ‘Monster’ Story.” The Daily Advocate (Greenville, Ohio). September 19, 1952. Page 7. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108555661/polce-are-unable-to-shed-any-light-on/

  18. “Some Believe, Some Doubt Report Of Mysterious, Glowing Monster.” The Holland Evening Sentinel (Holland, Michigan). September 15, 1952. Page 6. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108555799/some-believe-some-doubt-report-of

  19. “Star Jelly.” Web.archive.org. Accessed August 30, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20110927181357/http://www.subversiveelement.com/SkyFallsJelly.html

  20. “Strange & Unexplained Things in Science: Star Jelly.” Futurism. April 27, 2015. https://futurism.com/strange-unexplained-things-science-star-jelly

  21. “The Adventures of Lewis Wetzel, Who Killed Indians as a Profession.” The Lexington Herald (Lexington, Kentucky). December 17t, 1961. Page 61. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108490979/the-adventures-of-lewis-wetzel-who

  22. “The Flatwoods Monster.” Braxton WV. Accessed August 29, 2022. https://braxtonwv.org/the-flatwoods-monster

  23. “The Monster That Wouldn't Die.” Roadside America. Accessed August 29, 2022. https://www.roadsideamerica.com/story/61443

  24. “The Thing, 10 Feet Tall, Terrifies 7.” Daily News (New York). September 15, 1952.  Page 59. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108556013/the-thing-10-feet-tall-terrifies-7

  25. “What Was the Flatwoods Monster?” Snopes. December 4, 2021. https://www.snopes.com/articles/383097/flatwoods-monster-mothman-owl

  26. “Which states produce the most coal?” US Energy Information Association. Accessed August 28, 2022. https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.php?id=69&t=2

Sources from Legends 6

  1. “The Headless Soldier Who Can Scare.” The Washington Post, June 3 1985 https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1985/06/03/the-headless-soldier-who-can-scare/8733855c-31a6-4941-b832-54ef6f889d9e

  2. “Camp Schmidt.” Rosa L. Parks Elementary School. Accessed December 14, 2022. https://schools.pgcps.org/Rosa-Parks/Camp-Schmidt

  3. “Camp Stories.” Scary For Kids, November 1, 2015, https://www.scaryforkids.com/camp-stories

  4. “Old Man Clutch.” Booksie. Accessed December 14, 2022. https://www.booksie.com/posting/ilive42012/old-man-clutch-304925

  5. “William S. Schmidt papers.” University of Maryland Archive. Accessed December 14, 2022. https://archives.lib.umd.edu/repositories/2/resources/1262

  6. “Headless Hattie.” Google Drive. Accessed December 15, 2022. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1qtl3-kap2lhXf14dnUFd8o59WBcN3Ef3zaQZ8uJUwVc/edit

  7. Simpkins, Joshua. Haunted Marion, Ohio. (Haunted America, 2011). Pp 222 – 227. https://books.google.com/books?id=ZLl_CQAAQBAJ&pg=PT90&lpg=PT90&dq#v=onepage&q&f=false

  8. “Cropsey Legend.” CropseyLegend.com. Accessed December 16, 2022. https://imperialpdx.com/cropseylegend

  9. “Cropsey: The Terrifying Urban Legend Brought to Life.” The Lineup. January 8, 2019. https://the-line-up.com/cropsey-monster-of-staten-island

  10. “History Of Willowbrook, And The Terrifying Legend Of Cropsey.” Classic New York History. Accessed December 16, 2022. https://classicnewyorkhistory.com/history-of-willowbrook-and-the-terrifying-legend-of-cropsey

  11. “Inside the Abandoned Children’s Hospital and Tunnels at Seaview Hospital, Staten Island.” Untapped Cities. Accessed December 16, 2022. https://untappedcities.com/2015/03/03/inside-the-abandoned-childrens-hospital-and-tunnels-at-seaview-hospital-staten-island

  12. “Willowbrook, the institution that shocked a nation into changing its laws.” Medium. June 15, 2017. https://timeline.com/willowbrook-the-institution-that-shocked-a-nation-into-changing-its-laws-c847acb44e0d

  13. “Aren't You Glad You Didn't Turn on the Light?.” Snopes. September 8, 2000. https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/arent-you-glad-you-didnt-turn-on-the-light

  14. Brunvand, Jan Harold. Encyclopedia of Urban Legends. (Norton, 2002). Pp 187, 240-241, 358.

  15. “The Origins of 6 Terrifying Urban Legends and Classic Campfire Stories.” Mental Floss. October 28, 2016. https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/87935/origins-6-terrifying-urban-legends-and-classic-campfire-stories

  16. “The Writing on the Wall.” BibleGateway. Accessed December 16, 2022. https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Daniel%205&version=NIV

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  3. Hemenway, Robert E. Zora Neale Hurston: A Literary Biography. (University of Illinois Press, 1980). Pp 118 – 122.

  4. Hurston, Zora. “Hoodoo in America.” The Journal of American Folklore. Vol #44 (1931): pp 317-417.

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  6. “Zora Neale Hurston: Out of Obscurity.” Smithsonian. January 1, 2001. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/zora-neale-hurston-out-of-obscurity-71489250.

  7. “Zora Neale Hurston’s “Black Death” UMKC Women’s Center. July 19, 2021. https://info.umkc.edu/womenc/2021/07/19/zora-neale-hurstons-black-death.

Sources from Legends 5

  1. Arnett, Andrew K. “Mount Misery: Part 13 — Jaye Paro.” Arnett Files. March 7, 2021. https://arnettfiles.com/2021/03/07/mount-misery-part-13-jaye-paro

  2. Atteberry, Todd. “The Ghosts of Fire Island Lighthouse.” The Witchery Arts. Accessed October 3, 2022. https://www.gothichorrorstories.com/gothic-travel/the-ghosts-of-fire-island-lighthouse

  3. Atteberry, Todd. “The Legends and Myths of Sweet Hollow and Mount Misery: Part One, On Mary Hatchet and Sweet Hollow Road.” The Witchery Arts. Accessed September 28, 2022. https://www.gothichorrorstories.com/behind-urban-legends/the-legends-and-myths-of-mount-misery-and-sweet-hollow-road-part-iii-mary-takes-another-swing-with-her-bloody-hatchet-on-the-big-screen

  4. Atteberry, Todd. “The Legends and Myths of Sweet Hollow and Mount Misery: Part II, The Mothman and the Thunderbird of native American myths.” The Witchery Arts. Accessed September 28, 2022. https://www.gothichorrorstories.com/gothic-travel/by-location/mid-atlantic/long-island/the-legends-and-myths-of-sweet-hollow-and-mount-misery-part-ii-the-mothman-and-the-thunderbird-of-native-american-myths

  5. Atteberry, Todd. “Tales From Head of the Harbor and St. James I: New Thoughts on Mary Hatchet and Mary’s Grave.” The Witchery Arts. Accessed September 28, 2022. https://www.gothichorrorstories.com/behind-urban-legends/storys-from-head-of-the-harbor-and-st-james-i-new-thoughts-on-mary-hatchet-and-marys-grave

  6. Bellerjeau, Claire & Tiffany Yecke Brooks. “Did an Enslaved Woman Try to Warn the Americans of Benedict Arnold’s Treason?” Smithsonian Magazine. May 16, 2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/did-an-enslaved-woman-try-to-warn-the-americans-of-benedict-arnolds-treason-180980080

  7. Black, Bela. “Mount Misery and Sweet Hollow Road.” American Ghost Stories. October 16, 2018. https://americanghoststories.com/mid-atlantic-ghost-stories/mount-misery-sweet-hollow-road#google_vignette

  8. Brosky, Kerriann Flanagan. Historic Haunts of Long Island (The History Press, 2015). 

  9. Brosky, Kerriann Flanagan. “Long Island's Legends and Myths: Mary's Grave.” Huntington, NY Patch. September 3, 2012. https://patch.com/new-york/huntington/bp--long-islands-legends-and-myths-marys-grave

  10. Carr, Julie. “Raynham Hall Museum.” HauntedHouses.com. Accessed October 1, 2022. http://hauntedhouses.com/new-york/raynham-hall-museum

  11. “Fire Island Lighthouse.” Lighthouse Friends. Accessed October 3, 2022. https://www.lighthousefriends.com/light.asp?ID=390

  12. Gentile, John. “Find Slain Girl Was Raped First.” Daily News. June 10, 1976. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/36846504/katherine-woods-murder

  13. Hanc, John. “A Long Island House Holds the Story of Washington’s Spy Ring.” New York Times. March 12, 2019. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/12/arts/raynham-hall-revolution-spies.html

  14. “History.” Fire Island Lighthouse Preservation Society. Accessed October 3, 2022. https://www.fireislandlighthouse.com/history

  15. “History.” Raynham Hall Museum. Accessed October 1, 2022. https://raynhamhallmuseum.org/1740-1776-before-the-revolution

  16. Keel, John A. The Complete Guide to Mysterious Beings (Tom Doherty Associates, 2002).

  17. Keel, John A. The Mothman Prophecies (Tor, 2001). 

  18. Lefebvre, Scott. Scary Stories To Tell In Long Island (CreateSpace, 2014). 

  19. “Legends of Sweet Hollow Road.” New York Mystery Machine. October 4, 2021. https://anchor.fm/nymysterymachine/episodes/Episode-14-Legends-of-Sweet-Hollow-Road-e1894jn

  20. Leita, John & Laura Leita. Long Island Oddities: Curious Locales, Unusual Occurrences and Unlikely Urban Adventures (Arcadia Publishing, 2013).

  21. “List Melville Woman’s Death A Suicide.” Newsday (Suffolk Edition). March 15, 1949. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/712381229

  22. Peters, Lucia. “Haunted Road Trip: Mount Misery Road and Sweet Hollow Road, Long Island, New York.” The Ghost In My Machine. May 4, 2015. https://theghostinmymachine.com/2015/05/04/haunted-road-trip-mount-misery-road-and-sweet-hollow-road-west-hills-huntington-long-island-new-york

  23. “Mary’s Grave — Long Island’s Most Legendary Final Resting Place.” Weird U.S. Accessed September 28, 2022. http://www.weirdus.com/states/new_york/cemetery_safari/marys_grave/index.php

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  25. Mates, Seth. “A father’s anguish at the Fire Island Lighthouse.” Newsday. Accessed October 3, 2022. https://projects.newsday.com/lifestyle/haunted-long-island-fire-island-lighthouse

  26. McCarthy, “America’s first Valentine in Oyster Bay?” Newsday. February 13, 2011. https://www.newsday.com/news/america-s-first-valentine-in-oyster-bay-o49087

  27. Mian, Rashed. “First Valentine In The Country Given On Long Island.” Long Island Press. February 14, 2017. https://www.longislandpress.com/2017/02/14/first-valentine-in-country-long-island-raynham-hall

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  31. “An Old Tar.” Brooklyn Daily Eagle. August 6, 1878. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/50423545

  32. Paro, Jaye. “Medium’s Insist This Spot Is Dominated By Evil Spirits.” Beyond. July 1969. http://www.johnkeel.com/?p=3715

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  34. Sclafani, Tony. “Father’s deadly gunshot startles Samaritans.” Courier News. August 8, 2000. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/224427244

  35. Smitten, Susan. Ghost Stories of New York State (Ghost House Books, 2004).

  36. Stark, Ian J. “Haunted spots to explore on Long Island.” Newsday. October 1, 2021. https://www.newsday.com/lifestyle/holidays/halloween/haunted-long-island-y7563

  37. Swancer, Brent. “Ghosts, UFOs, and High Strangeness at Mount Misery, New York.” Mysterious Universe. June 24, 2020. https://mysteriousuniverse.org/2020/07/ghosts-ufos-and-high-strangeness-at-mount-misery-new-york

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  41. Walsh, Colleen. “Uncovering what Thoreau uncovered.” Harvard Gazette. July 31, 2015. https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2015/07/uncovering-what-thoreau-uncovered

  42. “West Hills South: Mt. Misery Nature Preserve.” Town of Huntington. Accessed September 28, 2022. https://www.huntingtonny.gov/filestorage/13749/13843/15187/99828/153038/17956/Trails_Guide_Mt__Misery_Nature_Preserve.pdf

  43. Whitehouse, Jack. 13 Legends of Fire Island and the Great South Bay (iUniverse, 2008).

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  2. “Anesthetic Prowler Adds Victim.” Daily Journal-Gazette. September 6, 1944. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/93681200

  3. “‘Anesthetic Prowler’ Covers City.” Daily Journal-Gazette. September 5, 1944. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/93681179

  4. “‘Anesthetic Prowler’ on Loose.” Daily Journal-Gazette. September 2, 1944. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/93681104

  5. “‘Ape Man’ Now Suspect No. 1 As Gas Maniac.” Rock Island Argus. September 15, 1944. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/548001458

  6. Ballenger Charles. “Fear, Perhaps Gas Too, Fills Mattoon’s Air.” Chicago Tribune. September 12, 1944. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/370396797

  7. Ballenger, Charles. “Mattoon’s Gas Fiend Attacks Girl, 11, In Home.” Chicago Tribune. September 9, 1944. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/370379662

  8. Baloh, Robert W. & Robert E. Bartholomew. Havana Syndrome: Mass Psychogenic Illness and the Real Story Behind the Embassy Mystery and Hysteria (Springer Nature, 2020).

  9. Bartholomew, Robert E. Hoaxes, Myths, and Manias: Why We Need Critical Thinking (Prometheus, 2003).

  10. Bartholomew, Robert E. & Hilary Evans. Panic Attacks: Media Manipulation and Mass Delusion (The History Press, 2004).

  11. “Black Flash in Old Provincetown Says ‘Booh,’ and Are Folks Scared!” Boston Globe. October 24, 1939. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/431852373

  12. “Boys on Cape Start Search for Prowler.” Boston Globe. October 26, 1939. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/431856404

  13. Carlson, Debbie. “The Mattoon Mad Gasser – Looking Back At A Textbook Case Of Mass Hysteria.” Belt Magazine. June 4, 2015. https://beltmag.com/the-mattoon-mad-gasser-looking-back-at-a-textbook-case-of-mass-hysteria

  14. “Chief Denies Current Rumors.” Provincetown Advocate. November 9, 1939. https://provincetown.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?k=black%20flash%20tarvers&i=f&d=01011856-12311967&m=between&ord=k1&fn=provincetown_advocate_usa_massachusetts_provincetown_19391109_english_1&df=1&dt=10&cid=3034

  15. “Citizens Seek Action to End Mattoon Gas Raid Mystery.” Decatur Herald. September 9, 1944. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/88425524

  16. Coleman, Loren. Mysterious America (Pocket Books, 2007).

  17. Desroches, Steve. “The ‘Black Flash’…The Legend Lives On.” Provincetown Magazine. October 16, 2011. https://provincetownmagazine.com/index.php/2011/10/16/the-black-flash-the-legend-lives-on

  18. Downes, Jon. “In Search of the Mad Gasser.” Fortean Times. November 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20090903034909/http://www.forteantimes.com/features/articles/83/in_search_of_the_mad_gasser.html

  19. “Fall Brings Out The ‘Black Flash.’” Provincetown Advocate. October 26, 1939. https://provincetown.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?k=black%20flash&i=f&d=01011856-12311967&m=between&ord=k1&fn=provincetown_advocate_usa_massachusetts_provincetown_19391026_english_1&df=1&dt=10&cid=3034

  20. “‘Gardenia Gas’ Prowler At Mattoon, Ill.” Belleville News-Democrat. September 7, 1944. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/769373198

  21. “Gas Breaks Up Church Meet.” Austin American-Statesman. December 18, 1961. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/357923319

  22. “‘Gas Calls’ At Vanishing Point.” Daily Journal-Gazette. September 13, 1944. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/93681538

  23. “Getting Gassed In Mattoon Becomes Most Popular Fad.” Dayton Journal. September 12, 1944. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/391696936

  24. Heflin, James. “The Uncanny Valley: Jumpin’ Black Flash, A Cape Cod boogeyman.” Valley Advocate. May 27, 2015. https://valleyadvocate.com/2015/05/27/xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx-6

  25. Hereford, Robert A. “Mattoon Argues Over Denial That Prowler Exists.” St. Louis Star and Times. September 13, 1944. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/205455415

  26. “History of Coles County.” Coles County, Illinois Homepage. Accessed September 10, 2022. https://www.co.coles.il.us/genInfo.html

  27. “Hunt Escaped Nazi Here.” Daily Journal-Gazette. August 31, 1944. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/93681016

  28. “Hurricane Damaged Water Heater Blamed For Fumes.” Galveston Daily News. December 19, 1961. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/30166877

  29. “Intensify Hunt For Gas Prowler.” Chicago Tribune. September 7, 1944. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/370374182

  30. Johnson, Brooke. “Debating the Mad Gasser.” Journal-Gazette & Times Courier. August 17, 2005. https://jg-tc.com/uncategorized/debating-the-mad-gasser/article_9813e265-c321-522b-81c1-42078c176093.html

  31. Johnson, Donald M. “The ‘Phantom Anesthetist’ of Mattoon: A Field Study of Mass Hysteria.” Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 40(2), 1945: 175-186. http://ergotism.info/en/hysteria/mass_hysteria_mad_gasser_jasp_1945_40.pdf

  32. Ladendorf, Bob and Robert E. Bartholomew. “The Mad Gasser of Mattoon: How the Press Created an Imaginary Chemical Weapons Attack.” Skeptical Inquirer 26(4), July/August 2002: 50-58. https://skepticalinquirer.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/29/2019/03/Issue-04-23.pdf

  33. “‘Mad Gasser’ Adds Six Victims!” Daily Journal-Gazette. September 9, 1944. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/93681408

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  35. “Mad Prowler Takes It Easy For Night.” Daily Journal-Gazette. September 8, 1944. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/93681348

  36. “Many Prowler Reports; Few Real.” Daily Journal-Gazette. September 11, 1944. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/93681453

  37. Maruna, Scott. The Mad Gasser of Mattoon: Dispelling the Hysteria (Swamp Gas Book Company, 2003).

  38. “Mattoon Citizens Watch for Insane Prowler; Gas Victims Mount to 17.” Daily Clintonian. September 8, 1944. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/133994468

  39. “Mattoon Fiend Fells Two More With Poison Gas.” Chicago Tribune. September 8, 1944. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/370377270

  40. “Mattoon ‘Gas Prowler’ Just Mass Hysteria, Police Assert.” Alton Evening Telegraph. September 13, 1944. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/26061102

  41. “Mattoon, Illinois Population 2022.” World Population Review. Accessed September 10, 2022. https://worldpopulationreview.com/us-cities/mattoon-il-population

  42. “Mattoon’s Mad Anesthetist.” Daily Journal-Gazette. September 8, 1944. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/93681355

  43. “Mattoon Memories.” Souvenir Program of the Mattoon Centennial. 1955. https://libsysdigi.library.illinois.edu/oca/Books2008-06/mattoonmemoriess00matt/mattoonmemoriess00matt.pdf

  44. Mio, Leslie. “The Mattoon Gasser: Victims and Locations.” Eastern Illinois University. Accessed September 10, 2022. https://www.eiu.edu/localite/gasservictims.php

  45. Moreno, Richard. Myths and Mysteries of Illinois: True Stories of the Unsolved and Unexplained (Rowman & Littlefield, 2013). 

  46. “Mystery Fumes Fell Churchgoers.” El Paso Herald-Post. December 18, 1961. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/798206437

  47. “No Gas, Not Even Madman Seen During Night.” Daily Journal-Gazette. September 15, 1944. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/93681718

  48. “No New Cases In Gas Mystery.” Decatur Herald. September 14, 1944. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/88427234

  49. “The ‘Perfumed City’ Speaks.” Daily Journal-Gazette. September 20, 1944. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/93681877

  50. “Poison Gas Prowler Adds Two Victims To Previous List.” Belleville Daily Advocate. September 7, 1944. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/768245656

  51. Revai, Cheri. Haunted Massachusetts: Ghosts and Strange Phenomena of the Bay State (Stackpole Books, 2005).

  52. “Safety Agent To Aid Police In ‘Gas’ Case.” Daily Journal-Gazette. September 6, 1944. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/93681233

  53. Sampson, Bob. Email correspondence. October 1, 2020.

  54. “Sidelights of ‘Mad Gasser’s’ Strange Case.” Daily Journal-Gazette. September 12, 1944. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/93681517

  55. Smith-Johnson, Robin. Legends & Lore of Cape Cod (Arcadia Publishing, 2016). 

  56. “Some Say ‘Madman of Mattoon’ Is Hoax.” The Dispatch. September 8, 1944. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/340095570

  57. Stalker, Harold. “Mattoon Gas Scare Laid to War Plant Fumes, Hysteria.” Decatur Herald. September 13, 1944. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/88426660

  58. “Sweet Gas Ends Songs At Church.” The Austin American. December 18, 1961. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/384919416

  59. “Sweet Gas Sickens Many At Yule Party.” Denton Record-Chronicle. December 18, 1961. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/24379522

  60. Taylor, Troy. Monsters of Illinois: Mysterious Creatures in the Prairie State (Stackpole Books, 2011).

  61. “Three Killed By Mysterious Gas.” St. Joseph News-Press. February 1, 1944. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/560113681

  62. “Total Gas Victims Now 27.” Decatur Daily Review. September 9, 1944. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/88438557

  63. “Two Mattoon ‘Gas Victims’ Found To Have Hysteria.” Alton Evening Telegraphy. September 11, 1944. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/26061078

  64. Waters, Dustin. “The mystery of the ‘Mad Gasser of Mattoon’ who terrorized an Illinois town.” The Washington Post. October 30, 2021. https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2021/10/30/mad-gasser-mattoon-illinois-mystery

  65. Weiser-Alexander, Kathy. “Mad Gassers of Virginia & Illinois.” Legends of America. January 2020. https://www.legendsofamerica.com/mad-gassers/

  66. “‘Whiff’ Left by Phantom Gasser Puzzles Police.” Star Tribune. September 10, 1944. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/181829078

Sources from Legends 4

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  3. “Mary Moore.” Find a Grave. Accessed October 4, 2022. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/10157233/mary-moore

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  7. “Eunice Cole, The Witch of Hampton Who Could Not Be Stopped.” New England Historical Society. Accessed October 9, 2022. https://www.newenglandhistoricalsociety.com/eunice-cole-the-witch-of-hampton-who-could-not-be-stopped/

  8. “Goody Cole: Old Tales of New Hampshire Witchcraft.” New England Folklore. September 15, 2019. http://newenglandfolklore.blogspot.com/2019/09/goody-cole-old-tales-of-new-hampshire.html

  9. Karlsen, Carol F. The devil in the shape of a woman : witchcraft in colonial New England (Norton, 1987). Pp 52-56.

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  12. The Athenian Mercury. Vol 4 Iss 20. (1691). Pp. 1-6. https://archive.org/details/sim_athenian-gazette-or-casuistical-mercury_1691_4_20/mode/2up?q=recovery

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  14. "Rigging the Mizzen Yard - Masting, rigging and sails - Model Ship World™," modelshipworld.com, January 31, 2018, https://modelshipworld.com/topic/17685-rigging-the-mizzen-yard/

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  17. Broad Brook Grange. Official history of Guilford, Vermont, 1678-1961. With genealogies and biographical sketches. (Town of Guilford and Broad Brook Grange, 1961). P. 156. https://archive.org/stream/officialhistoryo00unse/officialhistoryo00unse_djvu.txt

  18. Porter, J Hampton. “Notes on the Folk-Lore of the Mountain Whites of the Alleghanies.” The Journal of American Folklore. Vol. 7, No. 25 (Apr. - Jun., 1894), P. 115. https://www.jstor.org/stable/533421

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  34. Lydick, Robyn. “Castle Isabelle never enchanted ‘Sassy.’” Colorado Community Media. May 19, 2006. https://coloradocommunitymedia.com/stories/castle-isabelle-never-enchanted-sassy,9232

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Sources from Legends 3

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  24. Lloyd, Ellen. “Palatine Light Legend Is Based On A True And Tragic Event – What Really Happened On Block Island.” Ancient Pages. December 4, 2020. https://www.ancientpages.com/2020/12/04/palatine-light-legend-is-based-on-a-true-and-tragic-event-what-really-happened-on-block-island

  25. MacWhirter, Margaret Grant. Treasure Trove in Gaspé and the Baie Des Chaleurs (Telegraph Print Company, 1919).

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  34. Sceanders, Ian. “The Fiery Phantom That Sails Bay Chaleur.” Maclean’s. June 15, 1951. https://archive.macleans.ca/article/1951/6/15/the-fiery-phantom-that-sails-bay-chaleur

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  5. Barber, Tim. “Beverley’s Frith Stool and the right of sanctuary.” Real Yorkshire Blog. May 23, 2020. https://www.realyorkshireblog.com/post/beverley-s-frith-stool-and-the-right-of-sanctuary

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