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  1. Abbott, Geoffrey. Lords of the Scaffold: A History of the Executioner. London: Robert Hale, 1991. 

  2. “Assassination Attempt on King Louis XV By Damiens, 1757”. Chateau de Versailles. 

  3. Brigden, James. “Hang ‘Em High: 7 of History’s Most Famous Executioners”. History. https://www.history.co.uk/articles/hang-em-high-7-of-history-s-most-famous-executioners

  4. Brown, Stephen E., Finn-Aage Esbensen, and Gilbert Geis. Criminology: Explaining Crime and Its Context. 9th Edition. New York: Routledge, 2015. 

  5. Cale, Jessica. “Executioner, Death, or the Devil Himself? The Legend of Jack Ketch.” Dirty Sexy History. 9/25/2016. https://dirtysexyhistory.com/2016/09/25/executioner-death-or-the-devil-himself-the-legend-of-jack-ketch

  6. Cale, Jessica. “Executions at Tyburn: Ritual and Reality.” Dirty Sexy History. 7/10/2016. https://dirtysexyhistory.com/2016/07/10/executions-at-tyburn-ritual-and-reality

  7. “Damiens’s Testimony to Parlement.” https://revolution.chnm.org/exhibits/show/liberty--equality--fraternity/item/610

  8. Davies, Own and Francesca Matteoni. “‘A Virtue Beyond All Medicine’: The Hanged Man’s Hand, Gallows Tradition and Healing in Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-century England.” Social History of Medicine. 5/2/2015. P. 1-20. 

  9. Farrell, Brendan. “Roscommon’s Lady Betty–Their, Murderer, and Executioner”. Irish Central. 1/1/2024. https://www.irishcentral.com/roots/history/lady-betty-thief-murderer-executioner

  10. Harrington, Joel F. The Faithful Executioner: Life and Death, Honor and Shame in the Turbulent Sixteenth Century. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 2013. Kindle Edition. 

  11. Headsman. “1683: Lord Russell, Whig Martyr.” Executed Today. 7/21/2014. https://www.executedtoday.com/2014/07/21/1683-lord-russell-whig-martyr

  12. Headsman, “1757: Robert-Francois Damiens, Disciplined and Punished.” Executed Today. 3/28/2008. https://www.executedtoday.com/2008/03/28/1757-robert-francois-damiens-discipline-and-punish

  13. “How Ireland’s Only Female Executioner Got the Job.” Irish Examiner. 4/18/2019. https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/arid-30918685.html. Accessed 4/3/2024. 

  14. Johnson, Steven. The Ghost Map. New York: Riverhead Books, 2006.

  15. Johnston, Raymond. “Prague Uncovered: One of the Darkest Chapters of the City’s History Took Place 400 Years Ago Today.” Expats CZ. 6/21/2021. https://www.expats.cz/czech-news/article/one-of-prague-s-darkest-chapters-happened-400-years-ago-with-27-executions-on-old-town-square

  16. Lenoir, Andrew. “Charles-Henri Sanson: The Royal Executioner of 18th-Century France.” All That Is Interesting. Edited by John Kuroski. https://allthatsinteresting.com/charles-henri-sanson

  17. London Historians. “The Gruesome Reason Why Newgate Prison Used to be Known as ‘Jack Ketch’s Kitchen’”. Londonist. https://londonist.com/london/history/jack-ketch-dodgy-axeman

  18. Naillon, Erin. “27 Noblemen Executed”. Private Prague Guide. https://www.private-prague-guide.com/article/27-noblemen-executed

  19. “Robert-Francois Damiens.” Britannica. Updated 3/24/2024. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Robert-Francois-Damiens

  20. Rule, Fiona. London Labyrinth: The World Beneath the City’s Streets. Gloucestershire: The History Press, 2012.

  21. Sakar, Vladimir. “Old Town Square Executions in 1621.” Veritas, R.A. http://veritas.evangnet.cz/en/executions-1621

  22. Schwoerer, Lois G. “William, Lord Russell: The Making of a Martyr, 1683-1983.” Journal of British Studies 24, n. 1 (Jan 1985), pp. 41-71. 

  23. Seaver, Carl. “Jack Ketch: One of History’s Bloodiest Executioners”. History Defined. 1/27/2023. https://www.historydefined.net/jack-ketch-one-of-historys-bloodiest-executioners

  24. Sedgwick, Icy. “Just Hanging Around: The Gallows in English Folklore”. Icy Sedgwick. 10/15/2022. https://www.icysedgwick.com/the-gallows-in-folklore

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  26. Stuart, Kathy. Defiled Trades and Social Outcasts: Honor and Ritual Pollution in Early Modern Germany. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.

  27. Sugg, Richard. Mummies, Cannibals and Vampires: The History of Corpse Medicine from the Renaissance to the Victorians. 2nd Edition. London: Routledge, 2016.

  28. Wade, Stephen. Britain’s Most Notorious Hangmen. Barnsley: Wharncliffe Local History, 2009. 

  29. Walsh, Robert. “France’s Prolific Executioner: The Life and Death of Charles-Henri Sanson.” The Lineup. 8/29/2016. https://the-line-up.com/charles-henri-sanson

  30. Welch, Michael. “Torture and Torment: Transform the Body”. In The Bastille Effect: Transforming Sites of Political Prisoners. University of California Press, 2022.

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  2. “Giant Sitting, Talking Paul Bunyan” Roadside America. https://www.roadsideamerica.com/story/2420

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  6. Life Magazine,  November 15, 1948. Pp 22 - 25. https://www.facebook.com/MysterySpot.Calif/posts/pfbid09jvy3vfea2nKRVfK4DFPhUkPrXx1DBfeBSnAwtaUARfgaLFDQkLQsc3gvooJLnR7l

  7. “Lucy the Elephant.” Atlas Obscura. https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/lucy-elephant

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  10. “Oregon Vortex (House of Mystery).” Oregon Encyclopedia. https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/oregon_vortex_house_of_mystery_/

  11. “Owner of the Mystery Spot, George W. Prather, Is Dead.” Santa Cruz Sentinel (Wed, Jan 30, 1946). Page 1. https://www.newspapers.com/article/santa-cruz-sentinel-george-prather-funer/9075787/

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  14. “Santa Cruz Mystery Spot.” Roadside America. https://www.roadsideamerica.com/story/2033

  15. “South Of The Border.” Roadside America. https://www.roadsideamerica.com/story/2211

  16.  “Spook Hill: Mystery or Mundane?” The Spirit Realm Network. June 25, 2021. https://www.spiritrealm.net/spook-hill-mystery-or-mundane/

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  19.  “The Tilthouse.” DAFE. https://www.dafe.org/articles/miscellaneous/tiltHouse.html

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  26.  “Why do cars roll uphill at Spook Hill? Legends & science explain the thrill of Lake Wales’ gravity hill.” Fox 13. October 31, 2022. https://www.fox13news.com/news/why-do-cars-roll-uphill-at-spook-hill-legends-science-explains-the-thrill-of-lake-wales-gravity-hill

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  50. Kerrigan William. Johnny Appleseed and the American Orchard : A Cultural History. Johns Hopkins University Press 2012.

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  27. Lovejoy, Bess. “10 Tales of Legendary Ghost Ships.” Mental Floss. 11/2/2021. https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/65639/10-tales-legendary-ghost-ships

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  29. McCain, Diana Ross. Mysteries and Legends of New England: True Stories of the Unsolved and Unexplained. Guilford: Morris Book Publishing, LLC, 2009. Digital.

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  31. Muise, Peter. “Sam Bellamy, Maria Hallett, and the Wreck of the Pirate Ship Whydah.” New England Folklore. 8/10/2014. http://newenglandfolklore.blogspot.com/2014/08/sam-bellamy-maria-hallett-and-wreck-of.html

  32. “North Carolina’s Outer Banks.” The Outer Banks Chamber of Commerce. https://www.outerbankschamber.com/main/north-carolina-s-outer-banks

  33. “The Pirate’s Girl-Yarmouth’s? Maria Hallett.” Historical Society of Old Yarmouth. https://www.hsoy.org/blog/2023/3/16/mmrensabce8y1twvpa1ka6a4hfokvv

  34. Schlosser, S.E. “Dem Bones.” American Folklore. https://www.americanfolklore.net/dem-bones

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  36. Schoenberg, Philip Ernest. “Captain Kidd in Connecticut.” Ghosts of New Haven. 2018. https://ghostsofnewhaven.com/blog/484/page/2

  37. Simmons, Kelly. “Bath, N.C. A Pirate Sanctuary.” Greensboro.com. Updated 1/25/2015. https://greensboro.com/bath-n-c-a-pirate-sanctuary/article_11626a48-f6c1-59cb-b20a-b9b78508a66a.html

  38. Sippell, Margeaux. “Lost Pirate Kingdom: The Legendary Love Story of Black Sam Bellamy and ‘Goody’ Hallett.” MovieMaker. 3/17/2021. https://www.moviemaker.com/black-sam-bellamy-goody-hallett-witch-of-wellfleet-lost-pirate-kingdom

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  44. “20 Facts About Blackbeard.” The History Press. https://www.thehistorypress.co.uk/articles/10-facts-about-blackbeard

  45. Weslager, C.A. “Place Names on Ocracoke Island.” The North Carolina Historical Review, vol. 31, no. 1, 1954, pp.41-49. JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23516656?read-now=1&seq=9#page_scan_tab_contents

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  2. “Do We Have To Tell Them the House is Haunted?” JSTOR Daily. October 27, 2018. https://daily.jstor.org/do-we-have-to-tell-them-house-is-haunted

  3. “From Gothic mansion to haunted house: what makes a building spooky?” Financial Times. October 29, 2021. https://www.ft.com/content/e0cae41e-35fd-4c72-9d5d-8f383aefc855

  4. “History of Ghost Stories.” History. October 29, 2009. https://www.history.com/topics/halloween/historical-ghost-stories#section_2

  5. “How Victorian Mansions Became the Default Haunted House?” JSTOR Daily. October 16, 2018. https://daily.jstor.org/how-victorian-mansions-became-the-default-haunted-house

  6. “Huntingford, G.W.B. “55. Ghosts and Devils in East Africa.” Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. Vol. 28 (May, 1928), pp. 76-78. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2789197

  7. Nickell, Joe. “Amityville: The Horror of It All.” Skeptical Inquirer. Volume 27, No. 1 (Jan/Feb 2003). https://skepticalinquirer.org/2003/01/amityville-the-horror-of-it-all

  8. “Plautus’ Mostellaria (“The Haunted House”).” St Olaf College. 2008. https://wp.stolaf.edu/classics/st-olaf-ancient-plays/mostellaria

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  2. Cohen, Rich. “Meet the 19th-Century Pirate Who Taught New York’s Tough Guys How to Flex.” Vanity Fair. 6/4/1019. https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2019/06/meet-the-19th-century-pirate-who-taught-new-yorks-tough-guys-how-to-flex

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  8. George, Stephen C. “America’s Stonehenge: Inside the Rocky History of New Hampshire’s Mystery Hill.” Discover. 2/3/2021. https://www.discovermagazine.com/planet-earth/americas-stonehenge-inside-the-rocky-history-of-new-hampshires-mystery-hill

  9. Headsman, “1860: Albert Hicks, The Last Pirate Hanged by the US?”. Executed Today. 7/13/2016. https://www.executedtoday.com/2016/07/13/1860-albert-hicks-the-last-pirate-hanged-by-the-us

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  13. Lynch, CJ. “Legend Has It: Doc Benton.” The Morbid Library. 9/25/2021. https://themorbidlibrary.com/2021/09/25/legend-has-it-doc-benton

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  15. Muise, Peter. “Dartmouth’s Demon Doctor.” New England Folklore. 7/1/2012. https://newenglandfolklore.blogspot.com/2012/07/dartmouths-demon-doctor.html

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  19. Starbuck, David R. The Archeology of New Hampshire: Exploring 10,000 years in the Granite State. Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire Press, 2006.

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  9. “The Dragon.” Butterscotch & Thistles. https://www.scottishcountrydanceoftheday.com/daysoftheyear/the-dragon

  10. Editorial Staff. “Fear of Worms Phobia—Scoleciphobia.” Fearof.net. https://www.fearof.net/fear-of-worms-phobia-scoleciphobia

  11. “Fear of Worms: Scoleciphobia.” Creature Courage. https://creaturecourage.com/fear-of-worms-scoleciphobia

  12. “The Giant Snake of Mt. Tsurugi.” Greater Ancestors World Museum. https://greaterancestors.com/the-giant-snake-of-mt-tsurugi

  13. Haberly, David T. “Verdaguer and the Minhocão.” Catalan Review, Vol. XII, number 1 (1998), p.73-80, https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwi7wvHB6qiEAxXOnokEHaG7BH4QFnoECA8QAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.raco.cat%2Findex.php%2FCatalanReview%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2F309798%2F399775&usg=AOvVaw30fdwz4LVgQ19lSLgrypIV&opi=89978449

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  15. “Is the Legendary Lost Ark Buried in Japan?” Pink Tentacle. 4/21/2010. http://pinktentacle.com/2010/04/is-the-legendary-lost-ark-buried-in-japan

  16. Kiprop, Joseph. “Do the Minhocão Really Exist?” WorldAtlas. 5/23/2018. https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/do-the-minhocao-really-exist.html

  17. Leigh, Stevie. “Unresolved: Cryptids—Yamakachi.” Hive Blog. https://hive.blog/blog/@stevieleigh/unresolved-cryptids-yamakachi

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  22. “A New Monster.” The Bristol Mercury and Daily Post, Western Countries and South Wales Advertiser. 3/1/1878. p.2. https://www.newspapers.com/image/385048105/?terms=Minhocao&match=1

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  25. Radford, Benjamin. “Mongolian Death Worm: Elusive Legend of the Gobi Desert.” LiveScience. 6/21/2014. https://www.livescience.com/46450-mongolian-death-worm.html

  26. Reveron, Sean. “Disturbing Facts About the Mongolian Death Worm.” Cvlt Nation. 5/8/2019. https://cvltnation.com/disturbing-facts-mongolian-death-worm

  27. Rosens, C.M. “Dragons and Dragon Folklore in the North Country.” Cmrosens.com. 5/7/2022. https://cmrosens.com/2022/05/07/dragons-and-dragon-folklore-in-the-north-country-monstrousmay-day-7

  28. Rushton, Neil. “The Lambton Wyrm.” Deadbutdreaming. 1/17/2018. https://deadbutdreaming.wordpress.com/2018/01/17/the-lambton-wyrm

  29. “Shikoku.” Japan-guide.com. https://www.japan-guide.com/list/e1107.html

  30. Shuker, Karl P.N. The Unexplained: An Illustrated Guide to the World’s Natural and Paranormal Mysteries. Dubai: Carlton Books Limited, 2002. Digital. https://archive.org/details/unexplained0000karl/page/118/mode/2up

  31. Steffen, Darrah. “The Minhocão.” Darrah Steffen Writes. 5/23/2022. https://darrahsteffenwrites.wordpress.com/2022/05/23/the-minhocao

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  33. “Taking the Bait: The Weird Worminess of the Brazilian Minhocão.” Esoterx. 8/30/2013. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1MppQBZIuXkk1ahalxFzLJF8_Ou2OWeLu/edit

  34. “There Be Dragons.” Butterscotch & Thistles. https://www.scottishcountrydanceoftheday.com/daysoftheyear/there-be-dragons

  35. “Tremors.” TV Tropes. https://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Film/Tremors

  36. “Vermiphobia, the Fear of Worms.” Exploring Your Mind. 11/8/2022. https://exploringyourmind.com/vermiphobia-the-fear-of-worms

  37. White, David. “The Worm of Linton.” Folklore Scotland. https://folklorescotland.com/the-worm-of-linton

  38. “Who Was Roy Chapman Andrews.” Roy Chapman Andrews Society. https://roychapmanandrewssociety.org/roy-chapman-andrews

  39. “The Worme of Linton.” Electricscotland.com. https://electricscotland.com/kids/stories/linton.htm

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  9. Guiley, Rosemary. The Encyclopedia of Witches and Witchcraft. New York: Facts on File, 1999, https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofwi00guil/page/25/mode/1up?q=%22Tammy+Blee%22

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  19. Swancer, Bret. “The Strange Trial of the Carrick Witch.” Mysterious Universe. March 23, 2022, https://web.archive.org/web/20220322195342/https://mysteriousuniverse.org/2022/03/the-strange-trial-of-the-carrick-witch

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  27. Yeats, W.B. (editor). Fairy & Folk Tales of Ireland. New York: Touchstone, 1983, https://archive.org/details/fairyfolktalesof00yeat_1/page/n5/mode/1up?q=Fairy+Folk+Tales+of+Ireland

  28. Young, Simon. “Irish Fairies and Irish Food: The Mary Doheny Trial.” Transcribed on The Witch, The Weird, and the Wonderful. December 2, 2015, http://winsham.blogspot.com/2015/12/irish-fairies-and-irish-food-mary.html

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  2. Bird, Donald R. “Woman Finds Rare Feather Crown In Home.” Rochester Democrat and Chronicle. September 11, 1938. https://www.newspapers.com/image/135834935

  3. “Bird Of Evil Omen.” St. Louis Globe-Democrat. March 6, 1884. https://www.newspapers.com/image/571096657

  4. “The Bodach - Ancient God, Folk Myth, or Malevolent Ghost?” Spooky Scotland. September 21, 2021. https://spookyscotland.net/the-bodach

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  6. Brooks, Libby. “‘There is power in them’: mysterious stone figures to be moved in Gaelic winter ritual.” The Guardian. October 30, 2020. https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2020/oct/30/there-is-power-in-them-mysterious-stone-figures-gaelic-winter-ritual-cailleach?

  7. Carden, Gary, and Nina Anderson. Belled Buzzards, Hucksters, and Grieving Specters: Appalachian Tales: Strange, True & Legendary (Down Home Press, 1994).

  8. Carroll, Cynthia McRoy. Missouri Ozarks Legends & Lore (History Press, 2021).

  9. “Child prodigy’s story includes feather cross.” Clinch Valley News and Richlands Press. February 24, 1988. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1008956821

  10. Clark, Jerome. Unexplained!: Strange Sightings, Incredible Occurrences, and Puzzling Physical Phenomena, third edition (Visible Ink, 2013).

  11. “A Correspondent.” Semi-Weekly Wisconsin. July 10, 1869. https://www.newspapers.com/image/7792276

  12. “Crown.” Dictionary of American Regional English. Spring 2023. https://dare.wisc.edu/words/quarterly-updates/quarterly-update-32-spring-2023/crown

  13. Daimler, Morgan. A New Dictionary of Fairies A 21st Century Exploration of Celtic and Related Western European Fairies (Collective Ink, 2020).

  14. Dunphy, John. “The Tale of Feather Crowns.” Almanac. November 12, 2021. https://www.almanac.com/extra/tale-feather-crowns

  15. Flood, Evelyn. “The Belled Buzzard.” Arkansas Times. March 12, 1998. https://freepages.rootsweb.com/~rkinfolks/genealogy/stories/belledbuzzard.html

  16. Haslam, Garth. “1861, October 4: Lord Eglinton sees the Bodach-Glas.” Anomalies. Accessed February 16, 2024. http://anomalyinfo.com/Stories/1861-october-4-lord-eglinton-sees-bodach-glas

  17. Henderson, William. Notes on the Folk-lore of the Northern Counties of England and the Borders (Longmans, Green, and Co., 1866).

  18. Holland, Richard. “Phantom funerals.” Uncanny UK. May 4, 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20130615045302/http://www.uncannyuk.com/65/phantom-funerals

  19. Mayes, Michael. “The Legend of the Belled Buzzard.” Texas Cryptid Hunter. November 7, 2021. http://texascryptidhunter.blogspot.com/2021/11/the-legend-of-belled-buzzard.html

  20. “Omens of Death Around the World.” Talk Death. September 18, 2017. https://www.talkdeath.com/omens-death-around-world

  21. “An Ominous Incident.” Public Ledger [Memphis]. November 16, 1878. https://www.newspapers.com/image/586738587

  22. Randolph, Vance. Ozark Superstitions (Dover Publications, 1964).

  23. Roark, Eldon. “Strolling.” The Memphis Press-Scimitar. May 14, 1975. https://www.newspapers.com/image/800256957

  24. Rose, Tammy. “Death Crowns: A Creepy Piece of Appalachia’s Folklore.” Got Mountain Life. September 29, 2018. https://gotmountainlife.com/death-crowns-a-creepy-piece-of-appalachias-folklore

  25. Savile, Bourchier Wrey. Apparitions (Longmans and Company, 1874).

  26. Stauffer, Frank H. The Queer, the Quaint and the Quizzical (Outlook Verlag, 1882).

  27. Taylor, Howard. “Talk of the Town.” Bristol Herald Courier. November 19, 1972. https://www.newspapers.com/image/963012540

  28. Tennis, Joe. Haunts of Virginia’s Blue Ridge Highlands (Arcadia Publishing, 2010).

  29. “That Belled Buzzard.” The News and Advance [Lynchburg]. November 26, 1878. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1014869620

  30. “Tolaeth.” Encyclopedia Mythica. November 2, 2002. https://pantheon.org/articles/t/tolaeth.html

  31. Trevelyan, Marie. Folk-lore and Folk-stories of Wales (Elliott Stock, 1909).

  32. Walsh, William S. Heroes and Heroines of Fiction (J.B. Lippincott Company, 1914).

  33. West, Harry C. “The Belled Buzzard.” North Carolina Folklore Journal XXIII(1), February 1975: pp. 118-120.

  34. Westwood, Jennifer, and Sophia Kingshill. The Lore of Scotland: A Guide to Scottish Legends (Random House, 2009).

  35. Woodyard, Chris. “Death on the Links: 1861.” The Victorian Book of the Dead. July 14, 2021. https://thevictorianbookofthedead.wordpress.com/2021/07/14/death-on-the-links-1861

  36. Woodyard, Chris. “The Phantom Coffin-Maker—A Death Omen.” Haunted Ohio. April 27, 2013. http://hauntedohiobooks.com/news/the-phantom-coffin-maker-a-death-omen

  37. Woodyard, Chris. “Phantom Funerals.” Haunted Ohio. March 21, 2013. http://hauntedohiobooks.com/news/phantom-funerals

  38. Woodyard, Chris. “Tokens of Death: Owls, Cats, and Phantom Funerals.” Haunted Ohio. November 27, 2012. http://hauntedohiobooks.com/news/strange-deaths-news/tokens-of-death-owls-cats-and-phantom-funerals

Sources from Lore 256

  1. “7 Amazing Facts About the Sedlec Ossuary.” Mental Floss. February 27, 2019. https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/575129/sedlec-ossuary-facts

  2. “A Painting of a Crying Boy Was Blamed for a Series of Fires in the ’80s.” Atlas Obscura. April 21, 2017. https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/crying-boy-painting-fires

  3. “A spirited tour of Galveston’s old haunts.” Austin American Statesman. October 21, 2012. https://www.statesman.com/story/news/2012/10/21/a-spirited-tour-of-galvestons-old-haunts/9800080007

  4. “Blucifer: The Story of Denver Airport’s ‘Blue Mustang’ Sculpture from Luis Jimenez.” Uncover Colorado. April 11, 2021. https://www.uncovercolorado.com/blucifer-blue-mustang-statue-denver-airport

  5. “Curse that painting!”  Skeptical Inquirer. November 2012. https://skepticalinquirer.org/2012/11/curse-that-painting

  6. “Edvard Munch: Beyond The Scream.” Smithsonian. March 2006. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/edvard-munch-beyond-the-scream-111810150

  7. Episode #78: Cursed Art: Landseer's Man Proposes, God Disposes.” Artcurious Podcast. May 3, 2021. https://www.artcuriouspodcast.com/artcuriouspodcast/78

  8. “Episode #82: Cursed Art: Edvard Munch's The Dead Mother.” Artcurious Podcast. June 28, 2021. https://www.artcuriouspodcast.com/artcuriouspodcast/82

  9. “History.” Sedlec.info. https://www.sedlec.info/en/ossuary/history

  10. “Man Proposes, God Disposes.” The History of Art. https://www.thehistoryofart.org/edwin-henry-landseer/man-proposes-god-disposes

  11. “Portrait of Bernardo de Gálvez.” Paranormal Strange Wiki. https://paranormal-strange.fandom.com/wiki/Portrait_of_Bernardo_de_G%C3%A1lvez

  12. “Sedlec Ossuary, Bone Church.” Atlas Obscura. https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/sedlec-ossuary

  13. “Spooky Art: The Dead Mother by Edvard Munch (Interpretation and Analysis).” Medium. October 24, 2021. https://maria-cristina.medium.com/spooky-art-the-dead-mother-by-edvard-munch-interpretation-and-analysis-3fa6d5b45ad

  14. “Study Reveals Why Eyes In Some Paintings Seem To Follow Viewers.” OSU. September 19, 2004. https://news.osu.edu/study-reveals-why-eyes-in-some-paintings-seem-to-follow-viewers

  15. “Blucifer, the Murderous Mustang of Denver Airport.” Atlas Obscura. March 17, 2014. https://www.slate.com/blogs/atlas_obscura/2014/03/17/the_blue_mustang_is_part_of_several_conspiracy_theories_centered_on_denver.html

  16. “The Curse of the Crying Boy.” Dr. David Clark. April 2008. https://drdavidclarke.co.uk/urban-legendary/the-curse-of-the-crying-boy

  17. “The Curse of the Crying Boy.” Medium. November 12, 2019. https://medium.com/@.Emily./the-curse-of-the-crying-boy-79d025bbfc5a

  18. "The Dead Mother Painting.” March 18, 2018. https://paranormalhauntings.blog/2018/03/18/the-dead-mother-painting

Sources from Legends 29

  1. Bailey, Brianna. “Last traces of Edmond circus camp slowly disappearing.” The Oklahoman. December 2, 2016. https://www.oklahoman.com/story/news/local/edmond/2016/12/02/last-traces-of-edmond-circus-camp-slowly-disappearing/60634009007

  2. Boozer, William. “A Century Ago Purdy, Tenn., Was A Thriving Community and Center of Culture, Then The Town Fathers Decided To Fight The Railroad And Little Purdy Died.” The Commercial Appeal [Memphis, TN]. July 29, 1956. https://sites.rootsweb.com/~tnmcnair/newspapers/ghostTown.htm

  3. Brooks, Gayle. “Old Purdy: The Town That Disappeared.” The Jackson Sun. June 5, 1972. https://www.newspapers.com/image/284233572

  4. “Cahaba's "New" Cemetery.” The Historical Marker Database. June 2, 2020. https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=150864

  5. “Cahawba’s Earliest Inhabitants.” Old Cahawba. Accessed February 11, 2024. https://cahawba.com/history-and-legacy/cahawbas-earliest-inhabitants

  6. “Cahawba in the 1800’s.” Old Cahawba. Accessed February 11, 2024. https://cahawba.com/history-and-legacy/cahawba-in-the-1800s

  7. “A Capital Set in Wilderness.” Old Cahawba. Accessed February 11, 2024. https://cahawba.com/history-and-legacy/a-capital-set-in-wilderness

  8. Cimbala, Paul A., and Randall M. Miller, eds. The Great Task Remaining Before Us: Reconstruction as America’s Continuing Civil War (Fordham University Press, 2010).

  9. Coulon, Christen. “Legendary haunted mansion opens doors to public.” Independent Appeal. October 5, 2011. https://issuu.com/independent_appeal/docs/vol107n20

  10. Cox, Dale. “Old Cahawba Archaeological Site - Cahaba, Alabama.” ExploreSouthernHistory.com. Accessed February 11, 2024. https://www.exploresouthernhistory.com/oldcahawba.html

  11. Critter. “There’s A Old Creepy Abandoned And Allegedly Haunted Circus Camp Near Oklahoma City.” Ultimate Unexplained. June 8, 2022. https://ultimateunexplained.com/grandini-circus-camp

  12. Crook, W. Clay. “Hurst!” Confederate Veteran. March-April 1992. https://www.tnyesterday.com/yesterday_henderson/hurst/hurst.html

  13. “The Deserted Village of Feltville / Glenside Park.” Union County. Accessed February 11, 2024. https://ucnj.org/parks-recreation/deserted-village

  14. Everson, Emily. “The Ghosts of Union County: 13 Bumps for 13 Witches.” Patch. October 31, 2011. https://patch.com/new-jersey/summit/theghostsofunioncounty-13bumpsfor13witches

  15. “Fielding Hurst and Purdy.” The Historical Marker Database. June 16, 2016. https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=74875

  16. “Historical Markers and Other Memorials.” Major William Anderson McTeer Camp No. 39, SUVCW. Accessed February 11, 2024. https://mcteer39.wordpress.com/preserving-history/historical-markers

  17. “History and Legacy.” Old Cahawba. Accessed February 11, 2024. https://cahawba.com/history-and-legacy

  18. Hladik, L’aura. Ghosthunting New Jersey (Clerisy Press, 2008).

  19. Intersimone, Jenna. “Deserted Village of Feltville isn't so deserted — or haunted.” My Central Jersey. June 27, 2018. https://www.mycentraljersey.com/story/things-to-do/2018/06/26/deserted-village-feltville-berkeley-heights-watchung-reservation/715513002

  20. Kazek, Kelly. “7 weird things you'll learn at Alabama's most famous ghost town, Old Cahawba.” AL.com. August 22, 2016. https://www.al.com/living/2016/08/7_weird_things_youll_learn_at.html

  21. Kennedy, Nancy Wardlow. “The Death Song of Purdy.” McNairy County, Tennessee. September 7, 2000. https://sites.rootsweb.com/~tnmcnair/PURDYTOWN.htm

  22. Kristen. “This Spooky Small Town In New Jersey Could Be Right Out Of A Horror Movie.” Only In Your State. September 11, 2016. https://www.onlyinyourstate.com/new-jersey/nj-spooky-town

  23. Larson, Nancy. “13 Bumps.” ActiveRain. October 22, 2008. https://activerain.com/blogsview/753385/13-bumps

  24. “Mauled Trainer ‘Stable.’” The Daily Oklahoman. January 15, 1976. https://www.newspapers.com/image/451566995

  25. Moran, Mark, and Mark Sceurman. “The Deserted Village and Enchanted Forest of the Watchung Reservation.” Weird N.J. November 1, 2023. https://weirdnj.com/stories/deserted-feltville-watchung

  26. “Pegues’ Ghost.” Old Cahawba. Accessed February 11, 2024. https://cahawba.com/history-and-legacy/pegues-ghost

  27. Provine, Jeff. Haunted Oklahoma: Ghosts and Strange Phenomena of the Sooner State (Globe Pequot, 2021).

  28. “Purdy Cemetery and Hurst Mansion – Purdy, TN.” Tennessee Hauntings. April 26, 2008. https://tnhauntings.wordpress.com/2008/04/26/purdy-cemetery-and-hurst-mansion-purdy-tn

  29. “Quiet Purdy holds Homecoming ’86 lessons.” The Tennessean. February 23, 1986. https://www.newspapers.com/image/112421707

  30. Reed, Ryan. “That Demon Hurst and Purdy, Tennessee.” Listener Submission. December 11, 2023. 

  31. Sykas, Karen. “History of the ‘Deserted Village.’” In Weird N.J. Vol. 2: Your Travel Guide to New Jersey’s Local Legends and Best Kept Secrets, ed. Mark Moran & Mark Sceurman (Sterling Publishing Company, 2006).

  32. Terrell, Kolby. “Developer plans to turn abandoned Edmond circus camp into multi-use development.” KOCO News. June 29, 2023. https://www.koco.com/article/oklahoma-edmond-circus-camp-development/44376806

  33. “Thrilling Scenes in Purdy.” Republican Banner [Nashville, TN]. November 16, 1859. https://www.newspapers.com/image/604231615

  34. Walker, Jeff. “Early History of McNairy County.” McNairy County Independent. November 23, 1923. http://files.usgwarchives.net/tn/mcnairy/history/erlyhis1.txt

  35. Young, Jennifer. “This Spooky Small Town In Alabama Could Be Right Out Of A Horror Movie.” Only In Your State. September 10, 2016. https://www.onlyinyourstate.com/alabama/spooky-small-town-al

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  2. Cameron, Janet. Brighton and Hove: Murders & Misdemeanours. Gloucestershire: Amberley Publishing, 2013.

  3. Colquhoun, Kate. Mr Briggs’ Hat: A Sensational Account of Britain’s First Railway Murder. London: Little, Brown; 2011. 

  4. Colquhoun, Kate. Murder in the First-Class Carriage: The First Victorian Railway Killing. New York: The Overlook Press, 2011. Kindle Edition. 

  5. Colquhoun, Kate. “The Murder that Terrified Victorian Rail Commuters.” Express. 4/24/2011. https://www.express.co.uk/expressyourself/242660/The-murder-that-terrified-Victorian-rail-commuters.

  6. “Dr Hawley Crippen.” Perspective. February 3, 2023. https://perspectivemag.co.uk/reputations-dr-hawley-crippen/

  7. “Execution of Muller; His Confession”. Liverpool Daily Post. 11/15/1864. Page 5. https://www.newspapers.com/image/796337323/?terms=muller&match=1.

  8. “The First Railway Murder”. British Transport Police. https://www.btp.police.uk/police-forces/british-transport-police/areas/about-us/about-us/our-history/crime-history/first-railway-murder/.

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  11. “Franz Muller. Killing; murder. 24th October 1864.” The Proceedings of the Old Bailey. https://www.oldbaileyonline.org/record/t18641024-920?text=muller.

    1. NOTE: this is the transcript of Muller’s trial. 

  12. History.com Editors. “Victorian Era Timeline”. History. 3/15/2019. Updated 8/11/2023. https://www.history.com/topics/19th-century/victorian-era-timeline. Accessed 12/20/23.

  13. Homer, Aaron. “How the Hunt for the 1881 Railway Murderer Changed Policing.” Grunge. 9/26/2022. https://www.grunge.com/1019688/how-the-hunt-for-the-1881-railway-murderer-changed-policing/.

  14. “Horrible and Atrocious Murder in a First-Class Carriage of a Train on the North London Railway”. The Standard. 7/11/1864. Page 6. https://www.newspapers.com/image/402143684/?terms=%22briggs%22&match=1.

  15. “Murder on the Brighton Railway”. The Standard. 6/28/1881. Page 5. https://www.newspapers.com/image/409753151/?terms=%22Brighton%20railway%22&match=1.

  16. “The Murder of Isaac Gold, 1881.” British Transport Police (BTP). https://www.btp.police.uk/police-forces/british-transport-police/areas/about-us/about-us/our-history/crime-history/murder-of-issac-gold/.

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  18. “The Railway Tragedy. Search for Lefroy. Government and Railway Rewards.” The Daily Telegraph. 7/1/1881. Page 3. https://www.newspapers.com/image/818691828/?terms=%22Percy%20mapleton%22&match=1.

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  3. Bosquet, Jean. “Lizard Peolpe’s [sic] Catacomb City Hunted.” Los Angeles Times. January 29, 1934. https://www.newspapers.com/image/380495346

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  5. “Case-Record of a Vision of a Vanished Civilization in the Californian Area.” In Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research 28(11), November 1934: p. 292.

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  10. Dalea, Natalie. “The Strange Case of the Loveland Frog, Ohio's Amphibian Cryptid.” The Portalist. July 29, 2020. https://theportalist.com/the-loveland-frog

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